Download Honors Biology Term II Review questions.   

Created by Joe Frank and Adam Finch. Honors Biology Term II Review questions. Chapter 10:DNA,RNA,Protein. 1. Describe (or draw) the structure of DNA­ 2. What is the sugar in DNA? 3. What is the sugar in RNA? 4. What is the shape of DNA? 5. What is the shape of RNA? 6. Where is DNA located? 7. Where is RNA located? 8. What letters make up/ change into what letters in DNA sequences? 9. What letters make up/ change into what letters in RNA sequences? 10. Are the uprights of DNA parallel OR antiparallel? (3­5~ 5­3)? 11. Name the parts of a nucleotide: 12. What does semiconservative replication of DNA do? 13. What is ​
The Central Paradigm? 14. Transcribe this DNA sequence into RNA: [T A C][T T C][A A A][A T C] 15. DNA is ______________ into RNA, which is _____________into ___________ 16. Explain a point mutation (base substitution)­ 17. Draw a simple diagram of the overall products created by Transcription and Translation, (Label­Codon, anticodon, tRNA, mRNA, next amino acid to be added, growing polypeptide chain, Large/Small ribosomal subunits, cytoplasm.) Created by Joe Frank and Adam Finch. 18. Describe frame­shift mutations in genes­ 19. Explain the major difference between the lytic/lysogenic reproductive cycles of a phage (Virus)­ 20. Define the processes of Transformation, Transduction, and Conjugation, in bacteria­ 21. What does RNA polymerase do? Chapter 9: Genetics. 22. Given the letters, X, x, Create the Homozygous dominant genotype­ 23. Create the Homozygous recessive genotype­ 24. Create the heterozygous genotype­ 25. What does it mean to be Homozygous­ 26. What does it mean to be Heterozygous­ 27. Explain dominant traits v.s. recessive traits­ 28. What is a genotypic ratio? 29. What is a phenotypic ratio? 30. What does a “P” (in mendelian genetics) generation represent? 31. What does the “F1” (in mendelian genetics) generation represent? 32. What does the “F2” (in mendelian genetics) generation represent? 33. What is a monohybrid cross? 34. There are two colors of pea flowers. Purple­PP and white­pp. Purple is dominant to white. Draw a punnett square of the offspring if you crossed a Pp with a Pp, also include the genotypic/phenotypic ratios. Created by Joe Frank and Adam Finch. 35. What does Mendel’s law of segregation of alleles entail? 36. What is a dihybrid cross? 37. Seed color and shape are inherited together. Round­R is dominant to wrinkled­r, and Yellow­Y is dominant to green­y. Draw the punnett square for the crossing of an RrYy with an RrYy. What is the genotypic and phenotypic ratios? 38. What is the significance of a testcross? 39. Describe incomplete dominance. 40. Describe Codominance (think ABO blood groups or Roan cow color). 41. What is the meaning of Pleiotropy? 42. What is polygenic inheritance? 43. Describe what Multiple Alleles mean. 44. What are linked genes? 45. What are sex linked traits? 46. How is sex determined in humans? 47. In a pedigree chart what does a non­shaded square represent? 48. A shaded square? 49. A non shaded circle? 50. A shaded circle? 51. Probability. What is the probability of creating an aa offspring if you crossed an Aa with an Aa? 52. What is the ratio of the A allele when an AABbCC is crossed with an AaBbCc? Created by Joe Frank and Adam Finch. Chapter 13­15: Evolution. 53. Sorry, but it would be rather time consuming to upload a phylogenetic tree, so look at page 263 in your textbook, it has a great example of one. 54. Define Microevolution. 55. Define Macroevolution. 56. Define a gene pool. 57. Define a population. 58. Define allopatric speciation. 59. Define sympatric speciation 60. Define adaptive radiation and give an example. 61. Which phenotypes does stabilizing selection favor? 62. What does directional selection favor? 63. What is disruptive selection, and when does it occur? 64. What was Lamarck’s (disproven) idea of evolution called? 65. What is a half life of a substance? 66. What is radiometric dating used for and how/what is measured? 67. Describe the conditions of early earth (at least 3). 68. Describe the four stages that might have led to the creation of the first cells on earth. 69. What did Protobionts do? 70. Define natural selection. 71. Natural selection is _______ not _______? Created by Joe Frank and Adam Finch. 72. How do insects and pesticide illustrate natural selection? 73. Define artificial selection. 74. How does the fossil record provide evidence of evolution? 75. Wallace established _______? (Hint:first three letters bio­) 76. What is biogeography? 77. What is comparative anatomy used for in the study of evolution? 78. What are homologous features? 79. What are analogous features? 80. What are vestigial features? 81. What are embryological features? 82. How does molecular biology help aid evolutionary research? 83. What does Evo­Devo stand for? Can you describe it? 84. Define gene pool. 85. Define microevolution. 86. Define population. 87. What are the four mechanisms of microevolution? 88. Give an example of natural selection in microevolution. 89. Define gene flow. 90. Define genetic drift. 91. Define mutation, and describe mutation. 92. Name the five types of prezygotic reproductive barriers. 93. Name the three types of postzygotic barriers. Created by Joe Frank and Adam Finch. 94. Define temporal isolation. 95. Define habitat isolation. 96. Define behavioral isolation. 97. Define mechanical isolation. 98. Define gametic isolation. 99. Define reduced hybrid viability. 100.
