Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Don’t Forget the Animals Rationale Owners of large parcels of land often purchase them with the idea of eventually acquiring some form of livestock. Often, the romance of livestock ownership blinds them to the actual realities. Practical considerations such as costs, including their time and money, animal needs (space, food, facilities) and potential impacts to their property and/or their neighbors are often ignored until there is a problem. This module attempts to introduce potential costs, problems, and considerations that enter into animal ownership. Objectives Participants will: 1. Be able to estimate the number of animals their properties can support. 2. Understand and avoid negative animal impacts on their own properties and adjacent properties. 3. Establish a manure management plan. 4. Understand how to minimize impacts on wildlife and encourage wildlife, if desired. 5. Understand the rules and procedures of predator control. Introduction This module focuses on issues related to animal ownership and land management. Lesson 1 discusses the benefits and costs of keeping livestock animals on your property. Lesson 2 focuses on how to manage animals, including how to feed, shelter and care for them. Lesson 2 also explains how to avoid animal impacts to your land and your neighbors. Lesson 3 focuses on managing wildlife, with strategies to both discourage and encourage wildlife. In the three lessons, the most common domestic livestock species, including horses, cattle, sheep, pigs, poultry and exotic animals, will be discussed. Participants will revise some of their management goals and determine how animals fit into their property goals. So, You Want to Be an Animal Owner Rationale Animal ownership can be fulfilling. However, ownership is also a major responsibility. Often, landowners will acquire animals without a full understanding of the responsibilities, costs, and time required to maintain them. Owning animals without the proper resources can lead to negative impacts to both the land and the animals. Objectives Participants will: 1. Be able to estimate the number of animals their properties can support. 2. Have reference materials and resources for finding out more information. Materials/supplies to be requested from participants before class starts 1. Maps they have made of their properties 2. Notebooks with forms and exercises done to date 3. Calculator, paper, writing utensils, rulers 4. Any additional pertinent information that they have on their property – zoning, CC&Rs, etc. Materials/supplies needed for class 1. Flip chart and markers (or dry-erase board, chalkboard or overhead projector) 2. Overhead or PowerPoint computer projection system and Pointer 3. Refreshments Local resources needed for class 1. Climate and moisture maps from your area, if available 2. Estimated productivity maps for local soils (should be available from your local Natural Resources Conservation Center (NRCS), garden center, or other agencies) 3. Crop reports: Your local agricultural commissioner’s crop report should have information on the number of acres of pasture in your county 4. Zoning maps: Maps should be available from your county recorders office. Get locations for participants’ properties from the pre-registration forms; try to ensure you have maps to cover each participant property 5. Local ordinances: These should be available from your county government planning office. Ask for Right-to-Farm laws, any grazing laws, open range laws, or other pertinent laws Background information for instructors If participants filled out the preregistration form, use the forms to tailor the presentation to animals of interest to the group Lobo, R.E., and Cirelli, A., 1996, Economics of Horse Ownership in Nevada, University of Nevada Cooperative Extension Fact Sheet 96-41, http://www.unce.unr.edu/publications/files/ag/other/fs9641.pdf See additional handouts list to familiarize yourself with specific species of livestock or exotic animals Handouts needed for participants 1. Pros and Cons of Animal Ownership Activity Sheet 2. Animal Ownership Goals Activity Sheet 3. Animal Ownership Information Sheets: Sheep, Swine, Poultry, Exotic Animals, Rabbits, Beef, Dairy Cows and Horses Handouts needed for participants (in addition to lesson handouts) 1. Costs and Responsibility of Ownership: Horse Industry Handbook HIH 120, American Youth Horse council, 4093 Iron Works Pike, Lexington, KY, 40511-8434, order on the Web at http://www.4-hmall.org or by phone at 800-879-2942. 2. Should I Buy a Horse? - Horse Industry Handbook HIH 110-1, American Youth Horse council, 4093 Iron Works Pike, Lexington, KY, 40511-8434, order on the Web at http://www.4-hmall.org or by phone at 800-879-2942. Homework assignment 1. Complete the Animals Ownership Goals Activity Sheet, if unable to finish it in class. Pros and Cons of Animal Ownership Benefits of animal ownership 1. ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________________________ 5. ______________________________________________________________________________ 6. ______________________________________________________________________________ 7. ______________________________________________________________________________ 8. ______________________________________________________________________________ 9. ______________________________________________________________________________ Potential problems associated with animal ownership 1. ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________________________ 5. ______________________________________________________________________________ 6. ______________________________________________________________________________ 7. ______________________________________________________________________________ 8. ______________________________________________________________________________ 9. ______________________________________________________________________________ Animal Ownership Goals Legal context of my property: Property zoning: __________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Zoning rules: _____________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Other rules that may affect my property (CC&Rs, others) __________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Goals/benefits: Benefits I expect from animal ownership for myself: _______________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Benefits I expect from animal ownership for my family: ____________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Number and kind of animals I want: ___________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Property assets: Size of my property: _______________________________________________________________ Size or amount of land I can set aside for animals: _______________________________________ Type of soil: ______________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Capability to grow pasture/forage: _____________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Animal Ownership Goals Estimate of amount of forage possible by season: ________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Facilities located on property: ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Condition of facilities: ______________________________________________________________ Water sources located on property (creek, pond, well, irrigation, etc): _________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Condition of water source: ___________________________________________________________ Costs/resources needed: Cost of purchasing animals: _________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Feed costs (per year): ______________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Facilities needed (water system, fencing, shelter): ________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Upgrades to existing facilities: _______________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Facilities cost (one-time expense): ____________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Facilities cost (maintenance): ________________________________________________________ Health care costs (per year): _________________________________________________________ Time needed to manage animals (estimate): ____________________________________________ Animal Ownership Information Sheet Sheep and Goats Rams 180-300 lbs Building floor space (ft2/head) inside Dry ewes 150-200 lbs Ewes with lambs 1.5-2 ft2of creep space / lamb 1 15-20 Feeder lambs 30-110 lbs 8-10 20-30 12-16 Lot Space(ft2/head) outside 25-40 25-40 Feeder Space (inches) 12 16-20 16-20 2 / lamb creep 9-12 Water (head/bowl or nipple)3 10 40-50 40-50 water available 50-75 Water gal/head/day4 2-3 2 3 0.1-0.3 1.5 30-50 20-30 Approx. feed needed5 (lbs/head/day) Hay 4-7 2.5-4 4-7 +grain 1-2 + grain Haylage 8-10 5-7 8-10 + grain 2-4 + grain Corn silage 12-20 + supplement 7-9 + supplement 12-18 + supplement 4-6 + supplement Grain 0.5-2.5 0.0-0.75 0.75-2.5 1.0-3.0 Supplement 0.0-0.25 0.12-0.25 0.25-0.5 0.25-0.5 1. For lambing rates above 170 percent (twins and triplets), increase floor space by 5 ft2/head. 2. Feeder space/animal depends on animal size, shorn vs. unshorn, breed, pregnancy stage, number of times fed/day, and feed quality. 3. Use heated or circulating type in cold buildings. 4. Water requirements vary considerably with time of year and ration. Use clean water and keep waterer clean. Maintain water above 35 degrees F in winter and below 75 degrees F in summer. 