* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download document 8851811
Survey
Document related concepts
Plant defense against herbivory wikipedia , lookup
Plant breeding wikipedia , lookup
Plant use of endophytic fungi in defense wikipedia , lookup
History of botany wikipedia , lookup
Plant physiology wikipedia , lookup
Plant evolutionary developmental biology wikipedia , lookup
Plant morphology wikipedia , lookup
Flowering plant wikipedia , lookup
Plant ecology wikipedia , lookup
Plant reproduction wikipedia , lookup
Glossary of plant morphology wikipedia , lookup
Flora of the Indian epic period wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Green Spring Gardens 4603 Green Spring Rd ● Alexandria ● VA 22312 Phone: 703-642-5173 ● TTY: 703-803-3354 www.fairfaxcounty.gov/parks/greenspring ORNAMENTAL PLANTS WITH SPRING BLOOM AND FRUIT IN THE VIRGINIA NATIVE PLANT GARDEN Scientific Name of Ornamental Plants with Spring Bloom (February, March, April and/or May) Aesculus flava (large tree) Common Name Month of Bloom Yellow Buckeye May (possibly late Light yellow April in some years) A. sylvatica (shrub or small tree) Amelanchier species, hybrids, & cultivars Amsonia tabernaemontana & ‘Montana’ Anemone acutiloba (Hepatica acutiloba or H. nobilis var. acuta no longer valid) Painted Buckeye Juneberry, Serviceberry, Shadblow April, May March, April Eastern Bluestar Sharp-Lobed Hepatica A. americana (Hepatica americana or H. nobilis var. obtusa no longer valid) Round-Lobed Hepatica April, May Light blue White March, April (plants sometimes decline over time so one of these species may be gone in 2017 – can be a challenge to grow) A. virginiana Tall Anemone, Thimbleweed Antennaria plantaginifolia (little left in 2016 except in woodland close to lower pond) A. virginica Aquilegia canadensis Aralia nudicalis Plantain-Leaved Pussytoes Shale Barren Pussytoes Wild Columbine Wild Sarsaparilla Arisaema triphyllum (frequently dies off Jack-In-The-Pulpit in old locations & reseeds – has been a challenge to grow in the Virginia Native Plant Garden) Aristolochia macrophylla Pipevine, Dutchman’s Pipe (Isotrema macrophyllum in the Flora of Virginia but not the accepted name) 1 Color of Bloom Cream White May (easy to grow but not as showy as above species) March, April, May White March, April, May April (possibly May as well) April, May Red & yellow Greenish white (subtle) Purple & green May Yellow green with brownish purple coloring in the center Aronia arbutifolia ‘Brilliantissima’ Red Chokeberry April, May A. melanocarpa Lo Scape Hedger ('UCOBNNAM166') Asarum canadense (deciduous species) Black Chokeberry May Wild Ginger April, May (Flowers of this genus hard to see often hidden by leaves or leaf litter) Evergreen species of Asarum or Hexastylis: Asarum shuttleworthii (scientific name in Tropicos) or Hexastylis shuttleworthii (scientific name in Encyclopedia of Life; Flora of Virginia lists as H. lewisii). Asclepias purpurascens (does better in Entrance Garden in soils with more moisture) A. tuberosa Asimina triloba White Reddish brown Large-Flower Heartleaf (‘Callaway’ is a selection of a more southern variety or ecotype. Other evergreen species have been harder to grow.) Purple Milkweed Begins in late May Greenish purple Butterfly Weed Common Pawpaw Orange Purple (best viewed up close) Note: A. parviflora (Small-Flowered Pawpaw; another species in the Virginia Native Plant Garden) – found in a few counties in southeastern Virginia Baptisia alba White Wild Indigo (B. albescens in the Flora of Virginia) April, May Late April, May B. australis Bignonia capreolata Blue Wild Indigo Cross Vine Caltha palustris Calycanthus floridus (‘Edith Wilder’ & ‘Big George’ are fragrant) Yellow Marsh Marigold Eastern Sweetshrub, Carolina Allspice Carex grayi (wetter area in stream valley) Gray’s Sedge April, May March, April, May (heaviest flowering later in the spring & early summer) May C. plantaginea (more upland areas) (Other species in the garden as well.) Caulophyllum thalictroides (deer have damaged plants so seldom bloom now; not an easy plant to grow) Cercis canadensis Plantain-Leaved Sedge March, April Blue Cohosh March, April (May is also reported) March, April Chionanthus virginicus Chrysogonum virginianum Claytonia virginica Fringe Tree Green and Gold Spring Beauty April, May Eastern Redbud April, May April, May February, March, April, May 2 Pinkish purple White Blue Orange or