Download Mercury Swimming 2010-2011

[VICTOR SWIM CLUB 2013] July 10, 2013
VICTOR 2010-2013
Glossary
Standard Glossary of Swimming Terms used by The Victor Swim Club Coaching Staff.
Compiled by Head Coach, Michael M. Murray
1.) Abduction: the movement of a body part away from the midline or longitudinal
axis of the body.
2.) Adduction: the movement of a body part toward the midline or longitudinal axis
of the body.
3.) Age-Group: USA Swimming breaks into competitive groups; e.g. 10 and under,
11-12, 13-14, 15-18. and Masters Swimming.
4.) Axis: a straight line about which the body rotates. (Example: longitudinal or
transverse.)
5.) BIG 4: Inertial shoulder girdle elevation and upward scapular rotation; shoulder
joint medial rotation and elbow joint flexion; shoulder joint adduction and
downward scapular rotation; inertial round-off and release and partial supination.
6.) Caloric: of or relating to calories. The amount of heat required to raise the
temperature of one kilogram of water one degree centigrade.
7.) Cardiovascular: relating to or involving the heart and blood vessels, or referring
to the general circulatory system in athletes.
8.) Cerebral: of or relating to the brain or intellect of an athlete.
9.) Circumduction: a joint that can incorporate all movements. (Example: flexion,
extension, abduction, adduction and rotation.
10.)
Credentials: The necessary paperwork/passes in order to be an official,
coach or swimmer on deck at any meet.
11.)
Cut-Time: The qualification standard for a meet or reportable time.
12.)
Cycle: A designated period of time in any phase of training, scheduled and
created by the coaching staff.
13.)
Digestion: the process of translating food into an absorbable, simpler,
smaller chemical compound that is used as fuel for energy.
14.)
Dolphin Kick: Referred to as the “5th Stroke,” dolphin kick is performed
in all four of the competitive strokes, which in breastroke is limited to a single
downward kick during the pull out phase of the streamline.
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15.)
Dorsi-Flexion: flexing the ankle joint by positioning the toe of the foot up
toward the knee.
16.)
DRY-LAND: Any combination of physical activities performed outside of
the pool. (Example: stretching, abdominals, cross training, lifting.
17.)
Energy Systems: The USA Swimming implemented training of 7
different energy systems used in every workout on a daily/weekly/monthly/yearly
basis; see our training information section for further detail.
18.)
Extension: movement of a joint toward a straight line position or a 180*
angle.
19.)
Extraneous Stimuli: all sensations that take place outside of the body.
(Example: other competitors, the venue, spectators, parental/peer pressures, etc…)
20.)
FINA: The world governing body of competitive swimming, diving, water
polo and synchronized swimming.
21.)
Fins: Long rubber and hard plastic training equipment used to increase
both underwater kick propulsion and velocity, but also to help implement higher
levels of leg, knee, and ankle flexibility.
22.)
Flexibility: flexible quality or state. Capable of being bent in various
directions.
23.)
Floatation: the act or state of resting on the surface of or be suspended in
a fluid.
24.)
Force-Arm: the distance from the fulcrum or joint to the point of
application or point of muscle attachment.
25.)
Gluteal: referring to the muscle group located on the posterior aspect of
the pelvis. Responsible for hip extension and hyperextension.
26.)
Glycogen: the chief storage carbohydrate of human beings. Sugar
formation through the process of the glycolic cycle.
27.)
Hawkins-Kennedy Test: Orthopedic test that usually can detect a rotator
cuff injury in the shoulder.
28.)
“Helicopter Parents”: The process of “hovering” over all of your child’s
daily activities, hobbies, school and social interactions or living vicariously
through the successes/failures of your children’s athletic involvement.
[VICTOR SWIM CLUB 2013] July 10, 2013
29.)
Hyperextension: the movement of a joint beyond a straight line position
or beyond a 180* angle.
30.)
Hyperpronation: the movement of a joint beyond a pronated position.
(Example: rotating hands past the downward facing position to an outward
direction.
31.)
Hypnosis: a state that resembles sleep but is induced by a person whose
suggestions are readily accepted by the participant.
32.)
Hypotenuse: the side of a right angled triangle that is opposite the right
angle.
33.)
Hypoxic: a deficiency of oxygen reaching the tissues of the body.
34.)
Inertial: referring to Newton’s first law of motion. The ability to produce
joint movements using a minimal amount of muscular energy.
35.)
Inertial Lag: periods of acceleration and deceleration in the movements
(hands and feet) of a particular competitive stroke.
36.)
\Interval: a space of time between training sets during a workout, or
events at a competition.
37.)
Inversion: rotating the ankle joint inward toward the midline.
38.)
Isometric: the contraction of a muscle group with the joint in a fixed state
and no movement produced.
39.)
Kinesiology: The academic study of the movements of the human body.
40.)
Kinesthetic Awareness: The ability of a human to understand where their
appendages are in space. See also Propioception.
41.)
Lactate: a salt or ester of lactic acid. Lactate is a fluid built in the muscles
during periods of hypoxia and strenuous physical activity.
42.)
Lactate Set: A swimming practice specifically designed to test an
athlete’s ability to flush lactate from the muscles and repeat a desired time or
performance. Typically a lactate set is an all out (SP3) level effort, concentrating
on creating race pace scenarios with a great amount of rest. 5 x 200 @ 8:00.)
43.)
Lean Body Weight (LBW): the weight of a body with minimal percent of
fat tissue to maintain efficient healthy living. LBW can be tested with calipers.
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44.)
Levels of Development: Bronze, Silver, Gold, Sr. Championships,
Eastern Zones, Speedo Champions Series (Sectionals), Jr. Nationals, Sr.
Nationals, US Open, US Olympic Trials, Olympic Games.
45.)
Levers: a rigid piece that can transmit and modify force or motion when
forces are applied to two points and it turns about a third.
46.)
Longitudinal: of or relating to the length or lengthwise dimension.
47.)
LSC (Local Swimming Committee): The Geographical separation of
USA Swimming. We are part of Niagara LSC.
48.)
Masters Swimming: Referring to the age group that remains open from
the ages of 19-100.
49.)
Metabolism: the sum of the processes in the building up and destruction
of living cells in the human body.
50.)
Mechanical: that branch of physics or applied mathematics which treats
of forces, and their effects in producing and changing motion.
51.)
Mechanical Advantage: the ratio of the force that performs the useful
work of a machine to the force that is applied to the machine.
52.)
Medial Rotation: the rotation of a body part toward the midline or
longitudinal axis of the body.
53.)
Momentum: the property of a moving body that determines the length of
time required to bring it to rest when under the constant action of force.
54.)
Neuromuscular: of or relating to nerves and muscles or nervous and
muscular tissue.
55.)
Open Water: referring to a competitive swimming race held in ponds,
rivers, lakes, and the ocean. Races can go from 3k to 15k in distances.
56.)
Perception: awareness of the elements of environment through physical
sensation.
57.)
Progression: Referring to an athlete’s ability to continue to move on in
terms of their practice abilities/capabilities, mastery of skills or referring to a
specific cycle or training modification.
58.)
Proprioception: serve to notify the nervous system of the tension of
muscles and tendons, position and movement of joints, and equilibrium sensations
[VICTOR SWIM CLUB 2013] July 10, 2013
which detect gravitational force and acceleratory changes. See also kinesthetic
awareness.
59.)
Proprio: a dry-land technique exercise educating the nervous system as to
proper stroke technique.
60.)
Propulsion: the action or process of propelling.
61.)
Plantar Flexion: extending the ankle joint by moving the toe of the foot
away from the knee.
62.)
Power-Racks: Towers of weighted plates attached to a lever pull system
that attaches to the swimmer with the use of a belt. The swimmer is timed on how
long it takes him/her to lift the various weights to the top of the tower.
63.)
Prime Movers: the muscle group primarily responsible for the movement
of any joint on the human body.
64.)
Pulmonary: relating to or associating with the lungs/breathing ability of
an athlete.
65.)
Quadriceps: that muscle group found on the anterior aspect of the upper
leg and responsible for knee extension.
66.)
Quadrennial: A four year training cycle, usually orchestrated by coaches
preparing their athletes for the United States Olympic Trials.
67.)
Reflex-Action: an act performed involuntarily in consequence of a
nervous impulse transmitted inward from a receptor to nerve center to effectors.
68.)
Resistance Arm: the distance between the fulcrum or joint to the point of
resistance.
69.)
Rotation (internal & external): the act of turning on or as if on an axis.
70.)
Sagittal Plane: relating to or situated in the median plane of the body or
any plane parallel thereto.
71.)
Scapula: Anatomical term referring to the shoulder blades.
72.)
Shoulder Girdle: Anatomical term referring to the clavicle (collar bone)
and scapula (shoulder blade).
73.)
Snorkel: A piece of training equipment made by FINIS, that attaches to
the front of the swimmers face and allows the swimmer to focus on stroke
techniques without having to move the head to breath.
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74.)
Socket Rockets: Large rubber padded goggles manufactured by speedo
and preferred by most age group swimmers.
75.)
Somatotype: an assessment of the percentage of the 3 types of tissues
present in the body. (Example: Muscle, Bone, Fat).
76.)
Speedo: Our official team sponsor and distributor of Mercury Swimming.
Speedo is the largest swimsuit manufacturing company in the world, and makes
the most high tech suits, designed specifically for competitive swimming.
77.)
Stanford Shooters: a 25 yard underwater sprint with no breath and
wearing either zoomers or fins.
78.)
Supination: rotation of the hands with the palms of the hands in a position
that faces forward.
79.)
Swedish Goggles: Hard plastic goggles that are tied together with a thin
string and rubber nose buffer. The preferred choice of most national level
swimmers.
80.)
Taper: a gradual decrease in the workload for the purpose of physical and
mental recovery.
81.)
Test Sets: a series of reoccurring sets that are monitored and recorded to
chart improvement during various training cycles.
82.)
Tibial Torsion: a rotation of the foot outward from the midline of the
body.
83.)
Third Class Lever: a lever where the joint is located at one end, the
resistance applied at the other end, and the force applied between.
84.)
Zoomers: Half-cut fins that help train the speed of an athlete’s kick and
velocity of propulsion.
85.)
USADA: United States Anti Doping Agency.
86.)
WADA: World Anti Doping Agency.