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COMORBIDITY 2006 <624>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006373746
Authors Hintz T. Mann K.
Institution
(Hintz, Mann) Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health,
University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
(Hintz) Central Institute of Mental Health, Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, J5, 68159
Mannheim, Germany.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Co-occurring disorders: Policy and practice in Germany.
Source
American Journal on Addictions. 15(4)(pp 261-267), 2006. Date of Publication: 01 Aug
2006.
Abstract
The occurrence of substance use disorders (SUD) with other mental disorders - what is
often referred to as co-occurring disorders (COD) - is a common phenomenon, but for a long
time, little attention has been paid to this problem in Germany. During the last 25 years,
however, COD awareness has increased due to a shift toward community-based services.
Scientific research has also demonstrated the significance and clinical relevance of COD.
High prevalence rates and evidence of poor clinical outcomes were found in German studies.
Many practitioners as well as policymakers acknowledge that changes in systems of care are
necessary to meet the requirements of COD patients. The traditional German system is
currently divided into addiction services and mental health services (predominantly in
inpatient settings), often resulting in ineffective sequential treatment for COD patients.
Research demonstrates that integrative treatment models are more appropriate, and the
division of services should be reorganized to help COD patients appropriately. Efforts have
already been made to restructure healthcare systems toward a more flexible approach with
improved networking between in- and outpatient services. A further issue is the general
attitude toward SUD patients. Many practitioners continue to hold negative opinions (eg,
"SUD patients are only weak-minded") or feel insecure when confronted with SUD. This
results in SUD problems being frequently ignored or depreciated. Educational programs have
been intensive over recent years to address this problem (eg, Fachkunde Sucht, an advanced
training program on SUD). In general, treatment conditions for COD patients are improving,
but further efforts are necessary. Guidelines and treatment strategies for COD patients have
been recently published in Germany. Copyright copyright American Academy of Addiction
Psychiatry.
ISSN 1055-0496
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name American Journal on Addictions
Volume 15
Issue Part 4
Page 261-267
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication 01 Aug 2006
COMORBIDITY 2006 <630>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006364251
Authors Martinez-Ortega J.M. Jurado D. Martinez-Gonzalez M.A. Gurpegui M.
Institution
(Martinez-Ortega, Gurpegui) Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Av. Madrid
11, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
(Jurado) Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Av.
Madrid 11, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
(Martinez-Gonzalez) Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of
Navarre, Irunlarrea 1, E-31080 Pamplona, Spain.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Nicotine dependence, use of illegal drugs and psychiatric morbidity.
Source
Addictive Behaviors. 31(9)(pp 1722-1729), 2006. Date of Publication: Sep 2006.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the association of smoking and nicotine
dependence with psychiatric morbidity, controlling for the potential confounding effect of
smoking on the relationship between the use of other substances and psychiatric morbidity. A
sample of 290 adults were interviewed at a primary health centre (patients, 58%; patients'
relatives, 34%; staff, 8%) to inquire about their tobacco, caffeine, alcohol, and illegal drug
consumption. Psychiatric morbidity, defined by a score > 6 on the General Health
Questionnaire (GHQ-28), showed a strong direct association with nicotine dependence. The
use of illegal drugs, but not of alcohol, was also strongly associated with psychiatric morbidity,
after controlling for smoking. Both smoking and high nicotine dependence were also
associated with use of caffeine, alcohol, cannabis and cocaine. High nicotine dependence
may be considered as an expression of individual psychopathologic vulnerability. Tobacco
may have a central facilitating role in the use of caffeine, alcohol, and illegal drug. copyright
2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
ISSN 0306-4603
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Addictive Behaviors
Volume 31
Issue Part 9
Page 1722-1729
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication Sep 2006
COMORBIDITY 2006 <651>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006333519
Authors Sundram S.
Institution
(Sundram) Molecular Psychopharmacology, Mental Health Research Institute of Victoria, 155 Oak Street, Parkville,
Vic. 3052, Australia.
(Sundram) Northern Psychiatry Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
(Sundram) Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Cannabis and neurodevelopment: Implications for psychiatric disorders.
Source
Human Psychopharmacology. 21(4)(pp 245-254), 2006. Date of Publication: Jun 2006.
Abstract
The developing brain is susceptible to the effects of exogenous cannabinoids both during
the perinatal period through maternal cannabis use and in young adolescent users. Emerging
data from human and animal perinatal exposure studies demonstrate a subtle rather than
gross effect of cannabis upon later functioning including; specific cognitive deficits especially
in visuospatial function; impulsivity, inattention and hyperactivity; depressive symptoms; and
substance use disorders. From animal studies motor control systems, neuroendocrine
function and nociception may additionally be affected. Fetal studies indicate that these
outcomes may be through cannabinoid mediated influences on the ontogeny of, especially
dopamine and opioid, neurotransmitter systems. The effect of cannabinoids in the adolescent
suggest long-term deleterious outcomes in cognition, depressive symptoms, schizophrenia
and substance use disorders. Much of these data support a neurodevelopmental effect,
however, predisposing genetic and/or environmental factors cannot be excluded from human
studies. Gender specific differences have been observed in both human and animal studies
implying sex hormone and related factors may interact with cannabinoids in
neurodevelopment. Further understanding how cannabinoids influence neurodevelopment will
inform public debate about the health effects of cannabis but also open avenues in discerning
how modulation of the endocannabinoid system may assist in the development of therapeutic
tools for a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders. Copyright copyright 2006 John Wiley & Sons,
Ltd.
ISSN 0885-6222
Publication Type Journal: Review
Journal Name Human Psychopharmacology
Volume 21
Issue Part 4
Page 245-254
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication Jun 2006
COMORBIDITY 2006 <653>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006328041
Authors Taggart L. McLaughlin D. Quinn B. Milligan V.