red, depending on the selection Yellow Maroon; some are fragrant Green for most but C. plantaginea is brown Yellow green Magenta & sometimes pink White Yellow White to pink with deeper pink stripes Clematis ochroleuca (herbaceous perennial) Curlyheads April, May Whitish Northern Leatherflower, Vase Vine C. viorna (woody vine; hybridized with Clematis plants in the Vegetable Garden so many shoots removed in 2016) Comptonia peregrina Sweetfern Begins in late May Coreopsis major Woodland Coreopsis Begins in late May Reddish purple with some white at tips Yellow green (subtle) Golden yellow C. verticillata ‘Grandiflora’ (‘Golden Showers’) & ‘Zagreb’ Cornus florida & ‘Cherokee Princess’ Threadleaf Coreopsis Flowering Dogwood C. racemosa & Gray Dogwood Geauga ('Geazam')(species type plant is hard to see) March, April, May Bracts are white (true flowers small) May Note: C. amomum (Silky Dogwood) & C. sericea (C. stolonifera; Redosier Dogwood) are hard to see since they are along stream – both have May bloom Crataegus viridis 'Winter King' Winter King Hawthorn Delphinium tricorne (need to increase Dwarf Larkspur numbers since some damaged or killed by bridge construction) Dicentra eximia Wild Bleeding Heart (foliage all growing season) Note: D. cucullaria (Dutchman’s Breeches) is a spring ephemeral (foliage goes dormant in summer) & has white blooms in March & April. It was likely destroyed during bridge construction but it will be replanted. Echinacea purpurea (naturalized in Virginia from further west & south) – The true native E. laevigata is endangered; it is even difficult to grow hybrids between the 2 species. Elymus hystrix (Hystrix patula) Enemion biternatum (scientific name in Encyclopedia of Life) or Isopyrum biternatum (scientific name in Tropicos) Late March, April May March, April, May White Blue April, May (a few may start in late March in some years) Pink Purple Coneflower Begins in late May Pink with a purple center Bottlebrush Grass Begins in late May Green False Rue Anemone, Eastern False Rue Anemone March, April, May White 3 Erigeron annuus Annual Fleabane, Eastern Daisy Fleabane (annual that reseeds readily so only allow to remain in some areas) E. pulchellus Robin’s Plantain (herbaceous perennial; found on soils in nature with higher calcium levels - calcareous soils; harder to grow in our region than the above) Yellow Trout Lily April Erythronium americanum May White Blue, purple, or white Euonymus americanus American Euonymus, Heart’s–A-Bustin’ Euphorbia corollata Flowering Spurge Gelsemium sempervirens Geranium maculatum Yellow Jessamine Wild Geranium Halesia tetraptera (no longer classified as H. carolina) Heliopsis helianthoides Heuchera americana Common Silverbell Golden yellow (each year only a few plants bloom) May Greenish (not showy – fruit is showy in the fall) Begins some years White in late May March, April, May Golden yellow April, May Lavender (sometimes late March) March, April White False Sunflower American Alumroot Begins in late May Begins late May Hydrastis canadensis Hydrangea arborescens ‘Annabelle’ (double flowered form; too early for the single flowered species type) Hydrophyllum virginianum Golden Seal Annabelle Hydrangea April, May Begins in late May Virginia Waterleaf May Iris cristata Dwarf Crested Iris April, May I. prismatica Itea virginica cultivars Jeffersonia diphylla Slender Blue Iris, Slender Blue Flag Virginia Sweetspire Twinleaf Kalmia latifolia cultivars Mountain Laurel May May March, April (individual flowers short-lived) May Leucothoe axillaris Coastal Leucothoe, Coastal Doghobble April, May Many colors for cultivars - pink, white, & combinations (some banded w/ burgundy) White L. fontanesiana Drooping Leucothoe, Mountain Doghobble Spicebush March, April Yellow Lindera benzoin 4 Golden yellow Greenish, white, or pink (small so grown more for foliage) White White White or pink purple Blue Light blue White White Liriodendron tulipifera Tulip Tree May Lonicera sempervirens ‘Blanche Sandman’ Trumpet Honeysuckle Magnolia acuminata (large tree selection here) Cucumbertree Magnolia Possibly March, April, May (planted in 2016) May M. macrophylla (large leaves; further back so hard to see) Bigleaf Magnolia M. tripetala (large leaves as well but plants are easy to see) Umbrella Magnolia Greenish yellow with orange at base within (nice but hard to see) Orange red flowers for cultivar Yellow green Maianthemum racemosum (Smilacina