5. Approximate rations for three optional forages. Data are only intended to be used to compute feed storage and handling needs. Animal Ownership Information Sheet Swine Sow and litter Nursery pig 30-75 lbs Growing pig 75-220 lbs Finishing pig 75220 lbs Gestating sow 325 lbs Boar 400 lbs Sow in Breeding 325 lbs Building floor space (ft2/head) inside 3-4 5-6 8 40 16 Lot space (ft2/head) outside 6-8 12-15 14 40 28 6 8 Water (gal/head/day 8 1 3 4 Feeder Space Pig 12-30 lbs 2 pigs/feeder space Pig 30-50 lbs 3 pigs/feeder space Pig 50-75 lbs 4 pigs/feeder space Pig 75-220 lbs 4-5 pigs/feeder space Sows 1 foot/self-feed sow 2 feet/group-fed sow Animal Ownership Information Sheet Poultry Fryer Laying hen Duck Goose Turkey Game Birds Building floor space (ft2/head) inside 1-2 1.5-3 3 6 3-5 6-8 Lot space (ft2/head) outside 4-10 4-10 15 18 varies 4-25 Water (gal/10 birds/day) 0.5-1 0.5-1 1-2 1-3 2-4 varies Water is very important for all poultry. Clean, fresh water should be provided ad lib (all the time). Chickens will drink two to three times as much water, by weight, as they eat in food per day. Chicken bodies are 55 to 75 percent water and eggs are 65 percent water. A laying bird will drink 25 percent of her daily water during the two hours prior to darkness. Water at this time is crucial for egg production. Ducks and geese need more water per pound of body weight than chickens or turkeys. Space at the waterers varies with species and breed, but is generally 1 to 4 inches per bird. Space requirements for roosting and nesting vary with species and breed. Consult information on specific species and breeds to determine these requirements. Space at feeders: 1 to 6 inches per bird. Feed amount varies with breed, species and age. The protein content should be between 16 to 22 percent. Laying hens require 0.2 to 0.25 pounds of fed per bird per day. For meat birds, total feed requirement from hatch to harvest is generally 3 to 4 times live body weight at harvest. Animal Ownership Information Sheet Exotic Animals Llama, alpaca Three to five llamas or five to 10 alpacas can be grazed per acre, depending on the quality of the pasture. Each adult llama will generally consume one bale of hay per week. Eighteen inches of space per animal at feed and water troughs are recommended. Water must be provided at all times. They consume 2 to 5 gallons per day. Fencing should be a minimum of 5-feet tall for alpacas and 4-feet tall for llamas. Barbed wire is not recommended. A three-sided shelter or other well-lit shelter should be provided. Five adult llamas can generally share a 12 by 16 foot shelter. Pasture space requirements are 4 to 5 llamas per acre or 5 to 10 alpacas per acre. Space requirements for intact male llamas are 1 to 2 acres per animal. As with horses, a sacrifice or loafing area may needed to ensure pasture health. Llamas and alpacas share communal dung piles. This makes cleanup easier. Avoid distributing manure over fields that will be used for grazing. Both llamas and alpacas will refuse to graze fields where their manure has been spread. The manure will not burn plants if used as a side dressing and will compost readily. Ostrich, emu, rhea Feed requirements vary with species, breed and age of bird. In general, the birds require 1 to 2.5 percent of their body weight in food per day. Many formulated feeds exist. Birds should be fed a complete diet with protein levels between 16 and 22 percent. Chick feed requires the higher protein content. Water requirements are 1 to 3 gallons per bird per day, with more needed during hot weather. Space requirements are high, with each pair of breeding birds requiring a 1/8- to 1/4-acre run (approximately 5,000 to 10,000 ft2). The runs should be long and narrow to provide plenty of room to run. Fences should be 5- to 6-feet tall and strong enough to withstand pressure from birds leaning against them. Animal Ownership Information Sheet Rabbits Rabbits are generally housed separately to reduce fighting and control breeding. Rabbits are ondemand ovulators and will readily breed year-round. The minimum space requirement for a rabbit is four times the adult body size. The herd buck needs a larger pen, as breeding occurs in his pen. Most commercial breeding operations or meat rabbit operations use a formulated complete pellet Protein content should range from 12 to 18 percent. Feed should also contain a minimum of 8 percent crude fiber. Clean fresh water should be provided at all times. Adult rabbits require 8 to 16 ounces per day. Fryers are harvested at 4.5 to 5 pounds live weight, which generally corresponds to 8 to 12 weeks of age. Animal Ownership Information Sheet Beef Feeder Cattle Calves 400-800 lbs. Finishing 8001,200 lbs. Bred heifers 800 lbs. Cows 1,000 lbs. Unpaved lot without mound ft2/animal 300-600 400-800 500-800 Barn with lot ft2/animal 15-20 20-25 20-25 Feeder Space inches/animal 18-22 22-26 24-30 Self-fed grain inches/animal 3-4 4-6 5-6 Hay lb/animal/day 4.8 3.5 25-30 Grain lb/animal/day 6.5-9.5 5.5-7.5 25 20 Water