Download Background and overview of the JSPS Coastal Marine Science Program Chapter 1

Chapter 1
Background and overview of the JSPS Coastal Marine
Science Program
Shuhei Nishida1, Nobuyuki Miyazaki1 and Miguel D. Fortes2
1
Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo,
5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8564, Japan
2
Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, The Philippines
Introduction
The East and Southeast Asian countries are
populated by more then 3 billion people
whose activities have had large impacts on
the surrounding coastal waters and marine
ecosystems. These waters, in turn, provide
these countries with a wealth of biological resources, necessitating sustainable
management and utilization of the coastal
areas.
In particular, the Southeast Asian Region encompasses highly diverse marine
habitats, represented by coral reefs, mangrove forests, sea-grass beds, estuaries,
and deep marginal basins. The region is
known for its highest species richness
among the world oceans (e.g. Tittensor et
al. 2010).
The coastal areas of Southeast Asia,
however, are also known as hotspots of
adverse human impacts caused by industrialization and increase of urban population, resulting in such issues as the frequent
occurrence of red tides due to
eutrophication and pollution by heavy
metals and other hazardous chemicals.
Other serious impacts include land devel-
opment for industries, fish culture and
tourism, overfishing, and destructive fishing, resulting in destruction of coastal
habitats which encompass major nursery
grounds for marine life. This has led to the
marked decrease of fisheries resources and
many animal populations, as are apparent
in sea turtles, dugongs, and corals.
Our knowledge and understanding of
the coastal ecosystems in Southeast Asia
before 1980s, however, were seriously insufficient to address the above issues.
These were based mainly on conventional
oceanographic observations in regional
waters, historical expeditions as exemplified by the Challenger (1872–86), Valdivia
(1898–99), and Naga Expeditions (1959–
61) (e.g. Wyrtki 1961), and regional monographs of particular group of organisms,
providing basic and useful information for
comparison.
Under this circumstance, there have
been concerns about the urgent need to
assess the present status of the health of
the coastal ecosystems in Southeast Asia,
understanding their structure and function,
and identifying drivers of observed
changes in them. This need was expressed
S. Nishida, M. D. Fortes and N. Miyazaki, eds.
Coastal Marine Science in Southeast Asia —Synthesis Report of the Core University Program of the Japan
Society for the Promotion of Science: Coastal Marine Science (2001–2010), pp. 3–10.
© by TERRAPUB 2011.
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S. NISHIDA et al.
at both local or domestic levels and by international communities/organizations,
e.g. GEO (Group on Earth Observation),
AP-BON (Asia-Pacific Biodiversity Observation Network), PEMSEA (Partnerships in Environmental Management for
the Seas of East Asia), and UNESCO/IOC/
WESTPAC (see, e.g. UNEP/COBSEA
2010, PEMSEA 2010). However, this is a
large task, necessitating an integrative approach cutting across diverse research
fields and disciplines, e.g. physics, biology, ecology, and chemistry. It also necessitates collaboration of related countries
and/or communities in the region, since the
diverse coastal systems comprise an interconnected entity and any boundaries observed in nature are essentially different
from politically delineated borders.
Since 1978 the Core University Program (CUP) of the Japan Society for the
Promotion of Science (JSPS) has played
an important role in enhancing research
and education in Southeast Asian countries
by providing support for bilateral-type
collaborations. As for coastal marine science, Ocean Research Institute (ORI, expanded to “Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute (AORI)” in 2010), the
University of Tokyo, conducted bilateral
joint research projects with Indonesia,
Thailand, and Malaysia under the CUP
since 1988. In response to the aforementioned needs for multilateral collaboration,
the above projects were integrated and
expanded into one Multilateral Cooperative Program titled “Coastal Oceanography” since 2001 with two new member
nations, the Philippines and Vietnam.
Since 2006 the project title has been
changed to “Coastal Marine Science
(CMS)” which better reflects the inter-disciplinary nature of the program.
Core Projects
To address the major issues in coastal marine science in Southeast Asia, the follow-
ing four core-projects were established
within the CMS Program (Fig. 1).
