Download B 262, F 2004 – KEY Name

Name Key
BIOLOGY 262, FALL 2004 – KEY
EXAMINATION #2 (PART 1)
Date
MULTIPLE CHOICE.For the following multiple choice questions circle the letter in front of the
response that best answers the question or completes the sentence. (20%, 2% each)
6. Which of the following is why dogs come
1. Which of the following is an assumption
in such diverse breeds as pugs,
of scientific philosophy?
chihuahuas, poodles, and great danes?
a. Different events cannot have the
a. Artificial selection.
same cause.
b.
Genetic drift.
b. Only experimental observations can
c. Outbreeding.
prove hypotheses to be true.
d. Sexual selection.
c. Sense experience reflects reality.
e. None of the above.
d. The universe is disordered.
e. None of the above. (None are assumptions)
7. Low genetic diversity in cheetahs is a
result of…
2. In a population at Hardy-Weinberg
a. bottleneck effect.
equilibrium, if the frequency of BB is
b. heterozygote advantage.
0.64, then what is the frequency of bb?
c. neutral alleles.
a. 0.04
d. phenotypic plasticity.
b. 0.20
e. random mating.
c. 0.32
d. 0.36
8. If a population of 5,000 is undergoing
e. None of the above
logistic growth with a yearly intrinsic rate
of increase of 0.50, and a carrying
3. The “creation” of curly winged flies in the
capacity of 10000 then what is the size of
laboratory in The Evolution Explosion is
the population after 2 years? (round decimals up)
an example of which of the following?
a. 6125
a. genetic drift
b. 7336
b. gene flow
c. 7500
c. heterozygote advantage
d. 7657
d. natural selection
e. None of the above.
e. sexual selection
4. Which of the following is NOT an
assumption of the Hardy-Weinberg
theorem?
a. no genetic drift
b. no gene flow
c. no mutation
d. no natural selection
e. no random mating
5. Local species richness would be greatest
under which of the following conditions?
a. low nutrients, low disturbance
b. low nutrients, intermediate disturbance
c. internediate nutrients, intermediate
disturbance
d. high nutrients, low disturbance
e. high nutrients, high disturbance
9. Which of the following is a correct
species name?
(wolf)
a. Canis Lupus
b. Canis lupus
c. Lupus
d. lupus
e. None of the above
10. Which of the following increases
genetic variation in a population?
a. Genetic drift
b. Inbreeding
c. Mutation
d. Natural selection
e. None of the above (all decease variation)
FILL-IN-THE-BLANK.For the following exercises write the appropriate word or words in the
available space, sketch, or label as appropriate. (10%)
1. Fill in the missing ranks in the Linnean
3. Identify three things that are “wrong” or
Classification. (2%)
misleading about this illustration. (6%)
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
2. Fill in the lines on the population growth
graphs below. (2%)
Exponential Growth
a. Depicts evolution as progress.
Logistic Growth
b. Depicts evolution as linear.
#
#
c. Shows social bias with a male
time
time
European as “goal” of evolution.
DEFINITIONS.For the following BIOLOGICAL words or phrases define them as accurately and
concisely as possible. (20%, 4% each)
1. Ecological succession:
Change in community structure over time (usually regulated by
competition).
2. Genetic drift:
Change in gene frequency in a (frequently small) population due to chance.
3. Monophyletic group:
A group composed of an ancestor (ancestral species) and all of its
descendants. (or… An ancestral species and everything it becomes.)
4. Natural selection:
Differential reproduction (survival) based on differences in inherited
characteristics. (or… Differences in reproduction due to differences in
inherited characteristics.)
5. Science:
A belief that natural phenomena have natural causes that can be revealed by
empirical evidence.
Name Key
BIOLOGY 262, FALL 2004
EXAMINATION #2 (PART 2)
Date
FREE RESPONSE QUESTIONS/PROBLEMS.For the following, address each in as concise and lucid a
manner as possible. Do NOT exceed the space provided. (50%)
1. The Amazon Basin of South America (called Amazonia) is a hot, wet
tropical forest area along the equator. (a) Briefly explain why Amazonia
is climatically wet? (6%)
Wet – Air Cells/Intertropical Convergence; Warm wet
air rises at the equator cooling and releasing
water as rain. (It then moves to about 30° N & S Latitude
where it descends and warms picking up water as it moves back
towards the equator.)