Institution
(Taggart, McLaughlin, Quinn, Milligan) School of Nursing, University of Ulster, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Co. Antrim
BT52 1SA, United Kingdom.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
An exploration of substance misuse in people with intellectual disabilities.
Source
Journal of Intellectual Disability Research. 50(8)(pp 588-597), 2006. Date of Publication:
Aug 2006.
Abstract
Background: Little is known about the characteristics of people with intellectual disabilities
(IDs) who misuse substances and how such problems impinge upon their well-being. The aim
of this paper is to describe how alcohol and drugs affect the health of people with IDs.
Methods: A questionnaire was forwarded to all the community ID teams and mainstream
addiction teams across Northern Ireland: 67 substance users with IDs and substantial
substance-related problems were identified. Results: Alcohol was found to be the main
substance to be misused, with one-fifth of the substance users also found to be using a
combination of illicit drugs and/or prescribed medication. Nearly three-quarters of the sample
were found to be hazardously using alcohol for more than 5 years. Being male and young,
having a borderline/mild ID, living independently and having a mental health problem were
found to be risk factors for developing a 'substance related problem'. Various problematic
behaviours were identified, including aggression, erratic mood changes, sexual exploitation,
difficulties in maintaining relationships and loss of daily routine. Conclusions: The findings of
this study suggest that greater emphasis needs to be placed upon the early identification of
this hidden population by primary and secondary healthcare personnel, and also ID
personnel. Such early identification may also diminish the long-established patterns of use
and associated related-behaviours that have been reported within this paper. copyright 2006
The Authors. Journal Compilation copyright 2006 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
ISSN 0964-2633
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Journal of Intellectual Disability Research
Volume 50
Issue Part 8
Page 588-597
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication Aug 2006
COMORBIDITY 2006 <663>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006316822
Authors Davidson L. Chinman M. Sells D. Rowe M.
Institution
(Davidson, Sells, Rowe) Program for Recovery and Community Health, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University
School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
(Chinman) VISN-22 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, West Los Angeles VA Healthcare
Center,
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Peer support among adults with serious mental illness: A report from the field.
Source
Schizophrenia Bulletin. 32(3)(pp 443-450), 2006. Date of Publication: Jul 2006.
Abstract
Peer support is based on the belief that people who have faced, endured, and overcome
adversity can offer useful support, encouragement, hope, and perhaps mentorship to others
facing similar situations. While this belief is well accepted for many conditions, such as
addiction, trauma, or cancer, stigma and stereotypes about mental illness have impeded
attempts on the part of people in recovery to offer such supports within the mental health
system. Beginning in the early 1990s with programs that deployed people with mental illness
to provide conventional services such as case management, opportunities for the provision
and receipt of peer support within the mental health system have proliferated rapidly across
the country as part of the emerging recovery movement. This article defines peer support as a
form of mental health care and reviews data from 4 randomized controlled trials, which
demonstrated few differences between the outcomes of conventional care when provided by
peers versus non-peers. We then consider what, if any, unique contributions can be made by
virtue of a person's history of serious mental illness and recovery and review beginning efforts
to identify and evaluate these potential valued-added components of care. We conclude by
suggesting that peer support is still early in its development as a form of mental health service
provision and encourage further exploration and evaluation of this promising, if yet unproven,
practice. copyright The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the
Maryland Psychiatric Research Center. All rights reserved.
ISSN 0586-7614
Publication Type Journal: Review
Journal Name Schizophrenia Bulletin
Volume 32
Issue Part 3
Page 443-450
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication Jul 2006
COMORBIDITY 2006 <692>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006273363
Authors Buckner J.D. Schmidt N.B. Bobadilla L. Taylor J.
Institution
(Buckner, Schmidt, Bobadilla, Taylor) Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306,
United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Social anxiety and problematic cannabis use: Evaluating the moderating role of
stress reactivity and perceived coping.
Source
Behaviour Research and Therapy. 44(7)(pp 1007-1015), 2006. Date of Publication: Jul
2006.
Abstract
Despite epidemiological reports indicating an association between social anxiety disorder
(SAD) and cannabis use disorders (CUD), there is a paucity of research exploring the nature
of this relationship. The present investigation examined potential moderators of this
relationship that are consistent with a tension-reduction model of addiction. Specifically,
physiological reactivity to stress and perceived coping with stress were evaluated as
moderators of the relation between symptoms of SAD and CUD. Physiological (SCR) and
subjective (perceived coping) responses to unpredictable white noise bursts were collected
from non-clinical participants (n = 123). Lifetime symptoms of CUD and anxiety disorders
were assessed using a structured diagnostic interview. CUD symptomatology was associated
with symptoms of SAD but not with symptoms of any other anxiety disorder. Only perceived
coping to unpredictable stimuli moderated the relationship between SAD and CUD symptoms.
Findings are discussed in the context of tension-reduction models of co-occurring social
anxiety and problematic cannabis use. copyright 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
ISSN 0005-7967
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Behaviour Research and Therapy
Volume 44
Issue Part 7
Page 1007-1015
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication Jul 2006
COMORBIDITY 2006 <707>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006268008
Authors Potvin S. Pampoulova T. Mancini-Marie A. Lipp O. Bouchard R.-H. Stip E.
Institution
(Potvin, Pampoulova, Mancini-Marie, Stip) Centre de Recherche Fernand-Seguin, Hopital Louis-H Lafontaine,
Montreal, Que., Canada.
(Potvin, Pampoulova, Mancini-Marie, Lipp, Stip) Hopital Louis-H Lafontaine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Que.,
Canada.
(Bouchard) Centre de Recherche, Universite Laval Robert-Giffard, Quebec, Que., Canada.
(Stip) Centre de Recherche Fernand-Seguin, 7331, rue Hochelaga, Montreal, Que. H1N 3V2, Canada.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Increased extrapyramidal symptoms in patients with schizophrenia and a comorbid
substance use disorder.
