Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Advances in Environmental Biology, 8(7) May 2014, Pages: 2339-2343 AENSI Journals Advances in Environmental Biology ISSN-1995-0756 EISSN-1998-1066 Journal home page: http://www.aensiweb.com/aeb.html Chemical Constituents and Identification of the Essential Oil of Artemisia Aucheri Boiss. in Iran 1 1 2 3 Ani Boghozian, 2Leila Amjad, 3Kahin Shahanipour Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran. Department of Biology, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran. Department of Biochemistry, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran. ARTICLE INFO Article history: Received 25 March 2014 Received in revised form 22 April 2014 Accepted 25 May 2014 Available online 10 June 2014 Key words: Artemisia aucheri, Essential oils, GC/MS. ABSTRACT Artemisia genus is an important medicinal plant in Iran. The present study was undertaken to identify the chemical components of Artemisia aucheri Boiss. in Iran. The flowers and leaves of plant collected from Isfahan province (Golpayegan) and they were analyzed by using GC/MS. The 13, 15 compounds were identified in dried flowers and leaves, respectively. The major components in flowers were: Camphene (31.047%), β-Myrcene (26.774%), Camphor (15.41%), 1,8-Cineole (11.348%). The major components in leaves were: ,8-Cineole (22.847%), Camphor (20.799%), Camphene (17.342%), α-Pinene (13.455%). In conclusion, this result showed that Artemisia aucheri might possess potential secondary metabolites that may be useful for treating a variety of diseases. © 2014 AENSI Publisher All rights reserved. To Cite This Article: Ani Boghozian, 2Leila Amjad, 3Kahin Shahanipour, Chemical Constituents and Identification of the Essential Oil of Artemisia Aucheri Boiss. in Iran . Adv. Environ. Biol., 8(7), 2339-2343, 2014 INTRODUCTION Medicnal plants can play an important role in preserving health [1]. Artemisia L. is a widespread and varied genus of the family Compasitae (Asteraceae ). Artemisia is included in the tribe Anthemideae which are manily found in Asia, Europe and Nonth America [1,4]. This genus have a high economic value as medicine, food, ornamental or soil stabilizer in disturbed habitats [16]. Artemisia aucheri Boiss. is an aromatic and native plant that distributed in Iran and this plant use in traditional medicine for treatment of various diseases and it is contain santonin, coumarin, flavonoid that this compounds have antioxidant activity [6,8]. This plant was used as astringent, antiseptic, antiparasitic, antipoisoning, appetizers, antileishmanial, antibacterial, cytotoxic, antioxidant activities and stimulants and reduces the rheumatic pains [14,3,10]. There is research on the A. aucheri extract that show reduce of TG, TC, LDL cholesterol levels and increase HDL cholesterol level. Also, the essential oil of A. aucheri have been antimicrobial and anti-malarial activity [13,5] reported that the phosphate-buffered saline extract of Artemisia aucheri flowering tops have an allergenic effect. Their results demonstrated that the numbers of eosinophils, neutrophils and amount of IgE increase in the treated animals with phosphate-buffered saline extracts of Artemisia aucheri flowering tops. Essential oils are natural compounds characterized by a strong fragrance and are organized by aromatic plants as secondary matabolites [7]. Essential oils are liquid and volatile, lipid soluble and soluble in organic solvents. They can be synthesized by all plants organs, such as flowers, stems, leaves, seeds, fruits, roots, bark or wood and are stored in glandular trichomes, secretory cells, canals and cavities [7]. The aim of this work was to assess the main components of flowers and leaves essential oil of Artemisia aucheri growing wild in Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS Collection of Plants: The flowers and leaves of wild Artemisia aucheri were collected in September, 2013 in north of Isfahan (Kashan) in Iran. The plants were identified by Dr. Feizi, Research Institue of Agriculture, Isfahan, Iran. The samples were separated and they were air-dried in shade at room temperature for seven days. Corresponding Author: Leila Amjad, Department of Biology, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran. E-mail: [email protected] 2340 Leila Amjad et al, 2014 Advances in Environmental Biology, 8(7) May 2014, Pages: 2339-2343 Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectametry ( GC-MS ) Analysis: The chemical composition of the flowers and leaves essential oil was analyzed using GC and GC-MS. The GC/MS analysis was carried out with an 20 Agilent 5975 GC-MSD system