lb/animal/day Animals/waterer – dry lot Animals/waterer - pasture 20 15 15 Gal/head/day – hot weather 18 15-22 15 18 Gal/head/day – cold weather 8-15 8-11 7 9 Animal Ownership Information Sheet Dairy Cows Cow Stall Platform Sizes Under 1200 lbs. 1200-1600 lbs. Over 1600 lbs. Width 4feet 0 inches 4 feet 6 inches Length 5 feet 6 inches 5 feet 9 inches Width 4 feet 0 inches 4 feet’ 6 inches 5 feet 0 inches Length 5 feet 9 inches 6 feet’ 0 inches 6 feet 6 inches Stanchion Stalls Not Recommended Tie Stalls Replacement Animal Space Requirements 0-2 months (individual pens) Pen Size (feet) Calf hutch (plus 4’x6’ outdoor run) 4x8 Bedded pen 4x7 Tie stall 2x4 3-5 months (groups up to 6 head) Super calf hutch 25-30 ft2/head Bedded pen 25-30 ft2/head Water Requirements Gallons/animal/day Calves (1-1.5 gal/100 lbs) 6-10 Heifers 10-15 Dry cows 20-30 Milking cows 35-45 Animal Ownership Information Sheet Dairy Cows Heifer Housing (Assumes access to a 10 foot wide scraped feed alley) Age in months 5-8 9-12 13-15 16-24 Square feet per animal Resting area 25 28 32 40 Paved outside lot 35 40 45 50 Bedding resting area 25 28 32 40 Slotted floor 12 13 17 25 Feeding Space Requirements Age in months 3-4 5-8 9-12 13-15 16-24 Mature cow Inches per animal Self-feeder, hay or silage 4 4 5 6 6 6 Mixed ration or grain 12 12 15 18 18 18 Once-a-day feeding hay, silage, or ration 12 18 22 26 26 26-30 Animal Ownership Information Sheet Horses Hay Manger and Grain Box Dimensions (Dimensions for inside the stall, in inches) Dimensions (inches) Hay manger1 Grain box All mature animals (Mares, geldings, brood mares, stallions) Length Throat height Width Depth 30-36 38-42 20-24 24-30 20-24 38-42 12-16 8-12 Foals and 2-year-olds Length Throat height Width Depth 24-30 32-36 16-20 20-24 16-20 32-36 10-16 6-8 Ponies Length Throat height Width Depth 24 32 18 20 18 32 10 6-8 1. Wall corner hay racks are often used instead of mangers. Five feet is the usual distance between the floor and the bottom of the rack. Many horsemen feed hay on the stall floor in both box and tie stalls and use a wall-mounted grain box in the corner of the stall. Door and Ceiling Dimensions (in feet) Door Width (feet) Height (feet) Stalls 4 8 Small wheeled equipment 10 10 Horse and rider 12 12 Large equipment, horse and rider 16 14 Ceiling Minimum height (feet) Horse 8 Horse and rider 12 Animal Ownership Information Sheet Horses Space Requirements for Horses in Buildings In open-front shelters, plan for 60 to 80 ft2/1,000 lb live weight Dimensions of stalls including manger Size Mature animal (mare or gelding) Brood mare Foal to 2-year old Stallion1 Pony Box stall size (feet) 10 x 10 10 x 12 12 x 12 12 x 12 10 x 10 12 x 12 14 x 14 9x9 Small Medium Large Large (or larger) Average Large Extra large Average Tie stall size (feet) 5x9 5 x 12 4.5 x 9 5x9 3x6 1. Work stallions daily, or provide a 2- to 4-acre paddock for exercise. Stall Characteristics Item Water Feed Manure Bedding Exercise Space Floor Partitions Top guard Tie stalls Box stalls Out-of-stall In-stall Less carrying Less required Out-of-stall 45 to 60 sq. ft. Clay or plank Strong & tight Manger end In-stall In-stall More carrying More required Limited in-stall 100 to 320 sq. ft. Clay or plank Strong & tight On partitions Water Requirements Type and age of animal Mature (mare or gelding) Brood mares Foals to 2-year-olds Stallions Ponies Gallons/animal/day 8-12 8-12 6-8 8-12 6-8 Rationale Caring for animals humanely requires a great deal of specialized knowledge about animals’ needs. These needs include adequate food, water, and healthcare. Basic knowledge will help the animal owner establish a more efficient management system that will cut down on time and costs spent caring for them. Objectives Participants will: 1. Understand how ruminant and nonruminant digestive systems function. 2. Understand animal nutritional needs. 3. Learn how to judge hay quality based on a number of characteristics. 4. Know the basics of preventative health care for animals. 5. Learn additional tips for health and safety. 6. Understand the impacts animals can make on their property and how to avoid these impacts. 7. Develop a manure management strategy. 