Source
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry. 77(6)(pp 796-798), 2006. Date of
Publication: Jun 2006.
Abstract
Few data have been gathered about the impact of psychoactive substances on
extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) in schizophrenia, and so far, inconsistent results have been
reported. We studied 41 outpatients with schizophrenia (based on DSM-IV criteria), who were
divided into two groups: with (n = 17) and without (n = 24) a substance use disorder (alcohol,
cannabis, and/or cocaine). Both groups were matched for sociodemographic data and
psychiatric symptoms (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale). EPS were evaluated with the
Extrapyramidal Symptoms Rating Scale and the Barnes Akathisia Scale, and all patients were
stable on either quetiapine or clozapine. Patients receiving anti-cholinergic drugs were
excluded. Analyses of variance were conducted on both groups and showed that
schizophrenia patients with a comorbid substance use disorder (especially cocaine) displayed
more EPS compared with non-abusing patients.
ISSN 0022-3050
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry
Volume 77
Issue Part 6
Page 796-798
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication Jun 2006
COMORBIDITY 2006 <709>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006263048
Authors Eby G.A. Eby K.L.
Institution
(Eby, Eby) George Eby Research, 14909-C Fitzhugh Road, Austin, TX 78736, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Rapid recovery from major depression using magnesium treatment.
Source
Medical Hypotheses. 67(2)(pp 362-370), 2006. Date of Publication: 2006.
Abstract
Major depression is a mood disorder characterized by a sense of inadequacy, despondency,
decreased activity, pessimism, anhedonia and sadness where these symptoms severely
disrupt and adversely affect the person's life, sometimes to such an extent that suicide is
attempted or results. Antidepressant drugs are not always effective and some have been
accused of causing an increased number of suicides particularly in young people. Magnesium
deficiency is well known to produce neuropathologies. Only 16% of the magnesium found in
whole wheat remains in refined flour, and magnesium has been removed from most drinking
water supplies, setting a stage for human magnesium deficiency. Magnesium ions regulate
calcium ion flow in neuronal calcium channels, helping to regulate neuronal nitric oxide
production. In magnesium deficiency, neuronal requirements for magnesium may not be met,
causing neuronal damage which could manifest as depression. Magnesium treatment is
hypothesized to be effective in treating major depression resulting from intraneuronal
magnesium deficits. These magnesium ion neuronal deficits may be induced by stress
hormones, excessive dietary calcium as well as dietary deficiencies of magnesium. Case
histories are presented showing rapid recovery (less than 7 days) from major depression
using 125-300 mg of magnesium (as glycinate and taurinate) with each meal and at bedtime.
Magnesium was found usually effective for treatment of depression in general use. Related
and accompanying mental illnesses in these case histories including traumatic brain injury,
headache, suicidal ideation, anxiety, irritability, insomnia, postpartum depression, cocaine,
alcohol and tobacco abuse, hypersensitivity to calcium, short-term memory loss and IQ loss
were also benefited. Dietary deficiencies of magnesium, coupled with excess calcium and
stress may cause many cases of other related symptoms including agitation, anxiety,
irritability, confusion, asthenia, sleeplessness, headache, delirium, hallucinations and
hyperexcitability, with each of these having been previously documented. The possibility that
magnesium deficiency is the cause of most major depression and related mental health
problems including IQ loss and addiction is enormously important to public health and is
recommended for immediate further study. Fortifying refined grain and drinking water with
biologically available magnesium to pre-twentieth century levels is recommended. copyright
2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
ISSN 0306-9877
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Medical Hypotheses
Volume 67
Issue Part 2
Page 362-370
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication 2006
COMORBIDITY 2006 <711>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006262064
Authors Tiet Q.Q. Ilgen M.A. Byrnes H.F. Moos R.H.
Institution
(Tiet, Ilgen, Byrnes, Moos) Center for Health Care Evaluation, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, CA,
United States.
(Tiet) Center for Health Care Evaluation, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, 795 Willow Road (MPD-152), Menlo
Park, CA 94025, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Suicide attempts among substance use disorder patients: An initial step toward a
decision tree for suicide management.
Source
Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 30(6)(pp 998-1005), 2006. Date of
Publication: Jun 2006.
Abstract
Background: Little empirical data are available to develop profiles of patients who attempt
suicide or to formulate a decision tree for suicide management. This study identifies profiles of
patients who have a high risk of suicide attempt and takes a first step toward developing a
decision tree to classify high-risk patients. Methods: Based on a cross-sectional, nationwide
cohort of substance use disorder patients (N=34,251) in 150 Veterans Affairs (VA) facilities, a
total of 5,671 patients who reported suicidal ideation in the 30 days before intake assessment
were included in receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses to identify the 30-day risk
of an actual suicide attempt. Clinical diagnostic and Addiction Severity Index interview data
were used. Results: Results provide an initial decision tree to classify high-risk patients with
sensitivity ranging from 0.33 to 0.89, and specificity, from 0.42 to 0.87. The factors included in
the decision tree encompass history of prior suicide attempts, current drinking to intoxication,
current cocaine use, first occasion of suicidal ideation, and difficulty controlling violent
behavior. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to use empirical data to
provide information to eventually establish a decision tree for clinical management of patients
with suicidal ideation. The findings show that profiles of patients who are at high risk of
suicide attempts can be effectively identified using ROC, with relatively good sensitivity and
specificity. Copyright copyright 2006 by the Research Society on Alcoholism.
ISSN 0145-6008
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research
Volume 30
Issue Part 6
Page 998-1005
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication Jun 2006
COMORBIDITY 2006 <719>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006245100
Authors Cahill C.M. Malhi G.S. Ivanovski B. Lagopoulos J. Cohen M.
Institution
(Malhi) School of Psychiatry, UNSW, Mood Disorders Unit, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia.
