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VT VEGETABLE AND BERRY MEETING January 25, 2016 Ann Hazelrigg Celery anthracnose-new fungus disease-warm/high RH Michigan since 2010 causing large losses Curled and twisted foliage like herbicide injury or aster yellows virus trans by leafhoppers Celery anthracnose-rotation, fungicides, plow down Heart rot can also be caused by calcium imbalance Potato leafhoppers • 200 species of plants-potatoes, beans, raspberries • Arrives on storm fronts in spring • indicator of climate change-arriving 10 days earlier than 1950s or one day each 6 years • Migratory pests/diseases will be more affected by climate change-late blight, leaf hoppers, downy mildews, etc. CABBAGE APHIDS • Severe problem last summer/fall • 2% infestation organic/10% conventional • Gray/white waxy coating-repellant/insecticidepyrethrum, neem, insecticidal soap, mixed with an adjuvant worked in Mass. • Can build up rapidly over course of season • Migrate north, but winter growing gives overwintering bridge • Can damage growing points/head formation • Release lady bugs-Cornell • Scout early in high tunnels Onion leek moth continues to expand range Addison Chittenden Franklin Grand Isle Lamoille Orleans Orange Rutland Second generation most damaging in July/August as it feeds on emerging leaves and makes its way to bulb/base Onion leek moth • Insecticides-hard to time use traps to determine flights and apply 7-10 days later.. • Row covers • Turn under debris in fall • Rotation-more than 100-200m but can blow around Onion downy mildew-cool/moist conditions in Julycan defoliate and decrease bulb size-OW in debris Basil downy mildew-7/24 Chittenden co. Some less susceptible-Eleanora (delay by 2 weeks, but not immune Keep leaves dry, humidity low Fungicides registered but must spray early and often Late blight in potato-7/7 Likely from seed-did not spread much Tomato late blight not seen until August. Did not seem too devastating. WET in JUNE! Phytophthora fruit rot- soil borne 24 hrs saturated soil Bottom rot/web blight lettuce-wet June, soil borne fungus splashes up CUCUMBER SCAB • Cool and wet conditions, fogs, etc • Olive green spores • Summer squash/winter squash • Resistant cuke varieties • Good rotation Fungicides work but tough with prolonged wetness Crucifers-Black rot Hot water seed treatment EMBELLESIA BLOTCH • Harvest disease-largely cosmetic • Diffuse charcoal colored blotches usually restricted to first few wrappers, can be unmarketable • Spores ow in old leaf tissue so clean up old storage areas • Keep RH below 70% FUSARIUM DRY ROT Soil borne fungus Enters through basal plate Likes high RH Rotation Cull seed GARLIC BULB MITES GARLIC WHITE ROT-very destructive, cool conditions, sclerotia, long rotation out of alliums Cladosporium leaf spot Fungal disease Likes free moisture Repeated crops Spread out plants SPINACH CROWN MITE • Roots look fine • Curling/puckering at growing point • Neem spot treat Bacterial leaf blight carrot Alternaria leaf blight-more prevalent on older tissue, cercospora on newer tissue Some resistance, maintain good N fertility Black leg potato- E. caratovora/Pectobacterium • Black lesions on stems begin at the decaying seed piece, collapse • Seed borne-resides in lenticels until right conditions (under 65 cool/moist) • New seed borne disease in Maine-Dickeya • Same thing but on steroids.. • Be aware of seed source • Disinfest cutting knives • Avoid planting in wet soils Greenhouse sanitation Keep hoses off ground Clean up weeds Use clean flats Promote quick germination Avoid cool wet soils Most early season problems are noninfectious-always check NEW growth Send a sample or picture! • [email protected] • [email protected] • 656.0493 • http://pss.uvm.edu/pd/pdc/