Download Gene Section RELA (v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A)

Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
in Oncology and Haematology
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Gene Section
Mini Review
RELA (v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene
homolog A)
Fei Chen
Health Effects Laboratory Division, NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA (FC)
Published in Atlas Database: January 2002
Online updated version: http://AtlasGeneticsOncology.org/Genes/RELAID325.html
DOI: 10.4267/2042/37835
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 2.0 France Licence.
© 2002 Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
Identity
Protein
Other names: NF-kB3; NF-kB p65
HGNC (Hugo): RELA
Location: 11q12-q13
Description
The relA gene encodes a protein composed 551 amino
acids with an approximately molecular weight of 65
kDa. The N-terminal region of RelA contains a Rel
homology domain (RHD) followed by a nuclear
localization signal. The C-terminal region of RelA
contains a putative leucine zipper domain and a
transactivation domain that is important for the NF-kBmediated gene transactivation. A number of protein
kinases can phosphorylate RelA and consequently
potentiate the transcriptional activity of NF-kB
complexes. These kinases include IKKb, PKA, and
possibly GSK3 and MAP kinase p38. The
phosphorylation of the transactivation domain of RelA
was considered as an important event for the
recruitment and/or interaction with co-factors and
general transcriptional machinery subunits such as
p300 and TFIIB.
Probe(s) - Courtesy Mariano Rocchi, Resources for Molecular
Cytogenetics.
Note
See also, in the Deep Insight section: Upstream Signal
Transduction of NF-kB Activation
DNA/RNA
Expression
Description
Wide.
The gene encoding human RelA has 10 exons spanning
8.1 kb. The shorter variants of RelA (p65d) can be
generated by alternative splicing of intron 1, 6, or 7.
The p65d1 lacks codons for amino acids 222 to 231 and
p65d2 lacks codons for amino acids 13 to 25 of the
conserved Rel homology domain. An additional
alternative splicing form of p65, p65d3 has been
identified in a non-small-cell lung carcinoma cell line
that lacks codons for amino acids 187 to 293 of the Rel
homology domain.
Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol. 2002; 6(2)
Localisation
Cytosol, nuclei after activation.
Function
regulation of the genes involved in cell-to-cell
interaction,
intercellular
communication,
cell
recruitment or transmigration, amplification or
spreading of primary pathogenic signals,
100
RELA
Chen F
cell apoptosis, and initiation or acceleration of
tumorigenesis. The p50/RelA complex is the most
abundant NF-kB complex in all type tissues or cells.
Interaction with: members of IkB family and Rel
family; GR; HDAC3; CREB; p300; Sp1, Egr1; AES;
TFIIB.
References
Van Den Berghe H, Parloir C, David G, Michaux JL, Sokal G. A
new characteristic karyotypic anomaly in lymphoproliferative
disorders. Cancer. 1979 Jul;44(1):188-95
Deloukas P, van Loon AP. Genomic organization of the gene
encoding the p65 subunit of NF-kappa B: multiple variants of
the p65 protein may be generated by alternative splicing. Hum
Mol Genet. 1993 Nov;2(11):1895-900
Implicated in
Cancer, autoimmune arthritis,
glomerulonephritis, asthma,
inflammatory bowel disease, septic
shock, lung fibrosis, HTLV-1 infection,
and AIDS
Baldwin AS Jr. The NF-kappa B and I kappa B proteins: new
discoveries and insights. Annu Rev Immunol. 1996;14:649-83
Ghosh S, May MJ, Kopp EB. NF-kappa B and Rel proteins:
evolutionarily conserved mediators of immune responses.
Annu Rev Immunol. 1998;16:225-60
Zhong H, Voll RE, Ghosh S. Phosphorylation of NF-kappa B
p65 by PKA stimulates transcriptional activity by promoting a
novel bivalent interaction with the coactivator CBP/p300. Mol
Cell. 1998 Apr;1(5):661-71
Oncogenesis
Chromosomal rearrangement or point mutation of relA
gene has been implicated infrequently in human
lymphoid tumors. A t(11;14)(q14;q32?) chromosomal
translocation was described in 4 cases of
lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD), which possibly
involved p65 gene rearrangement. Gene amplification
or increased expression of relA has also been noted in
some cases of squamous carcinomas of head and neck,
and in adenocarcinomas of breast and stomach.
Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol. 2002; 6(2)
Rayet B, Gélinas C. Aberrant rel/nfkb genes and activity in
human cancer. Oncogene. 1999 Nov 22;18(49):6938-47
This article should be referenced as such:
Chen F. RELA (v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene
homolog A). Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol. 2002;
6(2):100-101.
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