Project-1: Water circulation and material
transport in the coastal areas and marginal seas of East and Southeast Asia
(abbreviated as “Material Transport” in
this volume)
Project leader: Dr. T. Yanagi (2001–
2010)
Project-2. Ecology and oceanography of
harmful marine microalgae (abbreviated as “HAB”, referring to Harmful
Algal Blooms)
Project leader: Dr. Y. Fukuyo (2001–
2010)
Project-3. Biodiversity studies in the
coastal waters of East and Southeast
Asia (abbreviated as “Biodiversity”)
Project leader: Dr. K. Matsuura (2001–
2010)
To cover the highly diverse groups of
organisms, the following four research
groups were established and group leaders assigned within Project-3:
1) Seaweed/Seagrass: Dr. H. Ogawa
(2001–2009) and Dr. S. Kawaguchi
(2010)
2) Plankton: Dr. S. Nishida (2001–
2010)
3) Fish: Dr. K. Matsuura (2001–2010)
4) Benthos: Dr. Y. Shirayama (2001–
2010)
Project-4. Pollution of hazardous chemicals in the coastal marine environment
and their ecological effect (abbreviated
as “POME”)
Project leader: Dr. N. Miyazaki (2001–
2009) and Dr. K. Inoue (2010)
Each project/group consisted of members from six member countries specializing in the respective research field and
nominated through discussion and communication between the program office, national coordinators and project leaders.
These projects/groups played a major role
in implementing the program objectives
Background and overview
through field research, training courses and
workshops, publication of the results, and
other outreach activities (Fig. 1). Each
project/group organized workshops on
yearly basis, mostly at the occasions of
their training courses/workshops and/or
joint seminars, to communicate and discuss
on their accomplishments, challenges, and
planning.
Organization
There are three major components for the
implementation of the program: program
coordination, activities of the core
projects, and domestic coordination (Fig.
1). The whole program was managed by
the Program Coordinator at ORI/AORI, the
core institute of Japan, with support from
the Program Secretariat for office management and communication. The core
5
projects were coordinated by the leaders
with collaboration of members from all six
countries. In the member countries, the
national coordinators belonging to the core
institutes (Table 1) were in charge of support for their domestic activities, such as
those in getting official permissions for
field research and specimen exchange and
securing funding support for related research activities. They also coordinated the
collaboration between core projects in their
countries (Fig. 2).
As a major activity for planning and
implementing the project, and enhancing
communication and collaboration between
the core projects and member countries, a
Coordinators/Project Leaders Meeting was
held annually. This was done to summarize the accomplishments and discuss challenges, solutions and future plans (Table
2). Specifically, the two meetings in 2009
Fig. 1.
Organization of the JSPS-CMS Program. Dashes denote changes in the persons incharge of the respective tasks.
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S. NISHIDA et al.
Table 1. Core- and collaborating institutions, national coordinators, and number of members
(as of 2010) of the JSPS-CMS Program.
Japan: 22 institutions, 120 members
Core institution: Ocean Research Institute (2001−2010),
Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute (2010), The Univ. of Tokyo
Program coordinator: Katsumi Tsukamoto (2001−2005), Nobuyuki Miyazaki (2005−2009),
Shuhei Nishida (2010)
Collaborating institutions:
Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The Univ. of Tokyo
Asian Natural Environmental Science Center, The Univ. of Tokyo
Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime Univ.
Faculty of Applied Biological Science, Hiroshima Univ.
Faculty of Fisheries Science, Hokkaido Univ.
Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa Univ.
Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima Univ.
Faculty of Science, Kagoshima Univ.
School of Marine Bioscience, Kitasato Univ.
Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi Univ.
Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto Univ.
Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu Univ.
Faculty of Bioresources, Mie Univ.
Faculty of Agriculture, Nagasaki Univ.
Hydrospheric Atmosphere Research Center, Nagoya Univ.
National Museum of Nature and Science
Faculty of Science, Univ. of the Ryukyus
Graduate School of Science, Tohoku Univ.
Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku Univ.
School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokai Univ.
Faculty of Marine Science, Tokyo Univ. of Marine Science and Technology
Indonesia: 4 institutions, 41 members
Core institute: Research Centre for Oceanography, LIPI
National coordinator: Ono K. Sumadhiharga (2001−2004), Suharsono (2005−2010)
Collaborating institutions:
Sam Ratulangi Univ.
Bogor Agricultural Univ.
Diponegoro Univ.
Malaysia: 7 institutions, 32 members
Core institution: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
National coordinator: Mohd Ibrahim Seeni Mohd
Collaborating institutions:
Univ. Sains Malaysia
Univ. Kebangsaan Malaysia
Univ. Malaya
Univ. Putra Malaysia
Univ. Malaysia Sarawak
Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center (SEAFDEC) in Malaysia
Background and overview
Table 1.
