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Study Guide for Mr. Carney’s/Ms. Darity’s Civil War Test Words to know: What do the following words mean? How are they related to the American Civil War in South Carolina? Ordinance of Secession- the document that officially dissolved the bond between South Carolina and the United States of America; SC was the first state to secede from the Union Civil War- war between the North and the South Confederacy- the South; 11 states Union- the North; their main purpose of the war was to preserve the Union Blockade- Union blocked Southern ports; based in SC Anaconda Plan- the Union’s war strategy; 3 parts; blockade Southern ports, take control of the Mississippi River, cutting the Confederacy into 2 pieces, and taking the capital, Richmond Stalemate- a tie; we were in one the first two years of the war “Total War”- the Union’s strategy to get the Confederacy to surrender; war on not only soldiers, but civilians; burned fields, homes, railroads, etc. Emancipation Proclamation- freed all slaves in the rebel states; didn’t really free anyone at all; made the war about slavery, not just preserving the Union; because of this, England is no longer willing to get involved on the side of the Confederacy Conscription Law- a draft enacted by both the North and the South when there were not enough volunteer soldiers Beaufort Experiment- schools were opened for freed slaves in Beaufort by missionaries from the North; taught freed slaves how to read and write as well as how to be members of society Sherman’s March to the Sea- from Tennessee to Savannah; destroyed everything in his path before coming through SC and burning Columbia People to Know: How did the following people contribute to the history of the Civil War? Abraham Lincoln- president of the United States of America; main goal at the start of the war was to preserve the Union; killed less than a week after the first Confederate surrender U.S. Grant- leading Union general who helped lead the US to victory in Virginia and on the Mississippi River; negotiated the surrender of the army of northern Virginia at Appomattox; captured Vicksburg, MS William T. Sherman- Union general who left a trail of destruction behind him in his infamous “March to the Sea” Jefferson Davis- only president of the Confederate States of America Robert E. Lee- one of the leading generals of the Confederacy; led the army of northern Virginia; surrendered his army at Appomattox Courthouse Robert Smalls- stole The Planter and put it into Union service; the North reacted by allowing him to join the army as well as becoming aware of the fact that African Americans could be useful as soldiers Gideon’s Band- a group of northern missionaries who opened schools for freed slaves in Beaufort, SC 1st Regiment of S.C. Volunteers- a group of Beaufort slaves who joined the army after being freed by the Union 54th Massachusetts Regiment- the first all-black troop group to see action in battle; they fought bravely in the Battle of Fort Wagner War Events Battle of Fort Sumter- April 1861; first shots of the Civil War were fired here; this battle began the Civil War; Confederacy won Invasion of Port Royal- Union invaded Beaufort; South Carolinians fled; the Union won Battle of Secessionville- battle on James Island; Confederate win Battle of Gettysburg- turning point of the war for the North Battle of Fort Wagner- led by the 54th Massachusetts Regiment; Confederates won Concepts: What were the 3 parts to Lincoln’s Anaconda Plan? Blockade Southern ports to prevent importing/exporting Take control of the Mississippi River, cutting the Confederacy in half Take over the Confederate capital, Richmond Know the advantages of the Union and the Confederacy and the war strategies of each. Union Advantages: more men who could fight, more effective navy, had more factories to make more of the machinery needed for war, more railroads Strategy: Anaconda Plan Confederacy Advantages: great military leaders, something to fight for, fighting on familiar territory Strategy: defensive, wear the Union down until they give up Know the events on your timelines. You do NOT need to memorize the dates, but you should know the years of the war. April 1861 – Battle of Fort Sumter; Civil War has begun Battle of Port Royal Battle of Secessionville Battle of Gettysburg Battle of Fort Wagner April 1865 – Battle of Appomattox Courthouse; Confederacy surrenders; the Union has won the war What was the Beaufort Experiment? Gideon’s Band? Why was this important? The Beaufort Experiment was when missionaries from the North, such as Gideon’s Band, opened schools for freed slaves in Beaufort. Former slaves were able to learn how to read and write as well as how to become members of a free society. This was important because it demonstrated how life could be after the war ended.