Download B 262, F 2008

BIOLOGY 262, FALL 2008
FINAL EXAMINATION (PART 1)
Date
Name
MULTIPLE CHOICE.⎯For the following multiple choice questions circle the letter in front of the
response that best answers the question or completes the sentence. (10%, 1% each)
6. Organisms in which of the following
1. Which of the following is NOT an
phyla have only one digestive opening?
assumption of scientific philosophy?
a. Annelida
a. Only experimental observations can
b. Arthropoda
prove hypotheses to be True.
c. Cnidaria
b. Sense experience consistently but
d. Molluska
not absolutely reflects reality.
e. Nematoda
c. The universe is ordered.
f. None of the above are diploblastic.
d. None of the above. (All are assumptions)
7. If a population of 200,000 is undergoing
2. Which of the following is an Annelid?
logistic growth with a yearly intrinsic rate
a. dog
of increase of 0.10, and a carrying
b. earthworm
capacity of 400,000 then what is the size
c. jellyfish / seajelly
of the population after 1 year?
d. tapeworm
a. 10,000
e. starfish / seastar
b. 20,000
3. Which of the following is the main
c. 210,000
source of genetic variation?
d. 220,000
a. artificial selection
e. None of the above
b. genetic drift
8. Which of the following theoretically
c. mutation
should have the lowest species richness?
d. natural selection
a. large long island far from continent
e. None of the above (all decrease variation)
b. large long island near continent
c. small long island far from continent
The samples below measured the species
2
d. small long island near continent
richness of insects in m areas that are not
e. large round island far from continent
fertilized and areas that are fertilized. The
f. large round island near continent
hypothesis is that fertilizing will increase insect
species richness.
g. small round island far from continent
2
Table. Insect species richness per m quadrat samples. Ph. small round island near continent
value for comparison between the samples from the two
areas = 0.06
Unfert. area
Fertilized area
0
4
2
3
5
0
9
2
6
1
9
0
4. For the study above which of the following is
the treatment?
↑
a. Fertilizing.
b. Quadrat sampling.
c. Repeating the sampling.
d. The dandilions.
e. None of the above.
↑
a. rejected.
b. supported.
c. (this cannot be determined with these data)
5. The hypothesis is…
9. The nervous system develops from
which type of tissue?
a. ectoderm
b. endoderm
c. mesoderm
d. pachyderm
10. Which of the following is a correct
species name (for the coyote)?
a. Canis
b. canis latrans
c. Canis Latrans
d. Canis latrans
e. latrans
f. None of the above
FILL-IN-THE-BLANK.⎯For the following exercises write the appropriate word or words in the
available space. (5%)
1. Which of the 4 basic types of animal
3. In the space below provide the overall
tissues is the following? (1%)
chemical equation for glycolysis +
respiration AND explain the overall
“point” of the process for an organism
that undergoes glycolysis + respiration.
(3%)
2. Specifically what two words describe the
arrangement and shape of the cells in the
tissue below? (1%)
DEFINITIONS.⎯For the following BIOLOGICAL words or phrases, define them as accurately
and concisely as possible. (10%, 2% each)
1. calcium phosphate (CaPO4):
2. biofilm:
3. keystone species:
4. natural selection:
5. science:
Name
BIOLOGY 262, FALL 2008
FINAL EXAMINATION (PART 2)
Date
FREE RESPONSE QUESTIONS/PROBLEMS.⎯For the following, address each in as concise and
lucid a manner as possible. Do NOT exceed the space provided.
1. Generally outline basic animal development in a vertebrate from fertilization to the formation
of the nervous system. Be certain to identify each stage and indicate what is happening at
each stage. (6%) Feel free but do not feel obliged to use labeled sketches in your answer.
2. Generally (in approximately 2 sentences) explain how the carbon cycle is related to global
climate change (global warming). (2%)
3. Five (5) staphylococcal bacteria infect a wound. The bacteria reproduce and have in intrinsic
rate of increase of 2.00 per minute and the resource limits (in the wound) are effectively
infinite. What is the bacterial pop. size after four minutes? Show your calculations. (2%)
In two words, describe the cell shape and cell arrangement of the bacteria in 3 above. (1%)
4. In this class, students read a large portion of the book The Evolution Explosion.
(a.) Briefly (1 sentence) explain what the primary over-all point of the book is. What is the point that
the author is trying to make with all of his examples? (2%)
(b.) Briefly explain two of the very many examples discussed in the book and describe what each
example shows. (6%)
6. Explain what the terms coelomate, acoelomate, and pseudocoelomate mean? Provide an
example of an organism that could be described as each of these. Feel free but do not feel
obliged to use labeled sketches for your answer. (5%)
Name
BIOLOGY 262, FALL 2008
FINAL EXAMINATION (PART 3)
Date
MULTIPLE CHOICE.⎯For the following multiple choice questions circle the letter in front of the
response that best answers the question or completes the sentence. (10%, 1% each)
1. Which of the following best describes the
community ecology relationship of you
unknowingly stepping on an ant?
a. Interspecific amensalism
b. Intraspecific amensalism
c. Interspecific commensalism
d. Intraspecific commensalism
e. Interspecific grazing
f. Intraspecific grazing
g. Interspecific predation
h. Intraspecific predation
i. None of the above
2. In a population at Hardy-Weinberg
equilibrium, if the frequency of AA is
0.16, then what is the frequency of aa?
a. 0.36
b. 0.40
c. 0.84
d. 1.00
e. None of the above
3. Which of the following describes a
bacterium that causes severe disease solely
because of the reproduction of the
bacterium?
a. highly antibiotic
b. highly invasive
c. highly toxigenic
d. highly xerophytic
e. None of the above
4. Organisms in which of the following phyla
includes the ferns?
a. Bryophyta
b. Chlorophyta
c. Lycophyta
d. Pterophyta
e. None of the above
5. Which of the following most limits open
ocean primary production?
a. light and nutrients
b. light and temperature
c. temperature and nutrients
d. temperature and water
The samples below measured the population density
of alfalfa per m2 in irrigated and unirrigated areas.
The areas are NOT paired. The hypothesis is that
alfalfa density will be greater in irrigated areas.
Table. Alfalfa density per m2 quadrat. P-value for
comparison between the two areas = 0.78
10 8
5
6 14 12
Irrigated
7 13 9
6 10 7
6. For these data and this hypothesis what
type of graph would be most
appropriate?↑
Non-irrigated
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Bar graph of means
Bar graph of samples
Histogram
Line Graph
Scatter Plot
7. The hypothesis is…
↑
a. rejected.
b. supported.
c. This cannot be determined with these data.
8. Which of the following model organisms is
an arthropod?
a. Caenorhabditis elegans
b. Drosophila melanogaster
c. Escherichia coli
d. Neurospora crassa
e. Saccharomyces cerevisiae
f None of the above
9. Which of the following model organisms is
the African clawed frog?
a. Arabidopsis thaliana
b. Danio rerio
c. Gallus gallus
d. Mus musculus
e. Xenopus laevis
f None of the above
10. As described in The Evolution Explosion
human fisheries (fishing) have caused
individuals in many fish populations to be
genetically smaller because…
a. the small pop. sizes cause genetic drift.
b. fisheries are strong directional natural
selection for size.
c. fisheries are strong disruptive natural
selection for size.
d. fisheries cause founder events.
FILL-IN-THE-BLANK.⎯For the following exercises write the appropriate word or words in the
available space. (5%)
1. Fill in the empty cells in the life table
3. For the following long unbranched molecule
below for a cohort of toads. (1.5%)
identify the name AND the group of
organisms in which it is found. (1%)
SurvivorMortality
Age
Number
ship
0
10000
1
9000
2
4500
name =
2. Graph survivorship ↑ appropriately in
the space provided below. (Be sure to select the
graph type and to label the graph appropriately.)
(1.5%)
group =
4. For the following image identify two things
that are incorrect or misleading. (1%)
a.
b.
DEFINITIONS.⎯For the following BIOLOGICAL words or phrases define them as accurately
and concisely as possible. (10%, 2% each)
1. cardiac muscle:
2. genetic drift:
3. (plant) primary growth:
4. seed:
5. transformation (bacterial):
Name
BIOLOGY 262, FALL 2008
FINAL EXAMINATION (PART 4)
Date
LONG ANSWERS.⎯ For the following answers, address each question in as concise and lucid a
manner as possible. Do NOT exceed the space provided.
1. Describe/explain the life cycle of a member of Phylum Anthophyta. Include all life cycle stages,
relevant unique structures, and label their ploidy. Also indicate all cellular processes that occur.
(8%) Indicate the life cycle generation that is considered to be dominant. (1%)
(Feel free but do not feel obliged to use labeled illustrations for your answer.)
2. Explain why a mixed population of antibiotic-resistant and antibiotic-susceptible bacteria in
an environment without antibiotics likely will become entirely composed of antibioticsusceptible bacteria over time, but the same population of bacteria in an environment with
antibiotics will become composed entirely of resistant bacteria over time. (5%)
3. In a study in 2007 [Li et al. 2007. Public Library of Science, Medicine. 4(3): e103] medical researchers
explored the association of the VDR FokI gene (a gene for proteins involved in vitamin D
metabolism) alleles with likelihood of development of prostate cancer in male physicians in the
United States aged 40 and older. The subjects were followed for 25 years to determine if they
developed prostate cancer. The VDR FokI gene has two alleles, F and f. The study determined that
the genotype ff was associated with a much greater risk of development of cancer and the other two
genotypes (FF and Ff) were not. The researchers tested to see if the gene was at Hardy-Weinberg
equilibrium.
a.) Briefly (1 sentence), explain why the medical researchers checked this. What could determining if a
gene in a population is or is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium tell them? (2%)
b.) Use their genotype data below to determine if their sample is at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Show
your calculations.
(When calculating, round to three decimal places. Round up when the fourth digit is 5-9. Round
down when the fourth digit is 0-4.)
You will not use a statistical test. Consider them to be the same if different by 10 or less. (5%)
Table 1. Genotype data for VDR FokI gene in a sample population
of male physicians aged 40+ from the samples derived from the
above-cited study.
Genotypes
FF
Ff
ff
Numbers
404
501
161
Total # = 1066
c.) Briefly (1 sentence), provide a general explanation for why the VDR FokI gene (which results in
increased frequency of cancer when in a homozygous recessive genotype), might or might not be at
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. (1%)
4. Identify ONE characteristic unique to all animals in phylum Chordata. Then indicate what the
structure is in you (a human) and a lancelet (a cephalochordate). (3%)