(Cahill) University of New South Wales, School of Psychiatry, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
(Ivanovski) Black Dog Institute, Mood Disorders Unit, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
(Lagopoulos) Prince of Wales Medical Research Institute, Department of Neurology, Westmead Hospital,
Westmead, NSW, Australia.
(Lagopoulos) Neuroscience Research Group, Mayne Clinical Research Imaging Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
(Cohen) Centre for Mental Health Studies, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Cognitive compromise in bipolar disorder with chronic cannabis use: Cause or
consequence?
Source
Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics. 6(4)(pp 591-598), 2006. Date of Publication: Apr 2006.
Abstract
This article briefly reviews the neuropsychological deficits associated with bipolar disorder
and examines how substance abuse, in particular chronic cannabis use, may contribute to
these. The focus of the article is cannabis, owing to its popularity in patients with bipolar
disorder, although many studies focus on its use in conjunction with other substances. The
findings are contextualized within bipolar disorder, examining functional outcome. copyright
2006 Future Drugs Ltd.
ISSN 1473-7175
Publication Type Journal: Review
Journal Name Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics
Volume 6
Issue Part 4
Page 591-598
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication Apr 2006
COMORBIDITY 2006 <721>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006241593
Authors Timko C. Chen S. Sempel J. Barnett P.
Institution
(Timko, Chen, Sempel, Barnett) VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Center for Health Care Evaluation, Menlo Park,
CA, United States.
(Timko) VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Center for Health Care Evaluation, 795 Willow Road (152-MPD), Menlo
Park, CA 94025, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Dual diagnosis patients in community or hospital care: One-year outcomes and health
care utilization and costs.
Source
Journal of Mental Health. 15(2)(pp 163-177), 2006. Date of Publication: Apr 2006.
Abstract
Background: Services for dual diagnosis patients are strained by reductions in hospitalbased inpatient treatment facilities and the lengths of inpatient stays in order to reduce health
care costs. Aims: This study evaluated the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of
community- and hospital-based acute residential treatment for dually disordered patients, and
whether moderately-ill patients benefitted more from community care, and severely-ill patients
from hospital care. Method: Patients (N = 230) with dual substance use and psychiatric
disorders were randomly assigned to community or hospital acute care programs that had the
same level of service-intensity. They were followed for 1 year (80%) using the Addiction
Severity Index. Patients' health care utilization was assessed from charts, VA databases, and
health care diaries; costs were assigned using methods established by the VA Health
Economics Resource Center. Results: Patients had better substance use outcomes when
they were initially assigned to community rather than to hospital acute care. Patients assigned
to hospital care had shorter index stays, but these index stays were more costly than were the
longer index stays of patients assigned to community care. Patients assigned to hospital care
also had more mental health follow-up outpatient visits, and more costly mental health followup stays, over the study year. Conclusions: Cost savings may be achieved without loss of
benefit to all but the most decompensated dually disordered patients by shifting the locus of
acute treatment from hospital to community care. Declaration of interest: This research was
supported by the Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health Administration, Health
Services Research and Development Service. We thank Rudolf Moos for his valuable
contributions to this study. copyright Shadowfax Publishing and Taylor & Francis.
ISSN 0963-8237
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Journal of Mental Health
Volume 15
Issue Part 2
Page 163-177
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication Apr 2006
COMORBIDITY 2006 <726>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006236607
Authors Miller P.M. Johnstone E. Lawrie S.M. Owens D.G.C.
Institution
(Miller, Johnstone, Lawrie, Owens) University of Edinburgh, Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital,
Morningside Park, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, United Kingdom.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Substance use, psychiatric symptoms and the onset of schizophrenic illness.
Source
Journal of Substance Use. 11(2)(pp 101-113), 2006. Date of Publication: Apr 2006.
Abstract
Aims: To examine the effect of frequent cannabis use at various times during the lifetime
upon the development of psychotic symptoms and of schizophrenia. Design: Cannabis use
was examined within the Edinburgh High Risk Study (EHRS), a prospective study of young
people at enhanced genetic risk for schizophrenia. Participants: High risk and control subjects
of the EHRS. Measurements: Childhood Behaviour Checklist; sub-scales of the Present State
Examination; self report of substances use, particularly of cannabis. Findings: Within the
group at high genetic risk, there was a strong association between illness onset and frequent
cannabis use just prior to onset. Cannabis use at earlier times showed no such association.
The effect, however, was considerably weakened once various childhood behaviours,
particularly social withdrawal and aggressiveness, were taken into account. Those who fell ill
with schizophrenia and who used cannabis frequently showed higher levels of some
symptoms than those who fell ill and did not use cannabis frequently. Conclusions: Social
problems and aggressiveness aged between 13 and 16 mostly account for both cannabis use
and illness onset. Heavy use is, however, associated with high levels of symptoms and may
act as a trigger carrying a vulnerable person over a threshold into psychotic illness. copyright
2006 Taylor & Francis.
ISSN 1465-9891
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Journal of Substance Use
Volume 11
Issue Part 2
Page 101-113
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication Apr 2006
COMORBIDITY 2006 <746>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006225211
Authors Fridell M. Hesse M. Johnson E.
Institution
(Fridell) Department of Psychology, Lund University, Sweden.
(Hesse) Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Aarhus University, Copenhagen, Denmark.
(Johnson) School of Social Work, Lund University, Sweden.
(Hesse) Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Aarhus University, Kobmagergade 37, 2. tv. 1150 Copenhagen K.,
Denmark.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
High prognostic specificity of antisocial personality disorder in patients with drug
dependence: Results from a five-year follow-up.
Source
American Journal on Addictions. 15(3)(pp 227-232), 2006. Date of Publication: 01 Jul 2006.