8. Evaluate how well their properties meet animal needs. Feeding Requirements Information Sheet How Much Feed? FEED (hay) tons/month FORAGE AUMs/month 1 cow 0.4 1.0 1 horse 0.5 1.25 1 sheep 0.1 0.2 1 llama 0.15 0.3 1 goat 0.1 0.2 (Also see Module 5, Lesson 2) Annual Feed and Forage Production FERTILE SOILS POOR SOILS FEED (Hay in tons/acre/year) FORAGE (AUMs/acre/year) FEED (Hay in tons/acre/year) FORAGE (AUMs/ acre/year) Irrigated 2-4 3-4 <2 1-2 Non-irrigated 1-2 1-2 0.5 or less 0.5 1 0.5 0.5 or less 0.25 Range/ Woodland Feeding Requirements Sheet 1. Number and species of animals maintained year-round: a. ____________________________________________________________________ b. ____________________________________________________________________ c. ____________________________________________________________________ d. ____________________________________________________________________ 2. Yearly food requirements: FEED: ___________ (# and type of animals) X ________ monthly feed requirement for that species X 12 months = ________ tons feed (hay)/year OR FORAGE: ___________ (# and type animals) X ________ AUMs required X 12 months = __________ AUMs/year 3. Yearly food production from your property (see Module 5, Lessons 1 and 2): FEED: # acres of pasture _____________ X production/acre _______________ = tons feed (hay)/year OR FORAGE: # acres of pasture _____________ X AUMs/acre ____________ = ____________ AUMs/year 4. How much feed will you need to buy? What will it cost? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Livestock Manure Production Tables Information Sheet Manure Production Dry Manure Production Values – As Excreted N P2O5 K2O Volume Weight lb/day lb/day lb/day cu ft/d lb/day Beef (Cow) 0.33 0.27 0.31 1.02 63 Beef (Yearling) 0.30 0.23 0.24 0.89 55 Dairy (Dry) 0.36 0.11 0.28 1.32 82 Dairy (Lactating) 0.45 0.16 0.31 1.29 80 Ducks 0.70 0.69 0.60 0.73 46 Goats 0.45 0.11 0.31 0.63 40 Heifers 0.31 0.09 0.29 1.37 85 Horses 0.28 0.11 0.23 0.81 50 Poultry (Layer) 0.83 0.71 0.41 0.96 61 Sheep 0.45 0.16 0.36 0.63 40 Swine (Gestating) 0.19 0.14 0.15 0.44 27 Swine (Growing) 0.42 0.37 0.27 1.02 63 Turkeys 0.74 0.64 0.34 0.69 44 *Each figure based on 1,000-pound body weight. Animal species and condition* Percent Moisture 88 87 88 88 75 75 89 78 75 75 91 90 75 Adapted from Agricultural Waste Management Field Handbook (210-AWMFH) 1992. USDA – National Engineering Handbook, Chapter 4, p. 8-17. Characteristics of Bedding Materials Bedding material Compost Cornstalks (shredded) Legume hay (chopped) Legume hay (loose) Nonlegume hay (chopped) Nonlegume hay (loose) Sand Sawdust Soil Straw (baled) Straw (chopped) Straw (loose) Straw-oats (baled) Straw-wheat (baled) Wood chips/shavings *Weight of bedding when mixed with manure. Bedding (lbs/cu ft) 30 5 7 4 6 4 105 11 75 5 7 3 8 6 9 Mixed* (lbs/cu ft) 15 11 13 9 12 8 105 16 75 9 14 5 19 13 18 Moisture (percent) 20-60 10-20 10-15 10-15 10-15 10-15 15-30 10-20 15-50 5-15 5-15 5-15 5-15 5-15 10-20 Manure and Nutrient Quantity Calculation Sheet 1. Animal species and daily volume and weight of manure produced: Volume Animal species (cu ft/day) Weight (lb/day) Total daily accumulation 1a. Multiply the total daily volume and total daily weight by the number of days the animal’s manure collected. Note: this is only manure generated by animals, bedding material, will add to these values. Total volume (cu ft) = ________ days X ________ total daily accumulation Total weight (lbs) = ________ days X ________ total daily accumulation 2. Calculate the amount of nutrients present in the manure. Manure test data provides more accurate measurements, but the values in the handout provide a reasonable estimate. N P2O5 K2O Animal species (lb/day) (lb/day) (lb/day) Total daily accumulation 2a. Multiply the total daily nutrient accumulations by the number of days the animal’s manure will be collected. Note: this is only manure generated by animals, bedding material, will add to these values. Total N (lbs) = ________ days X ________ total daily accumulation Total P2O5 (lbs) = ________ days X ________ total daily accumulation Total K2O (lbs) = ________ days X ________ total daily accumulation Total nutrients will be reduced due to losses that occur from management practices. However, these values represent an estimated fertilizer value for the manure, which may be used on your pastures, gardens, etc. Rationale Domestic livestock have profound impacts on wildlife. In many cases, adding livestock to the landscape reduces habitat where wild animals can thrive and reproduce. In other cases, feed provided for livestock is eaten by wildlife, elevating the numbers of these animals past a natural level that can be sustained without human help. The most serious impact is the potential for transmission of diseases that can be passed back and forth between livestock and wild animals. Some diseases may also affect humans. It is difficult to control disease in wildlife populations. All these factors result in consequences for landowners, pets, livestock and wildlife. Managing wildlife is a multifaceted process. First and foremost, landowners must determine the species of wildlife that inhabit their surrounding areas. Are wildlife permanent residents, or are they seasonal or migratory? Then, landowners must decide if they want to encourage a specific wildlife species or discourage it. Learning what wildlife is on their properties and deciding which species they want to encourage or discourage can help landowners achieve their goals. Objectives Participants will: 1. Understand how to minimize negative impacts to and from wildlife. 