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Advances in Environmental Biology, 8(7) May 2014, Pages: 2339-2343
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Advances in Environmental Biology
ISSN-1995-0756
EISSN-1998-1066
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Chemical Constituents and Identification of the Essential Oil of Artemisia
Aucheri Boiss. in Iran
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1
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Ani Boghozian, 2Leila Amjad, 3Kahin Shahanipour
Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
Department of Biology, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
Department of Biochemistry, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
ARTICLE INFO
Article history:
Received 25 March 2014
Received in revised form 22 April
2014
Accepted 25 May 2014
Available online 10 June 2014
Key words:
Artemisia aucheri, Essential oils,
GC/MS.
ABSTRACT
Artemisia genus is an important medicinal plant in Iran. The present study was
undertaken to identify the chemical components of Artemisia aucheri Boiss. in Iran.
The flowers and leaves of plant collected from Isfahan province (Golpayegan) and they
were analyzed by using GC/MS. The 13, 15 compounds were identified in dried flowers
and leaves, respectively. The major components in flowers were: Camphene (31.047%),
β-Myrcene (26.774%), Camphor (15.41%), 1,8-Cineole (11.348%). The major
components in leaves were: ,8-Cineole (22.847%), Camphor (20.799%), Camphene
(17.342%), α-Pinene (13.455%). In conclusion, this result showed that Artemisia
aucheri might possess potential secondary metabolites that may be useful for treating a
variety of diseases.
© 2014 AENSI Publisher All rights reserved.
To Cite This Article: Ani Boghozian, 2Leila Amjad, 3Kahin Shahanipour, Chemical Constituents and Identification of the Essential Oil of
Artemisia Aucheri Boiss. in Iran . Adv. Environ. Biol., 8(7), 2339-2343, 2014
INTRODUCTION
Medicnal plants can play an important role in preserving health [1]. Artemisia L. is a widespread and
varied genus of the family Compasitae (Asteraceae ). Artemisia is included in the tribe Anthemideae which are
manily found in Asia, Europe and Nonth America [1,4]. This genus have a high economic value as medicine,
food, ornamental or soil stabilizer in disturbed habitats [16].
Artemisia aucheri Boiss. is an aromatic and native plant that distributed in Iran and this plant use in
traditional medicine for treatment of various diseases and it is contain santonin, coumarin, flavonoid that this
compounds have antioxidant activity [6,8]. This plant was used as astringent, antiseptic, antiparasitic,
antipoisoning, appetizers, antileishmanial, antibacterial, cytotoxic, antioxidant activities and stimulants and
reduces the rheumatic pains [14,3,10]. There is research on the A. aucheri extract that show reduce of TG, TC,
LDL cholesterol levels and increase HDL cholesterol level. Also, the essential oil of A. aucheri have been
antimicrobial and anti-malarial activity [13,5] reported that the phosphate-buffered saline extract of Artemisia
aucheri flowering tops have an allergenic effect. Their results demonstrated that the numbers of eosinophils,
neutrophils and amount of IgE increase in the treated animals with phosphate-buffered saline extracts of
Artemisia aucheri flowering tops.
Essential oils are natural compounds characterized by a strong fragrance and are organized by aromatic
plants as secondary matabolites [7]. Essential oils are liquid and volatile, lipid soluble and soluble in organic
solvents. They can be synthesized by all plants organs, such as flowers, stems, leaves, seeds, fruits, roots, bark
or wood and are stored in glandular trichomes, secretory cells, canals and cavities [7].
The aim of this work was to assess the main components of flowers and leaves essential oil of Artemisia
aucheri growing wild in Iran.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Collection of Plants:
The flowers and leaves of wild Artemisia aucheri were collected in September, 2013 in north of Isfahan
(Kashan) in Iran. The plants were identified by Dr. Feizi, Research Institue of Agriculture, Isfahan, Iran. The
samples were separated and they were air-dried in shade at room temperature for seven days.
Corresponding Author: Leila Amjad, Department of Biology, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
E-mail: [email protected]
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Advances in Environmental Biology, 8(7) May 2014, Pages: 2339-2343
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectametry ( GC-MS ) Analysis:
The chemical composition of the flowers and leaves essential oil was analyzed using GC and GC-MS. The
GC/MS analysis was carried out with an 20 Agilent 5975 GC-MSD system in research laboratory of Islamic
Azad University, Khorasgan Branch, Isfahan, Iran. HP-5MS column (30m × 0.25mm. 0.25mm film thickness)
20 was used with helium as carrier gas (1.2mL/min). GC oven temperature was kept 20 at 50 C2 B0C for 3 min
and programmed to 280 C2 B0C at a rate of 5 C2 B0C/min, and kept 20 constant at 290 C2 B0C for 3 min, at
spilitless mode. The injector temperature was at 20 280 C2 B0C. Transfer 20 line temperature 280 C2 B0C. MS
were taken at 70 20 eV. Mass ranger was from m/z 35 to 450. Head space GC-MS was used in this study. This
method can use plant dry matter for chemical analysis.