(continued).
Philippines: 6 institutions, 23 members
Core institution: Univ. of the Philippines, Diliman
National coordinator: Miguel D. Fortes
Collaborating institutions:
Univ. of the Philippines, Los Baños
Univ. of the Philippines, Visayas
De La Salle Univ.
Mindanao State Univ. at Naawan
Univ. of San Carlos
Thailand: 6 institutions, 35 members
Core institution: Chulalongkorn Univ.
National coordinator: Supichai Tangjaitrong (2001−2002), Charoen Nitithamyong (2003−2010)
Collaborating institutions:
Kasetsart Univ.
Burapha Univ.
Department of Fisheries
Prince of Songkla Univ.
Phuket Marine Biological Center
Vietnam: 2 institutions, 54 members
Core institution: Haiphong Institute of Oceanography (2001−2004),
Institute of Marine Environment and Resources (2005−2010)
National coordinator: Nguyen Chu Hoi (2001), Tran Duc Thanh (2002−2010)
Collaborating institution:
Vietnam National Univ.
Fig. 2. System for international, domestic, inter-project, and infra-project collaboration in the
JSPS-CMS Program.
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S. NISHIDA et al.
Table 2.
List of Coordinators/Project Leaders Meetings.
Date
Venue
Host
2001, Aug. 23−24
2002, Oct. 21−24
Tokyo, Japan
Langkawi, Malaysia
Ocean Research Institute
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
2003, Dec. 14−16
2004, Dec. 2−3
Chiang Mai, Thailand
Palawan, Philippines
Chulalongkorn University
University of the Philippines, Diliman
2005, Aug. 24−26
Tokyo, Japan
Ocean Research Institute
2006, Nov. 6−8
Ha Long City, Vietnam
Institute of Marine Environment and Resources
2007, Aug. 4
2008, May 19−20
2009, Feb. 12−14
Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Malacca, Malaysia
Tokyo, Japan*
Research Center for Oceanography
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Ocean Research Institute
2009, Oct. 29
2010, Oct. 29
Haiphong, Vietnam**
Kashiwa, Japan
Institute of Marine Environment and Resources
Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute
*Held as First Ocean Research Workshop.
**Held as Second Ocean Research Workshop.
Table 3.
No.
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
Date
2003 Dec. 14−16
2005 Aug. 24−26
2007 Aug. 3−5
2009 Oct. 26−28
2010 Oct. 26−29
List of Joint Seminars on Coastal Marine Science.
Venue
No. participants
(overseas/local)
No. presentations
(oral/poster)
Chiang Mai, Thailand
Tokyo, Japan
Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Hai Phong, Vietnam
Kashiwa, Japan*
150 (87/63)
140 (69/71)
163 (76/87)
94 (65/29)
86 (56/30)
100 (70/30)
113 (36/77)
151 (115/36)
77 (56/21)
68 (posters only)
*Co-sponsored by IOC/WESTPAC: Horiba International Conference “New Direction of Ocean Research
in the Western Pacific—Past, Present and Future of UNESCO/IOC/WESTPAC Activity for 50 Years and
the JSPS Project: Coastal Marine Science”.
Table 4.
List of representative international symposia co-sponsored by JSPS-CMS Program
and/or co-organized by project members.
3rd UNU (United Nations University)-ORI Joint Workshop on Marine Environment: 2001,
International Coastal Research Center (ORI), Japan
UNU-ORI-Iwate Joint Symposium “Man and Ocean”: 2002, organized by POME, Tokyo, Japan
4th UNU-ORI Joint Workshop on Marine Environment: 2004,
International Coastal Research Center (ORI), Japan
5th UNU-ORI Joint Workshop on Marine Environment: 2004,
International Coastal Research Center (ORI), Japan
UNU-ORI-Iwate Joint Symposium “Man and Ocean”: 2006, organized by POME, Iwate, Japan
6th UNU-ORI Joint Workshop on Marine Environment: 2006,
International Coastal Research Center (ORI), Japan
6th IOC/WESTPAC Symposium: 2005, Nha Trang, Vietnam
The ASEAN International Conference “Conservation on the Coastal Environment”: 2007,
Chulalongkorn University, organized by POME, Bangkok, Thailand
7th IOC/WESTPAC Symposium: 2008, Kota-Kinabaru, Malaysia
LIPI-NaGISA Western Pacific Conference, 26−29 Oct. 2008, Jakarta, Indonesia
8th IOC/WESTPAC Symposium 2011, Busan, Korea
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Background and overview
were held as the First and Second Ocean
Research Workshop, with a special funding from JSPS, to discuss research and collaboration after 2010.