2. Gain a basic knowledge of diseases that affect wildlife, domestic livestock and humans. 3. Understand methods to discourage wildlife. 4. Understand the aspects of predator control. 5. Understand methods to encourage wildlife and the risks of doing so. 6. Establish goals for managing wildlife on their properties. Materials/supplies to be requested from participants before class starts 1. Maps they have made of their properties 2. Notebooks with forms and exercises done to date 3. Calculator, paper, writing utensils, rulers, etc. Materials/supplies needed for class 1. Flip chart and markers (or dry-erase board, chalkboard or overhead projector) 2. Overhead or PowerPoint computer projection system and Pointer 3. Mylar overlays or tracing paper and pens for mapping 4. Refreshments Local resources needed for class 1. Check with a local U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service officer to identify the main predation issues in your area. Ask him or her to talk about recognizing predator tracks, identifying kill marks, etc. Alternatively, check with the local federal trapper in your area. Ask him or her to talk about the local rules for trapping. 2. Check with the local health department, Cooperative Extension, NRCS or other state, county or local entity to identify diseases of concern or interest in your area. Background information for instructors If participants filled out their preregistration forms, use them to tailor the presentation to topics of interest to the group. The “Web sites for further information” section of this lesson contains general and species-specific information that you may find helpful. California Department of Food and Agriculture, unknown date, A Guide to Living with Wildlife – “How to Animal Proof your Home,” www.cdfa.ca.gov/ahfss/Animal_Health/pdfs/animalproof.pdf Craighead, C., 1997, Who Ate the Backyard? Living with Wildlife on Private Land, Grand Teton Natural History Association. Jones, K., ed., unknown date, Landowning, Colorado Style, Landowner Information Booklet, a consortium of Colorado State and Federal agencies, http://www.co.nrcs.usda.gov/news/pas/Publications/LCSGuide.pdf Handouts needed for participants 1. Setting Wildlife Goals Activity Sheet Handouts needed for participants (in addition to lesson handouts) Instructor, please add any local publications that may be useful. Homework assignment 1. Using the Setting Wildlife Goals Activity Sheet: a. Determine the local wildlife population on or around your property. b. Determine wildlife goals for your property: Complete exclusion. Open access. Combination. c. Determine available wildlife habitat on your property. d. Come up with a plan to modify your property and facilities appropriately to achieve your wildlife goals. This plan should include: Existing areas and facilities used by your animals. Manure storage areas and schedules. Fencing, feeding areas and facilities, new or redesigned, to minimize negative animal impacts, discourage/encourage wildlife and limit or eliminate predation. Landscaping or features to attract desirable wildlife. 2. Add the Setting Wildlife Goals Activity Sheet to your notebook as part of your permanent record for your property. The data generated from this activity should also be added to your map or used to create an overlay to your maps. Setting Wildlife Goals 1. What species of wildlife are common in your area? ___________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. Which species of wildlife do you want to encourage? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. Have you considered what animal(s) prey on the species of wildlife you want to encourage? How will you deal with this potential problem? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 4. Which species of wildlife do you want to discourage? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 5. Are there portions of your property on which you want to limit access by wildlife? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 6. Are there portions of your property in which you want to encourage access by wildlife? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Setting Wildlife Goals 7. What assets does your property have, in terms of wildlife needs? a. Food sources:__________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ b. Water sources: _________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ c. Shelter, shade, cover and nesting habitat: ____________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 8. What assets do you need to add to your property to provide for wildlife needs? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 9. What actions are necessary to implement your goals? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________