in research laboratory of Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan Branch, Isfahan, Iran. HP-5MS column (30m × 0.25mm. 0.25mm film thickness) 20 was used with helium as carrier gas (1.2mL/min). GC oven temperature was kept 20 at 50 C2 B0C for 3 min and programmed to 280 C2 B0C at a rate of 5 C2 B0C/min, and kept 20 constant at 290 C2 B0C for 3 min, at spilitless mode. The injector temperature was at 20 280 C2 B0C. Transfer 20 line temperature 280 C2 B0C. MS were taken at 70 20 eV. Mass ranger was from m/z 35 to 450. Head space GC-MS was used in this study. This method can use plant dry matter for chemical analysis. Results: GC-MS analysis of flowers and leaves essential oil identified 13, 15 main compounds, respectively. The results obtained in our study showed that major compounds of Artemisia aucheri flowers were: Camphene (31.047%), β-Myrcene (26.774%), Camphor (15.41%), 1,8-Cineole (11.348%), β-Pinene (6.766%) and α-pinene (4.460%). Other compounds were presented in amounts less than 2% (Table 1& Figure 1). The major compounds Artemisia aucheri leaves were: 1,8-Cineole (22.847%), Camphor (20.799%), Camphene (17.342%), α-Pinene (13.455%), β-Myrcene (11.995%), β-Pinene (5.611%) and Isoterpinolene (3.482%). Other compounds were showed in amounts less than 2% (Table 2 & Figure 2). Therefore, among the terpenes in flowers of Artemisia aucheri, the Camphene content was highest and in leaves, 1,8-Cineole was highest . Table 1: Chemical Composition of Artemisia aucheri Boiss. dried flowers. Compound Cyclopentane, 1,1-dimethylIsoterpinolene 3-Carene α-Pinene Camphene β-Pinene β-Myrcene 1,8-Cineole Linalool Camphor Borneol Iso-Bornyl acetate β-Caryophyllene b Rt(Retention time) Rta 5.021 6.123 6.511 6.674 7.005 7.598 7.929 8.758 10.18 11.077 11.491 13.659 15.963 Content % 0.294 1.181 1.015 4.46 31.047 6.766 26.774 11.348 0.442 15.41 0.452 0.274 0.537 Fig. 1: Typical GC-MS chromatogram of Artemisia aucheri dried flowers (Data is retention time for each component). 2341 Leila Amjad et al, 2014 Advances in Environmental Biology, 8(7) May 2014, Pages: 2339-2343 Table 2: Chemical composition of Artemisia aucheri Boiss. dried leaves. Compound Octen,7-methylIsoterpinolene Cyclohexene,3-methyl-6-1-methyl… α-Pinene Camphene β-Pinene β-Myrcene 1,8-Cineole γ-Terpinene 3-Carene Linalool Camphor Borneol Iso-Bornyl acetate β-Caryophyllene a Rt (Retention time) Rta 5.036 6.138 6.435 6.686 7.005 7.595 7.929 8.758 9.347 9.530 10.184 11.077 11.488 13.659 15.963 Content % 0.344 3.482 1.052 13.455 17.342 5.611 11.995 22.847 0.196 0.201 0.310 20.779 1.412 0.653 0.321 Fig. 2: Typical GC-MS chromatogram of Artemisia aucheri dried leaves (Data is retention time for each component) Discussion: The GC-MS analysis showed that the major constituents of the essential oils examined in our study were: hydrocarbon monoterpens, oxygenated monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. Sefidkon et al. [15] reported that the oil of aerial parts of Artemisia aucheri collected in Semnan province (Iran) were: Verbenone (21.5%), Camphor (21.0%), 1,8-Cineole (8.3%) and trans-Verbenol (8.1%) [15]. Whereas, the results of our study showed that the highest component of the flower oil was Camphene (31.047%), and the leaf oil was 1,8-Cineole (22.847%). Gharehmatrossian et al. [10] reported that the aerial parts of Artemisia aucheri have cyclic monoterpenes and monoterpene hydroperoxides. The chemical composition of volatile oil derived from Artemisia aucheri seeds was investigated by Asghari et al., [3]. Their research has been conducted on seeds. Compounds identified in significant quintities in essential oil were: Linalool (27.1%), Borneol (7.8%), Decane (5.4%), Caryophyllene oxide (4.7%) and Lavandulol (4.1%). Thus, their results showed inhibitory activity of the essential oil of Artemisia aucheri seeds against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes [3]. There are many news in the literature showing the alteration in the yield and chemical composition of the essential oil with relation to geographical regions [17]. Golparvar et al., [11 reported variation in the yield and chemical profile of essential oils from Mentha longifolia L. ectotypes, collected from different geographical locations (Isfahan and Lorestan), respectively. Factors that determine the composition of the essential oil are numerous. These variables include maturity and seasonal variation, genetic variation, growth stages, geographical origican and during methods and storage [9]. Therefore, medicinal plants growing in different geographical locations show a marked variation in 2342 Leila Amjad et al, 2014 Advances in Environmental