Abstract
A sample of 125 consecutive patients from a Swedish detoxification unit were followed up at
five years. Register data on criminal behavior were retrieved for 99% of all subjects, including
those who were deceased at follow-up, and 76% of living subjects were interviewed. A
diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) at intake was associated with
incarceration, continuous drug use, dependence on welfare support, and fulfilling criteria of
adult ASPD at follow-up. Regardless of ASPD status, a decline was seen in drug-related
convictions, but subjects with ASPD were found to continue to commit other crimes. Copyright
copyright American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry.
ISSN 1055-0496
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name American Journal on Addictions
Volume 15
Issue Part 3
Page 227-232
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication 01 Jul 2006
COMORBIDITY 2006 <757>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006207062
Authors Conason A.H. Brunstein Klomek A. Sher L.
Institution
(Conason, Sher) Division of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive,
New York, NY 10032, United States.
(Brunstein Klomek) Division Child Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive,
New York, NY 10032, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Recognizing alcohol and drug abuse in patients with eating disorders.
Source
QJM - Monthly Journal of the Association of Physicians. 99(5)(pp 335-339), 2006. Date of
Publication: May 2006.
Abstract
Eating disorders and alcohol/drug abuse are frequently comorbid. Eating-disordered patients
are already at an increased risk for morbidity and mortality, so alcohol and drug use pose
additional dangers for these patients. Restricting anorexics, binge eaters, and bulimics appear
to be distinct subgroups within the eating-disordered population, with binge eaters and
bulimics more prone to alcohol and drug use. Personality traits such as impulsivity have been
linked to both bulimia nervosa and substance abuse. Many researchers have proposed that
an addictive personality is an underlying trait that predisposes individuals to both eating
disorders and alcohol abuse. Interviewing is generally the most useful tool in diagnosing
alcohol and substance abuse disorders in individuals with eating disorders. It is essential for
the physician to be non-judgmental when assessing for substance abuse disorders in this
population. We discuss interviewing techniques, screening instruments, physical examination,
and biological tests that can be used in evaluating patients with comorbid eating disorders
and substance abuse. More studies are needed to understand psychobiological mechanisms
of this comorbidity, and to develop treatments for individuals with comorbid eating disorders
and substance misuse. copyright 2006 Oxford University Press.
ISSN 1460-2725
Publication Type Journal: Note
Journal Name QJM - Monthly Journal of the Association of Physicians
Volume 99
Issue Part 5
Page 335-339
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication May 2006
COMORBIDITY 2006 <760>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006201625
Authors Thorberg F.A. Lyvers M.
Institution
(Lyvers) Department of Psychology, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4229, Australia.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Negative Mood Regulation (NMR) expectancies, mood, and affect intensity among
clients in substance disorder treatment facilities.
Source
Addictive Behaviors. 31(5)(pp 811-820), 2006. Date of Publication: May 2006.
Abstract
Negative mood regulation (NMR) expectancies, stress, anxiety, depression and affect
intensity were examined by means of self-report questionnaires in 158 volunteers, including
99 clients enrolled in addiction treatment programs. As expected, addicts reported
significantly higher levels of stress, anxiety, depression and affect intensity and lower levels of
NMR compared to non-addict controls. NMR was negatively correlated with stress, anxiety,
depression and affect intensity. The findings indicate that mood self-regulation is impaired in
addicts. Low NMR and high affect intensity may predispose to substance abuse and
addiction, or alternatively may reflect chronic drug-induced affective dysregulation. copyright
2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
ISSN 0306-4603
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Addictive Behaviors
Volume 31
Issue Part 5
Page 811-820
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication May 2006
COMORBIDITY 2006 <777>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006181541
Authors Asmundson G.J.G. Taylor S. Bovell C.V. Collimore K.
Institution
(Asmundson, Bovell, Collimore) University of Regina, Anxiety and Illness Behaviors Laboratory (Kinesiology and
Health Studies), Department of Psychology, Regina, Sask. S4S 0A2, Canada.
(Taylor) University of British Columbia, Department of Psychiatry, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A1, Canada.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Strategies for managing symptoms of anxiety.
Source
Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics. 6(2)(pp 213-222), 2006. Date of Publication: Feb
2006.
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to summarize strategies for effectively managing the symptoms
of anxiety. The distinction between the cognitive, physiological and behavioral components of
fear and anxiety is explained and various treatment targets are outlined. Empiricallysupported strategies that are effective in alleviating common symptoms of anxiety are
reviewed. These include various forms of psychosocial intervention (i.e., cognitive and
behavioral therapies), pharmacotherapy, in addition combined treatment approaches. Expert
consensus guidelines, prognostic factors, patient preferences and accessibility issues are
discussed with regard to treatment selection in addition to emerging challenges in the field
and future research directions. copyright 2006 Future Drugs Ltd.
ISSN 1473-7175
Publication Type Journal: Review
Journal Name Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics
Volume 6
Issue Part 2
Page 213-222
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication Feb 2006
COMORBIDITY 2006 <782>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006174437
Authors Wilk J. West J.C. Rae D.S. Regier D.A.
Institution
(Wilk, West, Rae, Regier) Practice Research Network, American Psychiatric Institute for Research and Education,
Washington, DC, United States.
(Wilk) American Psychiatric Institute for Research and Education, 1000 Wilson Blvd, Arlington, VA 22209, United
States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Relationship of comorbid substance and alcohol use disorders to disability among
patients in routine psychiatric practice.
Source
American Journal on Addictions. 15(2)(pp 180-185), 2006. Date of Publication: 01 May
2006.
Abstract
The primary aim of this study was to present data on the relationship of mental and
comorbid substance use disorders to work disability and functioning in routine psychiatric
practice in the United States. Data were used from the 1997 and 1999 American Psychiatric
Institute for Research and Education's Practice Research Network Study of Psychiatric
Patients and Treatments, totaling 754 psychiatrists and 3,088 patients. Results found patients
with comorbid substance use disorders had significantly higher rates of work disability. These
findings highlight the critical need to address the disturbing lack of substance use treatment
and rehabilitation services for this population. Copyright copyright American Academy of
Addiction Psychiatry.