The results of the scientific research by
core projects were presented and discussed
in the Joint Seminars, held biannually in
different member countries, and in other
international and domestic symposia and
meetings (Tables 3, 4).
Overview
With the above project contents and organization, 255 scientists from 24 collabo-
Table 5.
rating institutes (Indonesia, 4; Malaysia,
7; Thailand, 6; Philippines, 5; Vietnam, 2)
and 120 Japanese scientists from 22 collaborating institutes joined this program
and worked together under a set of common principles (Table 1). Eleven national
coordinators’ meetings (Table 2), 5 joint
seminars (Tables 3, 5), and 80 workshops
were organized and implemented. In order
to encourage young scientists, we also had
training courses using the field guides of
fish and seagrass, original text books, and
analytical manual of hazardous chemicals.
As a result of the activities in the program,
we published approximately 1200 peer-
List of Proceedings from the Joint Seminars. Number of papers in brackets.
Proceedings of the First Joint Seminar on Coastal Oceanography, 14−16 Dec. 2003, Chiang Mai,
Thailand (ed. Nitithamyong C). Dept Mar. Sci., Fac. Sci., Chulalongkorn Univ., 303 pp., 2004. (35)
Proceedings of the Second Seminar of JSPS Multilateral Core University Program on “Coastal
Oceanography”, 24 −26 Aug. 2005, Tokyo, Japan (eds. Miyazaki N, Tsuskamoto K). Coast. Mar. Sci. 30
(Special Issue), 406 pp., 2006. (62)
Proceedings of the Third Joint Seminar on Coastal Marine Science, 3 −5 Aug. 2007, Yogyakarta,
Indonesia (eds. Matsuura K, Kodama M, Miyazaki N, Nishida S, Suharsono, Yanagi T, Fukuyo Y,
Shirayama Y). Mar. Res. Indonesia 32(2), 33(1, 2); 218, 107, 234 pp., 2007 −2008. (52)
Proceedings of the Fourth Joint Seminar on Coastal Marine Science, 26−28 Oct. 2009, Hai Phong,
Vietnam (eds. Miyazaki N, Arai T, Inoue K, Fukuyo Y, Kawaguchi S, Matsuura K, Nishida S,
Shirayama Y, Yanagi T). Coast. Mar. Sci. 34 (Special Section): 59−235, 2010. (25)
Table 6. Number of publications by the JSPS-CMS Program members based on researches in
the Program and cooperative activities. Articles are classified into five categories. 1: peer-reviewed articles in international journals. 2: peer-reviewed articles in other periodicals. 3: articles in proceedings (including those published in special volumes of journals). 4: books, and
articles in books. 5: other publications.
Category of publication
Project/group
1
2
3
4
5
Total
P-1
P-2
P-3 Sw/Sg*
P-3 Plankton
P-3 Fish
P-3 Benthos
P-4
28
117
108
117
180
28
223
9
41
21
12
47
26
13
19
46
49
53
27
19
16
0
9
29
9
33
12
47
0
1
4
3
9
2
11
56
214
211
194
296
87
310
Total
801
169
229
139
30
1368
* Seaweed/Seagrass Group.
10
S. NISHIDA et al.
reviewed scientific papers (800 articles in
international journals, 170 in other publications, 230 in proceedings), 140 books
and/or book chapters and 30 articles in
other forms of publication (Table 6, Appendix-2). Especially, the field guides of
fish and sea grass and the analytical
manual and CD of hazardous chemicals are
highly favorably evaluated by scientists
and the institutes/universities of the above
Asian countries.
These activities are detailed in the following chapters. Part II focuses on the scientific accomplishments and Part III on the
other activities focusing on capacity building and outreach, both by core projects/
groups, and Part IV on the activities within
the collaborating countries synthesized by
national coordinators. Part V synthesizes
the accomplishments of the program, with
particular reference to the challenges and
future provisions.
References
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and predictors of marine biodiversity across taxa. Nature 466: 1098–1101.
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LM), COBSEA Secretariat, Bangkok, 156 pp.
Wyrtki K (1961) Scientific results of marine investigations of the South China Sea and the Gulf of
Thailand, physical oceanography of the Southeast Asian waters. Univ. Calif., NAGA Rept. No. 2: 1–
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