Results:
GC-MS analysis of flowers and leaves essential oil identified 13, 15 main compounds, respectively. The
results obtained in our study showed that major compounds of Artemisia aucheri flowers were: Camphene
(31.047%), β-Myrcene (26.774%), Camphor (15.41%), 1,8-Cineole (11.348%), β-Pinene (6.766%) and α-pinene
(4.460%). Other compounds were presented in amounts less than 2% (Table 1& Figure 1).
The major compounds Artemisia aucheri leaves were: 1,8-Cineole (22.847%), Camphor (20.799%),
Camphene (17.342%), α-Pinene (13.455%), β-Myrcene (11.995%), β-Pinene (5.611%) and Isoterpinolene
(3.482%). Other compounds were showed in amounts less than 2% (Table 2 & Figure 2).
Therefore, among the terpenes in flowers of Artemisia aucheri, the Camphene content was highest and in
leaves, 1,8-Cineole was highest .
Table 1: Chemical Composition of Artemisia aucheri Boiss. dried flowers.
Compound
Cyclopentane, 1,1-dimethylIsoterpinolene
3-Carene
α-Pinene
Camphene
β-Pinene
β-Myrcene
1,8-Cineole
Linalool
Camphor
Borneol
Iso-Bornyl acetate
β-Caryophyllene
b
Rt(Retention time)
Rta
5.021
6.123
6.511
6.674
7.005
7.598
7.929
8.758
10.18
11.077
11.491
13.659
15.963
Content %
0.294
1.181
1.015
4.46
31.047
6.766
26.774
11.348
0.442
15.41
0.452
0.274
0.537
Fig. 1: Typical GC-MS chromatogram of Artemisia aucheri dried flowers (Data is retention time for each
component).
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Advances in Environmental Biology, 8(7) May 2014, Pages: 2339-2343
Table 2: Chemical composition of Artemisia aucheri Boiss. dried leaves.
Compound
Octen,7-methylIsoterpinolene
Cyclohexene,3-methyl-6-1-methyl…
α-Pinene
Camphene
β-Pinene
β-Myrcene
1,8-Cineole
γ-Terpinene
3-Carene
Linalool
Camphor
Borneol
Iso-Bornyl acetate
β-Caryophyllene
a
Rt (Retention time)
Rta
5.036
6.138
6.435
6.686
7.005
7.595
7.929
8.758
9.347
9.530
10.184
11.077
11.488
13.659
15.963
Content %
0.344
3.482
1.052
13.455
17.342
5.611
11.995
22.847
0.196
0.201
0.310
20.779
1.412
0.653
0.321
Fig. 2: Typical GC-MS chromatogram of Artemisia aucheri dried leaves (Data is retention time for each
component)
Discussion:
The GC-MS analysis showed that the major constituents of the essential oils examined in our study were:
hydrocarbon monoterpens, oxygenated monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes.
Sefidkon et al. [15] reported that the oil of aerial parts of Artemisia aucheri collected in Semnan province
(Iran) were: Verbenone (21.5%), Camphor (21.0%), 1,8-Cineole (8.3%) and trans-Verbenol (8.1%) [15].
Whereas, the results of our study showed that the highest component of the flower oil was Camphene
(31.047%), and the leaf oil was 1,8-Cineole (22.847%).
Gharehmatrossian et al. [10] reported that the aerial parts of Artemisia aucheri have cyclic monoterpenes
and monoterpene hydroperoxides.
The chemical composition of volatile oil derived from Artemisia aucheri seeds was investigated by Asghari
et al., [3]. Their research has been conducted on seeds. Compounds identified in significant quintities in
essential oil were: Linalool (27.1%), Borneol (7.8%), Decane (5.4%), Caryophyllene oxide (4.7%) and
Lavandulol (4.1%). Thus, their results showed inhibitory activity of the essential oil of Artemisia aucheri seeds
against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes [3]. There are many news in the
literature showing the alteration in the yield and chemical composition of the essential oil with relation to
geographical regions [17]. Golparvar et al., [11 reported variation in the yield and chemical profile of essential
oils from Mentha longifolia L. ectotypes, collected from different geographical locations (Isfahan and Lorestan),
respectively. Factors that determine the composition of the essential oil are numerous. These variables include
maturity and seasonal variation, genetic variation, growth stages, geographical origican and during methods and
storage [9]. Therefore, medicinal plants growing in different geographical locations show a marked variation in
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Advances in Environmental Biology, 8(7) May 2014, Pages: 2339-2343
active ingredients during different seasons, these have environmental variables such as temperature and rain [2].
Golparvar and Hadipanah [11] reported variation in essential oil content from Thymus vulgaris L. and Salvia
officinalis L. collected from Isfahan climatic locations, so that, their results showed that the harvest time,
ecological and climatical conditions can be influenced in essential oil composition (Golparvar and Hadipanah,
2013).
Conclusion:
Evaluation between these results and the results of the other researchers showed differences in essential oil
components. Differences observed may be due to the different environmental and genetic factors, different
chemotypes and the nutritional status of plants. Overall, the results of this study confirmed the possibility of
using Artemisia aucheri essential oils or some of their components in the pharmaceutical, food and
aromatherapy.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This work was supported by Islamic Azad University, Falavarjan Branch; the authors also thank Dr. Gheisari
from Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan Branch, Isfahan for their kindly aid.
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