ISSN 1055-0496
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name American Journal on Addictions
Volume 15
Issue Part 2
Page 180-185
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication 01 May 2006
COMORBIDITY 2006 <784>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006174435
Authors Stuyt E.B. Sajbel T.A. Allen M.H.
Institution
(Stuyt, Sajbel) Circle Program, Colorado Mental Health Institute at Pueblo (CMHIP), Pueblo, CO, United States.
(Stuyt, Allen) Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO, United States.
(Stuyt) Circle Program, Colorado Mental Health Institute at Pueblo, 1600 W. 24th Street, Pueblo, CO 81003, United
States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Differing effects of antipsychotic medications on substance abuse treatment patients
with co-occurring psychotic and substance abuse disorders.
Source
American Journal on Addictions. 15(2)(pp 166-173), 2006. Date of Publication: 01 May
2006.
Abstract
This retrospective study of patients treated in a ninety-day, inpatient, dual-diagnosis
treatment program examined antipsychotic effectiveness in this population using length of
stay in treatment and successful program completion as outcome measures. All patients with
co-occurring substance dependence and schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder treated
with olanzapine, risperidone, ziprasidone, and typical depot neuroleptics from January 2001
to December 2003 (N = 55) are the subjects of this study. Patients stayed longer in treatment
when taking risperidone (82 +/- 19 days) or ziprasidone (74 +/- 21 days) compared with
olanzapine (44 +/- 30 days) or typicals (47 +/- 36 days). Eighty-eight percent of risperidone
patients and 64% of ziprasidone patients successfully completed the program, while only 33%
of olanzapine patients and 40% of patients on typicals successfully completed the program.
Risperidone and ziprasidone were associated with significantly better program performance
than olanzapine or depot typicals in this population. Possible reasons for this difference are
discussed. Copyright copyright American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry.
ISSN 1055-0496
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name American Journal on Addictions
Volume 15
Issue Part 2
Page 166-173
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication 01 May 2006
COMORBIDITY 2006 <788>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006174431
Authors Fossey M.D. Otto M.W. Yates W.R. Wisniewski S.R. Gyulai L. Allen M.H. Miklowitz D.J. Coon K.A. Ostacher
M.J. Neel J.L. Thase M.E. Sachs G.S. Weiss R.D.
Institution
(Fossey, Yates, Coon) Department of Psychiatry, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine - Tulsa, Tulsa, OK,
United States.
(Otto) Department of Psychology, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States.
(Wisniewski, Thase) University of Pittsburgh, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
(Gyulai) Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
(Allen, Miklowitz) Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO, United
States.
(Miklowitz) Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States.
(Ostacher, Sachs, Weiss) Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
(Ostacher, Sachs) Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.
(Neel) Oklahoma State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Tulsa, OK, United States.
(Weiss) McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States.
(Fossey) Department of Psychiatry, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine - Tulsa, 4502 East 41st Street,
Tulsa, OK 74135, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Validity of the distinction between primary and secondary substance use disorder in
patients with bipolar disorder: Data from the first 1000 STEP-BD participants.
Source
American Journal on Addictions. 15(2)(pp 138-143), 2006. Date of Publication: 01 May
2006.
Abstract
The validity of a primary/secondary substance use disorder (SUD) distinction was evaluated
in the first 1000 patients enrolled in the Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for
Bipolar Disorder. Patients with primary SUD (n = 116) were compared with those with
secondary SUD (n = 275) on clinical course variables. Patients with secondary SUD had
fewer days of euthymia, more episodes of mania and depression, and a greater history of
suicide attempts. These findings were fully explained by variations in age of onset of bipolar
disorder. The order of onset of SUDs was not linked to bipolar outcomes when age of onset of
bipolar disorder was statistically controlled. The primary/secondary distinction for SUD is not
valid when variations in the age of onset of the non-SUD are linked to course characteristics.
Copyright copyright American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry.
ISSN 1055-0496
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name American Journal on Addictions
Volume 15
Issue Part 2
Page 138-143
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication 01 May 2006
COMORBIDITY 2006 <789>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006174430
Authors Feske U. Tarter R.E. Kirisci L. Pilkonis P.A.
Institution
(Feske, Pilkonis) Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA,
United States.
(Tarter, Kirisci) School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
(Feske) Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 3811 O'Hara St.,
Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Borderline personality and substance use in women.
Source
American Journal on Addictions. 15(2)(pp 131-137), 2006. Date of Publication: 01 May
2006.
Abstract
The association between borderline personality disorder (BPD) and substance use disorder
(SUD) was examined in a predominantly psychiatric (77.6%) sample of 232 women. BPD
proved to be a significant predictor of a lifetime diagnosis of SUD across four different
categories: any SUD (including alcohol); alcohol use; drug use; and heroin, cocaine, or polysubstance use. BPD continued to be a predictor of SUD even when the effects of other
cluster B and all cluster C PDs were controlled statistically. Antisocial personality disorder
generally yielded larger odds ratios than BPD and emerged as a partial mediator of the
relation between BPD and SUD. Histrionic PD was the only other PD that showed meaningful
relations with SUD. Copyright copyright American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry.
ISSN 1055-0496
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name American Journal on Addictions
Volume 15
Issue Part 2
Page 131-137
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication 01 May 2006
COMORBIDITY 2006 <790>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006174429
Authors Carra G. Clerici M.
Institution
(Carra) Department of Mental Health Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, United
Kingdom.
(Clerici) Department of Psychiatry, San Paolo's Hospital Medical School, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
(Carra) Department of Mental Health Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, Wolfson
Building, 48 Riding House Street, London, W1W 7EY, United Kingdom.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Dual diagnosis - Policy and practice in Italy.
