Download Parts of Speech Notes

Parts of Speech Notes
Quiz – 4 November 2015
For extra practice, check out the resources in your online textbook. Go to http://mykaty.katyisd.org.
Nouns
 Word or group of words that is used to name a person, place, thing, or idea. Examples: athlete, library,
apple, peace
 Proper nouns name a particular person, place, thing or idea and are capitalized. Examples: Katy,
Texas, Cinco Ranch High School, Labor Day
 Common nouns name any one of a group of persons, places, things, or ideas and are generally not
capitalized. Examples: woman, city, school, holiday
 Concrete nouns name a person, place, or thing that can be perceived by one or more senses (sight,
hearing, taste, touch, smell). Examples: cloud, thunder, silk, yogurt, boys
 Abstract nouns name an idea, a feeling, a quality, or a characteristic. Examples: freedom, beauty,
kindness
 Compound nouns consist of two or more words used together as a single noun which may be written as
one word, as separate words, or as a hyphenated word. Examples: firefighter, fire drill, mother-in-law
 Collective nouns are words that name a group. Example: audience, committee, flock, herd, cluster
Pronouns
 Word that is used in place of one mor more nouns or pronouns. Example: he, them, several, they
 Antecedents are words that a pronoun stands for or refers to
 Personal pronouns refer to the one speaking (first person), the one spoken to (second person), or the
one spoken about (third person). Examples: I, me, my, we, us, you, your, he, she, it
 Reflexive pronouns refer to the subject of a sentence and functions as a complement or as an object of
a preposition. Example: Elena treated herself to a snack.(myself, ourselves, herself, yourself, themselves)
 Intensive pronouns emphasize their antecedents and have no grammatical function. Example: myself,
himself, itself – Albert himself organized the fundraiser.
 Demonstrative pronouns point out a specific person, place, thing, or idea. Examples: this, that, these,
those
 Interrogative pronouns introduce a question. Examples: who, whom, which, what, whose
 Relative pronouns introduce a subordinate clause. Examples: that, which, who, whom, whose
 Indefinite pronouns refer to one or more persons, places, things, or ideas that may or may not be
specifically named. Examples: all, anyone, both, everyone, each, either, many, nothing, several
Adjectives
 Word used to modify a noun or pronoun; modify means to describe. An adjective tells what kind, which
one, or how many. Examples: blue, pretty, some, five
 Demonstrative adjectives are this, that, these, and those
 Articles are a, an, and the
 Proper adjectives like proper nouns begin with a capital letter.
Verbs
 Word used to express action or a state of being. Examples: run, jump, is, am, are, was, were
 Transitive verbs express an action directed toward a person, place, or thing. Words that receive the
action are called objects. Example: Neil rang the bell (The action of the verb rang is directed toward the
object bell)
 Intransitive verbs express action (or tells something about the subject) without the action passing to a
receiver, or object. Example: The children ate quickly.
 Action verbs express either physical or mental action; can be transitive or intransitive.
 Linking verbs connect the subject to a word or word group that identifies or describes the subject
(renames). Most common linking verbs are forms of the verb be. Examples: is, are, was, were, appears,
seems, becomes
 Helping Verbs (or auxiliary verbs) help the main verb express action or state of being. Examples: do,
can, has, should, would
Adverbs
 Modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. Tells when, where, how, or to what extent. Many
adverbs end with –ly; however, you must look at the way the word is used in the sentence. Examples:
there, tomorrow, weekly, later, quickly, softly, carefully, very
 Adverbs may also introduce questions. Example: Where in the world did you find that?
 Conjuctive adverbs (or adverb connectors) are used as connecting words between independent
clauses in a compound sentence. Examples: however, therefore, nevertheless
 Relative adverbs are used to introduce adjective clauses. Example: when he drove, where he lived
Prepositions
 Word that shows the relationship of a noun or pronoun to another word. Examples: about, for, to, from,
on, under, near, beside
 The noun or pronoun that a preposition relates another word to is called the object of the preposition.
Conjunctions
 Words that join words or word groups
 Coordinating conjunctions join words or word groups that are used in the same way. These are the
FANBOYS – for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
 Correlative conjunctions are pairs of conjunctions that join words or word groups that are used in the
same way. Examples: either . . . or, neither . . . nor, not only . . . but also
 Subordinate conjunctions introduce adverb clauses or dependent clauses. Examples: since, because
Interjections
 Words that express emotion and have no grammatical relation to the rest of the sentence
 It is set off from the rest of the sentence by an exclamation point or comma
 Examples: aha, oops, ouch, whoa, wow, yikes