Amazonia is one of the most species rich places on the planet. (b) What are two regional patterns of
species richness that would allow you to predict that Amazonia would have high species richness?
(2%)
Amazonia is (1) in the tropics, is (2) a large area of similar habitat, and is (3)
in the middle of a large continent (not an island or a peninsula).
The climatic conditions in Amazonia during the last ice ages caused repeated periods where the
rainforest was broken into smaller areas separated by grassland, later the tropical forest continuous
again. (c) Briefly, how could this past pattern increase species diversity in Amazonia? (4%)
This process would cause significant amounts of allopatric speciation via the
separation of areas of the same habitat. (Allopatric speciation is the most
common mode of speciation.)
2. Two populations of white clover were sampled for their genotype for a cyanide production gene. The
allele C increases cyanide production by the plants. The allele c blocks cyanide production. Cyanide
discourages grazers but harms or kills the plant when the temperature dips below freezing.
cc individuals
CC individuals
Cc individuals
climate
population
St. Petersburg, Russia
0
200
800
cold
Istanbul, Turkey
500
450
50
warm
(a) Calculate the Hardy-Weinberg expected numbers for both populations and indicate if each is at
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. (8%)
St. Pete. 200 c alleles/2000 alleles = 0.10 = freq. of c, freq. C – 0.90
P2 = 0.102 = 0.01; 2pq = 2(0.10)(0.90) = 0.18; q2 = 0.902 = 0.81
Expected = 10 CC; 180 Cc; 900 cc
Istanbul. 550 c alleles/2000 alleles = 0.275 = freq. of c, freq. C – 0.725
P2 = 0.7252 = 0.52; 2pq = 2(0.725)(0.0.275)=0.40; q2 = 0.2752 = 0.08 Expected= 520CC; 400Cc; 80cc
Both populations are NOT at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
(b) Interpret your results above in terms of evolution of the two populations using all the information
above. Briefly, what evolutionarily is happening to the allele frequencies in each population? (4%)
St. Petersburg – The population is evolving due to selection against C.
Istanbul – The population is evolving due to selection against c.
3. (a) Use the data below to construct a phylogenetic tree of the mythical species in the left column. Show the
derived traits on your phylogenetic tree. (14%)
garden gnome
field gnome
eastern pixie
western pixie
island pixie
troll (outgroup)
wings
absent
absent
present
present
present
absent
garden
gnomes
warts
no warts
no warts
no warts
no warts
no warts
warts
field
gnomes
nose
stubby
stubby
slender
slender
slender
slender
eastern
pixies
ear tips
rounded
rounded
rounded
pointed
pointed
rounded
western
pixies
eye color
green
green
green
golden
golden
green
size
small
small
small
small
small
large
island
pixies
pointed ear tips
golden eye color
stubby nose
wings
no warts
small size
(b) Island pixies are very anatomically distinctive, having undergone more evolutionary change than other
pixies and gnomes. Based on the distributions map of these species below, why would you expect island
pixies to have changed so much via evolution? (4%)
island
pixies
west.
pixies
The island pixies are on an island. They
likely have or experienced a small population
land
size if the species started via a founding
event. Therefore, the species probably
experienced genetic drift. (Possibly natural
selection if the island environment is
notably different than the mainland
environment.)
east.
pixies
field
gnomes
garden
gnomes
water
c) In the laboratory field gnomes and garden gnomes will mate and produce fertile offspring. However, field
and garden gnomes are very distinctive anatomically, never contact each other in the wild (see map above),
live in different habitats, and eat very different foods. Indicate if people using the Biological Species Concept
and the Evolutionary Species Concept would recognize either one species (gnomes as a single species,
including both field and garden) or two species (field gnomes & garden gnomes as separate species). Briefly
explain their reasoning. (8%)
Someone using the Biological Species Concept would recognize only one species
of gnome because this concept only considers ability to interbreed.
Someone using the Evolutionary Species Concept would probably recognize two
species of gnome because this concept considers all data (data concerning
independent evolution such as morphological and ecological differences).