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GOOLWATER TRIM TM SuperCitriMax@ 75 DAY IPRE-MARKET' N01fIFICA7IUN APPENDIX f.: : MECHANISMS OF ACTION Overview in this Appendix there are 3 aiticies These articles provide a basic, understanding of the mechanism of 1oHf HCA works. The first article is by John Lotirenstein of Brandeis University who was ore of the key figures in Yhe early research conducted on HCA. The article entitled "Experiments with F-iydroxycitrate" is 3n overview of much of his work . His important conclusion is that the citrate cleavage pathway is the major source of carbon for the synthesis of fatty acid in ri:,t. Proving that hypothesis was made possible by using the knowledge that (+hydroxycitratp is an inhibitorof citrate cleavage enzyme The second article entitled "Tricarballylate and Hyr,lroxycitrate : Substrate and Inhibitor of ATp C'itrate Oxaloac:etate Lyase" is ; an investigation into the activity of the citrate cleavage enzyme . The si :ud~~ was also conducted by Lowen :stein and his colleagues at Brarcleis Lsriversity . !i provides evidence Via1r the (-)-isomer of hyckroxycitrate is indeed an inhibitor of citrate cleavage enzyme The third study presented in this Appendix was led by Harry PreuSs of Georgetown University Medical Centre and is an investigation of the effects of a natural extract of (-)-hydroxycitrir. acir alone and in combination with other natural ingredients an weight loss . The study was conducted under controlled circumstances on 60 moderately obese subjects . The findings afte ; 8 weeks of HCA supplemertation were that appetite, Body Mass Index, total cholesterol, low- density lipoproteins, triglyrerides and serum le:ptin levels were significantly reduced, while high density lip0protein levels and excretion of urinary fat metabolites had increased . In effect HC,? was shown to be a useful aid in a diet regime while ii: also contributed to healthy blood lip,c profiles . These three aniclEs are representative of many other Studies that have been conducted i)n the ef ects of HCA . INDEX Page Page! 116 Experiments With Q-)-Hydiroxycil:rate John M I_owenstein Tricarballylsite And Hydroxyc;itrate: Substrate And Inhibitor Of Atp l:itraF;e Oxaloacetale Lyase John A Watson, Mairie Fang ard John M Lowenszein 130 140 Page Effects o~f a natural extract of (-)-hydroxycitric acid (HC:a:5X) and a combination of H( :ja,SX pl3is niacin-bound chromium and Gymnema sylvestre extract an weight loss H G. Pr,~~us<.,1 D 9agchi,2 M 9agchi .2 G ~' . S Rao,3 D K. Dey4 and 5. Satyanarayana 5 SHANNON MINERALS LID Page 1115