Define reduced hybrid fertility. 101.
Define hybrid breakdown. 102.
What is Macroevolution? 103.
What are the three mechanisms of macroevolution? 104.
Define and explain what occurs with a mass extinction. (Also cite an example such as the Alvarez meteor). 105.
Define adaptive radiation and describe it. 106.
Define and describe plate tectonics. Chapter 15­19: Classification of life 107. What is the technique for naming a species called? 108. Who invented binomial nomenclature and how do you spell his name? (The father of modern taxonomy). 109. Based on your knowledge of binomial nomenclature, how would you write the name of a species such as us humans? 110. List the levels of classification from most inclusive to most specific. 111. List the six kingdoms. Created by Joe Frank and Adam Finch. 112. Describe the kingdom Archaebacteria. 113. Describe the kingdom Eubacteria. 114. Describe the kingdom Protista. 115. Describe the kingdom plantae. 116. Describe the kingdom fungi. 117. Describe the kingdom animalia. 118. Describe the evolution of plants. 119. Name at least one difference between a monocot and a dicot seed. 120. Name the male, female and neither parts of a flower and describe their function. 121. List and describe at least five plant adaptations to land. 122. Name a benefit of fungus. 123. Name a deficit of fungus. 124. Name the phylums of vertebrates and invertebrates that we studied in class. 125. Describe some unique inventions or aspects of sponges. 126. Describe some unique inventions or aspects of Cnidarians. 127. Describe some unique inventions or aspects of flatworms. 128. Describe some unique inventions or aspects of annelids. 129. Describe some unique inventions or aspects of arthropods. 130. Describe some unique inventions or aspects of molluscs. 131. Describe some unique inventions or aspects of echinoderms. 132. Describe some unique inventions or aspects of chordates. 133. Describe some unique characteristics of roundworms. Created by Joe Frank and Adam Finch. Chapter 34 through 38: Ecology ​
1.​
​
Name some abiotic factors that affect life in the biosphere. 2. ​
In the state of Washington, the prevailing winds blow eastward off of the ocean and up and over two mountain ranges. Biologists are searching for a rare fern plant that is known to prefer cool and wet environments, but hasn't been seen in this state for many decades. Where would the biologists most likely find the plant? 3. What type of animals most frequently live in the abiotic zone of the ocean? 4. What is the seafloor of the ocean known as? 5. Describe the photic zone of the ocean. 6. Describe Algae Blooming. 7. How does grass survive the forest fires in the savannas? 8. How do fires help to maintain savannas as grassland ecosystems? 9. What plants dominate the biome chaparral? 10. What environment is the biome chaparral limited to? 11. What biome is present in most of Iowa? 12. How have humans used most of the temperate grassland in North America? 13. ​
Which of the following biomes, dominated by cone­bearing evergreen trees, is the largest terrestrial biome? 14. Explain the problems biologists faced when tried to use sandhill cranes as surrogate parents for the cranes. 15. Explain associative learning. 16. Explain the optimal foraging theory. Created by Joe Frank and Adam Finch. 17. What is the purpose of elaborate courtship rituals 18. Define a territory 19. Why is fighting to the death an unusual form of agonistic behavior among animals? 20. Explain a clumped dispersion pattern in nature 21. What is the logistic growth model? 22. What caused the death rate of humans to drop dramatically in the 1950s? 23. What is an ecological footprint? 24. What is one interspecific interaction that is negative for both species involved 25. What is one interspecific interaction that is positive for both species involved 26. What is the main abiotic factor that distinguishes primary from secondary succession. 27. Explain the pyramid of production 28. Explain why eating meat is much less inefficient than eating vegetables 29. List the major steps in the carbon cycle 30. What does the phosphorus cycle depend on more than anything else? 31. Name the biggest threats to biodiversity 32. How does the use of nitrogen fertilizers lead to the development of coastal dead zones? 33. Global warming will mostly impact the tundra and other biomes with cooler temperatures. Created by Joe Frank and Adam Finch.