Download Final World History Study Guide

Final World History Study Guide
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The declaration of independence gave rights of governance to the people
Elizabeth I faced a Spanish attempt to restore Catholicism to England
The selling of slaves from Africa became known as the triangle trade
Mary Tudor’s biggest efforts in England were her attempts to make England Catholic
Cardinal Richelieu believed in a strong monarchy
The First Continental Congress call for full rights of British citizens for colonists
Elizabeth’s biggest domestic problem was the Puritans, who wanted to reform the Anglican
Church
The Thirty Years’ War was fought to reduce the power of the Holy Roman Empire
Oliver Cromwell was leader of the Roundheads (Puritans)
The Hohenzollerns gained power by unifying German states
Mary Wollstonecraft argued that Enlightenment ideas should apply to women
Jean-Baptiste Colbert’s most important contribution was to the French economy
Rationalists thinkers believed in the scientific method and logic
John Locke believed that people’s individual rights should be protected by a gov’t
The Holy Roman Empire could best be described as diverse and conflicted
Other countries felt that France’s expansionist goals upset the balance of power
In a limited constitutional monarchy, the monarch had to consult with Parliament
The Pragmatic Sanction allowed Marie Theresa to inherit Habsburg lands
Catherine the Great’s main accomplishment was expansion to the Black Sea and into Asia
The British expanded into North America under the guide of John Cabot
Peter the Great did all of the following: strengthened the army, took over the Orthodox church,
achieved an alliance with the Ottoman Turks
Athenians believed in spending money on public buildings
Archaeologists learn about ancient people by studying artifacts
Under the rule of Cleisthenes, Athens established a direct democracy
Paleolithic means ancient stone
In Sparta, the ephors made sure the king stayed within the law
Understanding that food could be grown from seeds marked the beginning of the Neolithic
Agricultural Revolution
Spartan half-citizens were free but had no political power
Permanent settlements generally required a form of government
City-states run by groups of nobles were known as aristocracies
Trade between cultures led to cultural diffusion
The purpose of the Olympic games was to honor Zeus
History basically begins when people start to keep records
The Iliad tells the story of the Trojan War
Egyptians could move goods up the Nile because it flowed from south to north
The Earliest known Greek civilization were the Minoans
Ethical monotheism is a system of beliefs based on one god
The Indian subcontinent is separated from the rest of Asia by the Himilayas
The Rosetta Stone was important because it helped decode hieroglyphics
The teachings of the Upanishads were passed along in the form of epics
Pariahs were outside the caste system
Commodities are goods with value for trade
The Code of Hammurabi was a group of laws
The ultimate goal of Hindus was to reach nirvana
Egyptians believed that in the afterlife, people were judged by their deeds on Earth
Siddhartha Gautama became known as the Buddha
Athenian women had no rights
The Buddha taught that the way to salvation was a life of selflessness
Italy is cut off from the rest of Europe by the Alps
Alexander desired to spread Greek culture
Sparta won the Peloponnesian War by joining forces with Persia
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Thucydides believed that history should be fair and accurate
The Parthenon was a temple to Athena
Hippocrates’s work sums up Greek science because it bases treatment on reason, not magic
Greek art broke away from Egyptian influences by using more lifelike poses
Aristotle believed that logical study led to truth
Greek art expressed its belief in simplicity and balance
Plato believed in a government ruled by an aristocracy, or an intellectual upper class
Socrates believed that students should learn to think for themselves
The Romans put Jesus to death because they feared he would lead an uprising
The engraving of Roman laws on the Twelve Tables was prompted by then plebians
Hadrian & Marcus Aurelius were part of a group known of as the five good emperors
Caesar’s government decreased the power of the Senate
The Pax Romana kept Rome stable, but reduced the power of the government
The Justinian Code preserved Roman history
The most powerful religious leader in the East was the patriarch of Constantinople
One of the great artistic achievements of Justinian ‘s rule was the development of the mosaic
The Byzantine Empire was ruled by an all powerful emperor
The council of nobles that advised princes in Kievan Russia were called boyars
Ivan III began the tradition in Russia of absolute monarchy
The Pravda Russkia’s system of punishment can best be described as a mix of fines & vengeance
Moscow became the center of the Orthodox Church after Constantinople was invaded by the