Biology, 8(7) May 2014, Pages: 2339-2343 active ingredients during different seasons, these have environmental variables such as temperature and rain [2]. Golparvar and Hadipanah [11] reported variation in essential oil content from Thymus vulgaris L. and Salvia officinalis L. collected from Isfahan climatic locations, so that, their results showed that the harvest time, ecological and climatical conditions can be influenced in essential oil composition (Golparvar and Hadipanah, 2013). Conclusion: Evaluation between these results and the results of the other researchers showed differences in essential oil components. Differences observed may be due to the different environmental and genetic factors, different chemotypes and the nutritional status of plants. Overall, the results of this study confirmed the possibility of using Artemisia aucheri essential oils or some of their components in the pharmaceutical, food and aromatherapy. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This work was supported by Islamic Azad University, Falavarjan Branch; the authors also thank Dr. Gheisari from Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan Branch, Isfahan for their kindly aid. REFERENCES [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] Abad, MJ., LM. Bedoya, L. Apaza and P. Bermejo, 2012. The Artemisia L. gnus: A review of bioactive essential oils, Molecules, 17: 2542-2566. Ahmad, I., MSA. Ahmad, M. Hussain, M. Hameed, MYS. Ashraf and MY. Koukab, 2009. Spatiotemporal effects on species classification of medicinal plants in Soone Valley of Pakistan. Int J Agric Biol, 11: 64-68. Asghari, G., M. Jalali and E. Sadoughi, 2012. Antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of essential oil from the seeds of Artemisia aucheri Boiss., Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod, 7(1): 11-15. Ashraf, M., MQ. Hayat, S. Jabeen, N. Shaheen, MA. Khan and G. Yasmin, 2010. Artemisia L. species recognized by the local community of northern areas of Pakistan as folk therapeutic plants, J Med Plant Res, 4(2): 112-119. Babaahmadi, M., L. Amjad and SH. Roozbahani, 2013. The effect of allergenicity of Artemisia aucheri flowering taps in guinea pigs. Inter J Agric Crop Sci, 5-18: 2079-2083. Bahrami Karcondi, M., SJ. Moshtaghyan, SH. Madani, P. Manzoni, SH. Adibi and S. Kazemi, 2010. Effect of extract hydro alcholi Artemisia aucheri on fibrosis induced pulmonary by bleomycin in rats. J Shahrekord Univ Med Sci, 3(4): 33-40. Bakkali F., S. Averbeck, D. Averbeck and M. Idaomar, 2008. Biological effects of essential oils-A review, Food Chem Toxic, 46: 446-475. Dinani, NJ., A. Asgary, H. Madani, G. Naderi and P. Mahzoni, 2010. Hypocholesterolemic and antiatherosclerotic effect of artemisia aucheri in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Pak J Pharm Sci, 23(3): 321-325. Hussain, Al., F. Anwar, M. Shahid, M. Ashraf and R. Przybylski, 2010. Chemical composition, anticoidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil of Seearmint (Mentha spicata L.) from Pakistan. 22: 78-84. Gharehmatrossian S., Y. Popov, M. Ghorbanli and S. Safaeian, 2012. Antioxidant activities and cytotoxic effects of whole plant and isolated culture of Artemisia aucheri Boiss., Asian J Pharma Clin Res, 5(4): 9598. Golparvar, AR. and A. Hadipanah, 2013. Identification of the components of Sage (Salvia officinalis L.) and Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) cultivated in Isfahan climatic conditions. Electronic J Biol, 9(2): 42-45. Golparvar, AR., A. Hadipanah and MM. Gheisari, 2013. Chemical analysis and identification of the components of two ecotypes of (Mentha longifolia L.) in Iran province. Inter J Agric Crop Sci, 5-17: 19461950. Mahboubi, M., F. Ghazian Bidgolz, 2009. Biological activity of essential oil from aerial parts of Artemisia aucheri Boiss. from Iran. Herba Polonica, 55(4): 96-104. Pellicer, J., T. Garnatje and J. Valles, 2011. Artemisia (Asteraceae): Understanding its evolution using cytogenetic and molecular systematic tools, with emphasis on subgenus Dracunculus. Rec Advan Pharma Sci, 2: 199-222. Sefidcon, F., A. Jalili and T. Mirhaji, 2002. Essential oil composition of three Artemisia spp. From Iran. Flav Fragran J, 17(2): 150-152. Teixera da Silva, JA., 2004. Mining the essential oils of the Anthemideae, 3(12): 706-720. 2343 Leila Amjad et al, 2014 Advances in Environmental Biology, 8(7) May 2014, Pages: 2339-2343 [17] Van Vuuren, SF., AM. Viljoen, T. Ozek, B. Damirici and KHC. Baser, 2007. Seasonal and geographical variation of Heteropyxis natalensis essential oil and the effect there of on the antimicrobial activity. South Afr J Bot, 73(3): 441-448.