Download PACKET 12: PLANT STRUCTURE & REPRODUCTION A. PLANT STRUCTURE 1.

PACKET 12:
A.
PLANT STRUCTURE & REPRODUCTION
PLANT STRUCTURE
1.
WHAT IS A PLANT?



A multicellular eukaryote
Has a cell wall
Carries out photosynthesis and makes its own food.
(__________________)
2.
WHAT DO PLANTS NEED TO SURVIVE?

Sunlight

Water & Minerals

Gas Exchange

Movement of Water & Nutrients
3. THE LEAVES OF PLANTS (How does the structure of a leaf enable it to carry
out photosynthesis?)
The Leaf  The plant’s main organ of photosynthesis!

Thin & Flat --
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Tissues of the leaf help bring gases, water & nutrients to the cells
_______________________
of the leaf that carry out photosynthesis.

Leaf structure is also optimal for Gas Exchange and Water Balance.
o
o
Pore like openings on the underside of the leaf - ______________

Allow CO2 & O2 to diffuse into and out of the leaf
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Controls water loss
Structures responsible for opening & closing the stomata _______________
--If the guard cells are swollen with water the stoma can open because they can
afford to lose some water.
--BUT –Once the guard cells have lost water, the opening closes, so that no
more water will be lost from the leaf.
--This is why WILTING occurs if plants have lost too much water!!
4)
PLANT TISSUES (How are materials moved throughout a plant?
--vascular tissues:
--there are two types of vascular tissues found in plants
a) xylem:
b) phloem:
Label the plants below as either a monocot or dicot.
____________________
B.
PLANT REPRODUCTION
--Most types of plants reproduce:
_________________________
--FLOWERING PLANTS (_____________________)
MALE GAMETE
+
FEMALE GAMETE
______________________
ZYGOTE
EMBRYO & SEED
NEW PLANT
1. WHERE DOES SEXUAL REPRODUCTION TAKE PLACE?:
_________________________
--A typical flower contains BOTH the male AND female parts!
2.
POLLINATION:
The transfer of pollen from the male reproductive structure to the female
reproductive structure.
HOW DOES THIS HAPPEN?
1.
2.
3.
FERTILIZATION:
The male and female reproductive structures combine to form a new cell.
HOW DOES THIS HAPPEN?

Pollen ( ___________________________________) lands on sticky stigma.
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The pollen then travels to the ovary.
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o
Sperm #1:
Fuses with the egg to form a ZYGOTE (becomes the EMBRYO)
o
Sperm #2:
Becomes the ENDOSPERM (feeds the embryo)
A SEED forms around this.
o
HOW ARE SEEDS DISPERSED?

Animals

Wind
--Some types of plants reproduce via:
_____________________________________
--This is called ______________________________________

C.
Enables a single plant to produce many offspring genetically identical to itself!
PLANT RESPONSES & ADAPTATIONS
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Plants grow in response to environmental factors:
o
Light
o
Moisture
o
Temperature
o
Gravity

Plant body parts must be told what to do.
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Plant HORMONES control the responses of plants.
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The growth responses are called:
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**Read text pg. 646**
_____________________
o
Many plants are prey to plant-eating insects and other animals.
o
Plants try to defend themselves against insect attack by making compounds
that have powerful effects on animals.
--Examples: