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Name Class Date Assessment Pretest Forces ______ 1. Which of the following describes both speed and direction? a. 65 m/s for an hour c. 35 mi/h north b. south for two days d. both (a) and (b) 2. Which is harder to stop, a baseball traveling at 60 mi/h or a car rolling downhill at 5 mi/h? ______ 3. Which of the following factors affects how easily a moving object can be stopped? a. the object’s mass c. the object’s volume b. the object’s speed d. both (a) and (b) 4. A rock and an apple that is lighter than the rock are dropped from the same height at the same time. Which will reach the ground first? Or will both the rock and the apple reach the ground at the same time? ______ 5. Which would take the least force to reach the same rate of acceleration? a. a motorcycle c. a wheelbarrow full of stones b. a go-cart d. a skateboard 6. Find the time it takes for a water balloon dropped from a second story window and accelerating at 9.8 m/s2 downward to hit a passerby on the sidewalk below. The balloon starts from rest and hits with a velocity of 15.9 m/s. 7. If an object has a mass of 10 kg, will its weight also be 10 kg? Briefly explain your answer. ______ 8. Which of the following must be measured in order to compute an object’s speed? a. distance and time c. time and mass b. mass and volume d. force and energy Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Holt Science Spectrum 28 Forces Name Class Date Assessment Pretest Work and Energy 1. What is the difference between speed and velocity? ______ 2. Which of the following objects is not accelerating? a. the space shuttle as it is orbiting Earth b. a car turning a corner c. the space shuttle when it is being launched d. a bike moving in a straight line at a constant speed 3. If you triple the net force acting on a moving object, how will its acceleration be affected? ______ 4. The gravitational force between two objects depends on which of the following? a. each object’s mass c. the distance between the objects b. each object’s volume d. both (a) and (c) 5. What happens to an object’s motion in each of the following cases? a. an unbalanced force acts on it b. two unequal forces act on it in opposite directions c. two equal forces act on it in opposite directions 6. What information is needed to calculate an object’s weight? 7. Which has more momentum when traveling at 15 m/s, a baseball or a golf ball? Which has more energy? 8. Which has more momentum, a baseball traveling at 4 m/s or a baseball traveling at 16 m/s? Which has more energy? Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Holt Science Spectrum 38 Work and Energy Name Class Date Assessment Pretest Electricity 1. Describe the parts of an atom. What are the outermost particles of an atom? 2. Describe the difference between a material that is a good conductor of electricity and a material that has a high resistance. ______ 3. Any change in an object’s motion is called a. momentum. c. a force. b. an acceleration. d. velocity. ______ 4. Changes in an object’s motion are caused by a. a balanced force. c. an unbalanced force. b. an acceleration. d. opposing forces. ______ 5. The gravitational force between two objects depends on a. the volume of the objects. c. the mass of the objects. b. the speed of the objects. d. the charge of the objects. 6. Describe what happens when you walk across a rug in sneakers on a dry day and then grab a doorknob. 7. Describe the energy transformations that take place when a ball rolls down a hill. How does this demonstrate the conservation of energy? 8. Name some household items that use a battery as a source of electric current. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Holt Science Spectrum 19 Electricity