Source
American Journal on Addictions. 15(2)(pp 125-130), 2006. Date of Publication: 01 May
2006.
Abstract
In Italy, dual diagnosis issues are affected by distinctive historical pathways. Since the end
of the 1970s, the addiction field has been starved of psychiatric contribution, with the
emphasis being on a pedagogical model of substance-related disorders and a bio-psychosocial model for mental health. As such, dual diagnosis treatment, service models, and
research have only been developed in the last fifteen years. Substantial training needs with
regard to dual diagnosis are identified in addiction and mental health professionals, and new
graduate and undergraduate programs are required. Further research is needed as well as an
evidence-based health policy from national and regional government. Copyright copyright
American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry.
ISSN 1055-0496
Publication Type Journal: Review
Journal Name American Journal on Addictions
Volume 15
Issue Part 2
Page 125-130
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication 01 May 2006
COMORBIDITY 2006 <817>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006145585
Authors Denson T.F. Earleywine M.
Institution
(Denson) University of Southern California, Seeley G. Mudd Building, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1061, United States.
(Earleywine) University at Albany, State University of New York, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Decreased depression in marijuana users.
Source
Addictive Behaviors. 31(4)(pp 738-742), 2006. Date of Publication: Apr 2006.
Abstract
Over 4400 adult internet users completed The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression
scale and measures of marijuana use. We employed an internet survey in an effort to recruit
the most depressed and marijuana-involved participants, including those who might prove
unwilling to travel to the laboratory or discuss drug use on the phone or in person. We
compared those who consumed marijuana daily, once a week or less, or never in their lives.
Despite comparable ranges of scores on all depression subscales, those who used once per
week or less had less depressed mood, more positive affect, and fewer somatic complaints
than non-users. Daily users reported less depressed mood and more positive affect than nonusers. The three groups did not differ on interpersonal symptoms. Separate analyses for
medical vs. recreational users demonstrated that medical users reported more depressed
mood and more somatic complaints than recreational users, suggesting that medical
conditions clearly contribute to depression scores and should be considered in studies of
marijuana and depression. These data suggest that adults apparently do not increase their
risk for depression by using marijuana. copyright 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
ISSN 0306-4603
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Addictive Behaviors
Volume 31
Issue Part 4
Page 738-742
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication Apr 2006
COMORBIDITY 2006 <844>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006122550
Authors Potvin S. Sepehry A.A. Stip E.
Institution
(Potvin, Sepehry, Stip) Centre de Recherche Fernand-Seguin, Hopital Louis-H Lafontaine, University of Montreal,
7331 rue Hochelaga, Montreal, Que. H1N 3V2, Canada.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
A meta-analysis of negative symptoms in dual diagnosis schizophrenia.
Source
Psychological Medicine. 36(4)(pp 431-440), 2006. Date of Publication: Apr 2006.
Abstract
Background. According to the self-medication hypothesis, schizophrenia patients would
abuse psychoactive substances to get a relief from their negative symptoms. Studies testing
the self-medication hypothesis in dual diagnosis9(DD) schizophrenia have not been
conclusive, with some studies showing that DD patients experience fewer negative
symptoms, whereas other studies have failed to detect such differences. One potential
confounding factor for this discrepancy lies in the diverse scales used to evaluate the
negative symptoms. A systematic quantitative review of the literature using computerized
search engines has been undertaken. Method. Studies were retained in the analysis if: (i)
they assessed negative symptoms using the SANS; (ii) groups of schizophrenia patients were
divided according to substance use disorders (alcohol, amphetamines, cannabis, cocaine,
hallucinogens, heroin and phencyclidine). Results. Attainable published studies were
screened. According to our inclusion criteria, 18 possible studies emerged. Data from 11
studies were available for mathematical analysis. A moderate effect size (total n=1135, 451
DD, 684 single diagnosis, adjusted Hedges'g=-0.470, p=0.00001) was obtained, within a
random-effect model, suggesting that DD patients experience fewer negative symptoms.
Groups did not differ in age, sex, and positive/general psychopathology. Conclusions. Using
narrow criteria (e.g. SANS), the results of this meta-analysis show that schizophrenia patients
with a substance use disorder experience fewer negative symptoms than abstinent
schizophrenia patients. As such, these results suggest either that substance abuse relieves
the negative symptoms of schizophrenia or that the patients with fewer negative symptoms
would be more prone to substance use disorders. copyright 2005 Cambridge University
Press.
ISSN 0033-2917
Publication Type Journal: Review
Journal Name Psychological Medicine
Volume 36
Issue Part 4
Page 431-440
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication Apr 2006
COMORBIDITY 2006 <872>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006112689
Authors Prasant M.P. Mattoo S.K. Basu D.
Institution
(Prasant, Mattoo, Basu) Drug De-addiction and Treatment Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute
of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
(Basu) Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER),
Chandigarh -160012, India.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Substance use and other psychiatric disorders in first-degree relatives of opioiddependent males: A case - Controlled study from India.
Source
Addiction. 101(3)(pp 413-419), 2006. Date of Publication: Mar 2006.
Abstract
Aim: To assess the prevalence of substance use and other psychiatric disorders in firstdegree relatives of males with opioid dependence compared to normal controls. Design:
Observational, case-control study using family history method. Setting: A drug addiction
treatment centre in northern India. Participants: First-degree relatives of 100 male probands
with opioid dependence and no comorbidity (n Combining double low line 493) and those of
50 matched probands from normal population (n Combining double low line 254).