Ottoman Turks
73. The Qur’an gave women some property rights
74. Sufi Muslims taught that people should live a simple life
75. Sheikhs led tribes of bedouins
76. The Kaaba was a stone building filled with idols
77. The Qur’an affected religious and daily life
78. Part of the Muslim faith was jihad, or the struggle to defend the faith
79. Because of the climate and geography, most early Arabs were herders.
80. Mecca was important because it was on the trade route to Syria
81. Charlemagne was declared Emperor of Rome
82. Chivalry was a code of behavior for knights
83. Parliament had the power to refuse new taxes
84. Early merchants sold their goods at fairs
85. The Treaty of Verdun divided Charlemagne’s empire
86. Primogeniture is the custom of passing on land to the eldest son
87. Under the Capetians, the French regain territory from the English
88. In the manorial system, peasants worked land in exchange for some of their crop
89. Innocent III made the church more powerful
90. In medieval times, most people were likely to have contact with a parish priest
91. Pope Urban II called on Europeans to join a Crusade against Seljuq Turks
92. Victory against Japan came after atomic bomb attacks on Japan
93. The most important purpose of early banks was moneylending
94. Portugal’s explorations were inspired by Prince Henry
95. The Edict of Nantes gave French Calvinists some rights
96. Luther’s teachings decreased the role of the clergy
97. Newton’s work explained the laws of motion and gravitation
98. Universities of the Middle Ages first formed to protect the rights of teachers & students
99. The Anglican Church was formed as a result of Henry VIII’s fight with the pope about his divorce
100. A united Spain ordered all non-Christians out of the city
101. The War of the Roses determined the ruler of England
102. Natural philosophers based study on religious teaching & classical literature
103. The main style of architecture during the Middle to later Middle Ages was gothic
104. The Treaty of Tordesillas divided the New World between Portugal & Spain
105. Writers such as Shakespeare and Marlowe focused on human actions & emotions
106. During the Hundred Years’ War, the French & English monarchy became weaker
107. Luther’s ideas spread quickly because of the printing press
108. The Reformation and Counter-Reformation led to religious tolerance
109. Science of the Middle Ages focused on practical use more than theory
110. Mercantilism held that countries should do all they could to increase wealth
111. Discontent in France was caused by all of the following: rising costs of living, lack of political
voice, anger at nobility’s freedom from taxes
112. The Congress of Vienna worked against Nationalist ideas
113. The Declaration of the Rights of Man established all of the following: freedom of speech, the right
to a fair trial, and the right to hold office
114. Universal manhood suffrage meant men could vote, regardless of owning property
115. France increased its debt through giving financial aid the the U.S.
116. In the legislative assembly, radicals wanted to set up a republic
117. The Hundred Days refers to the return of Napoleon
118. The true beginning of the French Revolution was the third estate’s declaring itself the National
Assembly
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120. Among the National Assembly’s first actions was the outlawing of the tithe & feudal dues
121. Napoleon’s rule could best be described as a dictatorship
122. The Battle of Britain was fought mostly in the air
123. The Triple Entente was formed in reaction to Germany’s military build up
124. Great Britain declared war on Germany because it invaded Belgium
125. Italy and Japan entered the war to grab defeated nation’s property
126. The conquest of Norway and Denmark was important to Germany because they provided access
to the Atlantic Ocean
127. Japan’s move into China was met by a condemnation
128. All of the following were new war weapons: u-boats, airplanes, & tanks
129. Stalin signed a nonaggression pact with Germany because he and Hitler wanted to divide eastern
Europe
130. As nations tried to outlast each other, World War I became a war of attrition
131. Control of the new Russia was won by the Bolsheviks
132. The Treaty of Brest Litovsk allowed the Germans to mobilize more troops against France
133. The newly formed Communist Party signed a treaty with the Central Powers
134. Soviet armies fighting Germany benefited from cold weather
135. The “soft underbelly of the Axis” referred to Italy & the Balkans
136. According to Hitler’s plan, eastern Europe would become living space for the Aryan Race
137. A culture is based on a set of beliefs, knowledge, and a (n) pattern of living
138. People who came under the rule of Rome after the Punic Wars became subject of Rome
139. Under the advice of his wife, Theodora, Justinian allowed women to own property
140. Vladimir I ordered Kievans to become Christians
141. The Mongols remained relatively peaceful in exchange for heavy taxation
142. The Shi’ah believed in the decisions of the imams
143. Superstition and witchcraft helped Renaissance people explain the unknown
144. Descartes believed in using only known facts to arrive at conclusions
145. The Columbian Exchange was trade between America & Europe
146. Cromwell’s rule could best be described as a military dictatorship
147. In the concentration camps, the people least likely to be executed were the healthy
Know how to label the following countries, oceans, islands, & continents:
Africa, Portugal, Spain, France, Corsica, Sardinia, Italy, Sicily, Mediterranean Sea, Crete, Cyprus, Aegean
Sea, Adriatic Sea, Greece, Turkey, Switzerland, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Germany, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Yugoslavia, Denmark, Macedonia, Albania, Black Sea, Caspian Sea, Russia, Estonia, Latvia,
Southeast Asia, Belgium, Poland, Norway, Sweden, Finland, English Channel, Romania, Bulgaria, North
Sea, United Kingdom, Ireland, Ukraine, Atlantic Ocean, Czech Republic, Austria, Iceland, Baltic Sea,
Lithuania, Belarus, Moldova, Hungary, Bosnia and Herezogovina, Croatia,