Measurement: Family interview of probands and family members, using the Family Interview
for Genetic Studies. The main outcome measure was relative risk (expressed as odds ratio
after controlling for confounding variables using logistic regression) of familial aggregation of
psychiatric and substance use disorders. Findings: First-degree relatives of opioid-dependent
males were more likely to have a psychiatric disorder than those of normal controls [adjusted
odds ratio (OR) 4.47; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.97-10.11; P < 0.001], especially for
opioid use disorders in the brothers (adjusted OR 6.55; 95% CI 1.44-29.88; P Combining
double low line 0.015) and for alcohol use disorders in the fathers of the probands (adjusted
OR 5.64; 95% CI 2.39-13.24; P < 0.001). Other disorders (major depression, chronic
psychosis and obsessive compulsive disorder) did not have significant aggregation in the firstdegree relatives of opioid-dependent subjects. Conclusions: This study provides further
evidence for the higher rates of alcohol and opioid dependence in first-degree relatives of
opioid-dependent patients. The exact pattern of this familial aggregation may be influenced by
the gender of the relatives and their relation to the proband. copyright 2006 The Authors.
ISSN 0965-2140
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Addiction
Volume 101
Issue Part 3
Page 413-419
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication Mar 2006
COMORBIDITY 2006 <891>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006110480
Authors O'Connell J. Novins D.K. Beals J. Croy C. Baron A.E. Spicer P. Buchwald D.
Institution
(O'Connell, Novins, Beals, Croy, Baron, Spicer) American Indian and Alaska Native Programs, Department of
Psychiatry, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO, United States.
(Buchwald) Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.
(O'Connell) American Indian and Alaska Native Programs, MS F800, PO Box 6508, Aurora, CO 80045-0508, United
States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
The relationship between patterns of alcohol use and mental and physical health
disorders in two American Indian populations.
Source
Addiction. 101(1)(pp 69-83), 2006. Date of Publication: Jan 2006.
Abstract
Aims: First, define alcohol use categories among two reservation-based American Indian
(AI) populations based on the relationship between alcohol consumption and dependence.
Secondly, examine associations between the alcohol use categories and other indicators of
health status. Design, participants and measurements: Epidemiological data on 1287 AIs
aged 18-57 years who consumed alcohol during the past year. CHAID tree analysis, a
hierarchical partitioning method, was used to analyze alcohol quantity (highest number of
drinks consumed during 1 day) and frequency (number of days drank during the past month)
data to define quantity-frequency categories distinguished by differing rates of alcohol
dependence. Multivariate analyses assessed relationships between the alcohol use
categories thus identified and a number of health outcomes. Findings: People who reported
drinking 12 or more drinks during 1 day and more than 4 days a month had the highest
prevalence of alcohol dependence. Among the males who drank > 18 drinks the prevalence
was 42.12% and among females who drank 12 or more drinks, 44.58%. The prevalence
among males who drank > 18 drinks yet drank less frequently was also high (24.06%).
Although findings differed by gender, drinkers in the highest risk category for alcohol
dependence were most likely to report drug use disorders, mood/anxiety disorders, alcoholrelated physical disorders and lower quality of life. Conclusions: The quantity thresholds
defined to identify AIs at highest risk for alcohol dependence in this study differed by gender
and were higher than typically reported for non-AIs. They are consistent with previous findings
regarding the pattern of high-quantity, low-frequency alcohol consumption among AIs residing
on reservations. copyright 2006 Society for the Study of Addiction.
ISSN 0965-2140
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Addiction
Volume 101
Issue Part 1
Page 69-83
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication Jan 2006
COMORBIDITY 2006 <907>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006094598
Authors Tomlinson K.L. Tate S.R. Anderson K.G. McCarthy D.M. Brown S.A.
Institution
(Tomlinson, Tate, Anderson, Brown) University of California, San Diego, CA, United States.
(Tate, Brown) Veterans Affairs, San Diego Healthcare System, United States.
(McCarthy) University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.
(Brown) Department of Psychology (0109), University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA
92093 0109, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
An examination of self-medication and rebound effects: Psychiatric symptomatology
before and after alcohol or drug relapse.
Source
Addictive Behaviors. 31(3)(pp 461-474), 2006. Date of Publication: Mar 2006.
Abstract
This study evaluated psychiatric symptoms preceding and following initial posttreatment
substance use episodes. 125 veterans meeting DSM-IV criteria for alcohol, cannabis, and/or
stimulant dependence at treatment entry were followed with quarterly interviews for one year.
Approximately half of the sample met criteria for substance use disorders only (n = 65; SUDonly) and half additionally met criteria for an independent non-substance related Axis I
disorder (n = 60; SUD-PSY). SUD-PSY adults reported more psychiatric symptoms preceding
and following substance use compared to SUD-only adults. Depression and anxiety
symptoms were commonly reported by both groups. Symptoms typically did not change or
worsened after substance use, with depression worsening more than anxiety or psychotic
symptoms. Findings are discussed in relation to the Self-Medication Hypothesis and the
Rebound Hypothesis. copyright 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
ISSN 0306-4603
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Addictive Behaviors
Volume 31
Issue Part 3
Page 461-474
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication Mar 2006
COMORBIDITY 2006 <925>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006072143
Authors Agosti V. Levin F.R.
Institution
(Agosti) Department of Psychiatry, Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States.
(Agosti) Depression Evaluation Service, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States.
(Levin) Substance Use Research Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States.
(Agosti) New York State Psychiatric Institute, Depression Evaluation Service, Box 51, New York, NY 10032, United
States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
The effects of alcohol and drug dependence on the course of depression.
Source
American Journal on Addictions. 15(1)(pp 71-75), 2006. Date of Publication: 2006.
Abstract
There is a paucity of epidemiological data regarding the effects of substance use
dependence (SUD) on the course of depression. This study analyzed data from the National
Comorbidity Survey (NCS). Among respondents with life-time SUD and unipolar depression,
current SUD increased the risk (OR = 2.9) of past year depression and anxiety disorders (OR
= 2.2). Copyright copyright American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry.
ISSN 1055-0496
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name American Journal on Addictions
Volume 15
Issue Part 1
Page 71-75
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication 2006