racemosa) False Solomon's Seal More southern forms of M. White acuminata are found from NC & further south (once classified as var. subcordata but no longer valid): some plants have more yellow pigment in the flowers & are shorter plants. These forms have been used in breeding work for yellow flowered Magnolia hybrids & cultivars. Cultivars of the southern form are in other gardens at Green Spring. May White Maianthemum stellatum (Smilacina stellata) Meehania cordata Mertensia virginica Star-Flowered False Solomon’s Seal, Starry False Solomon’s Seal Meehan's Mint Virginia Bluebells May March, April, May Monarda didyma & cultivars (M. clinopodia or Basil Bee Balm can begin to flower in late May, but little is left in the garden – white flowers) Napaea dioica Bee Balm Begins in late May Lavender blue Sky blue (some flowers turn pink as they fade, & some plants have flowers that are more pink initially than others) Red Glade Mallow (grown primarily for large leaves) Sweet Cicely Golden Ragwort Begins in late May White (subtle) April, May March, April, May White Golden yellow Sweet Bay Magnolia M. virginiana The more southern type ‘Henry Hicks’ is in the Native Mixed Border by the Townhouse Gardens fence - the leaves are more evergreen. The local species type is across the Turkeycock Run bridge - it is native to the site. It is growing in the magnolia bog/ seepage swamp & the adjacent woods. Osmorhiza claytonia Packera aurea (Senecio aureus) 5 Penstemon digitalis White Penstemon P. hirsutus (if no longer in the garden will replant in 2017 from the Vista Garden; shorter plant than the above) Phacelia bipinnatifida Hairy Penstemon Phlox divaricata Wild Blue Phlox March, April, May (fragrant flowers; mistakenly planted a light flowered cultivar at one time - keep removing lighter flowered forms. P. glaberrima Smooth Phlox Fern-Leaved Phacelia, Forest Phacelia May White to pale violet Lavender & white March, April, May Blue to lavender blue Sky blue May Pink P. stolonifera ‘Sherwood Purple’ Creeping Phlox (the ‘Blue Ridge’ form may still be alive) April, May ‘Sherwood Purple’ is lavender; species ranges from red-purple to pink or lavender (rarely white) P. subulata & cultivars Moss Phlox February, March, April, May Podophyllum peltatum Polemonium reptans Mayapple Spreading Jacob's Ladder Polygonatum biflorum Prosartes lanuginosa (Disporum lanuginosum) Prunus serotina Ptelea trifoliata Smooth Solomon's Seal Yellow Fairybells April, May April, May (sometimes in late March) April, May April, May Pink for species; light blue for ‘Blue Hills’ White Blue Black Cherry Hop Tree May May White Greenish white Rhododendron atlanticum Coast Azalea May White to light pink R. calendulaceum Flame Azalea Orange is most common. Cultivars also have been selected with yellow or reddish orange flowers. R. periclymenoides Pinxterbloom Azalea Pink to pinkish white 6 Greenish white Yellow Rhododendron periclymenoides hybrid Hybrid Azalea found in nature (possibly with R. atlanticum) – may have declined since in heavy shade under Magnolia tripetala Roseshell Azalea R. prinophyllum March, April, May Light pink April, May Pink White (‘Lemon Drop’ blooms later) Yellowish (fruit is showier than flowers) White (fragrant) Pink Blue or violet R. viscosum Swamp Azalea Begins in late May Rhus aromatica & the dwarf ‘Gro-Low’ Fragrant Sumac April & May Robinia pseudoacacia Black Locust April, May Rubus odoratus Salvia lyrata (purple-leaved form) Sanguinaria canadensis Sassafras albidum Flowering Raspberry Purple Lyreleaf Salvia Begins in late May May Bloodroot Sassafras March, April April Scutellaria serrata Sedum ternatum Sisyrinchium angustifolium Staphylea trifolia Showy Skullcap Wild Stonecrop Narrowleaf Blue-Eyed Grass American Bladdernut Stellaria pubera Star Chickweed Stylophorum diphyllum Yellow Wood Poppy Symplocarpus foetidus (most plants are in wet areas that are hard to see) Skunk Cabbage Thalictrum dioicum (in bridge construction zone so may need to replant in 2017) Early Meadow Rue T. pubescens Tall Meadow Rue May T. thalictroides (Anemonella thalictroides) Tiarella cordifolia Rue Anemone March, April, May Foamflower Tradescantia virginiana & hybrids Virginia Spiderwort Trillium erectum T. flexipes T. grandiflorum Red Trillium NoddingTrillium Great White Trillium T. sessile Sessile Trillium, Toadshade April, May (March in White some years) April, May Light blue for the species; blue & lilac for the hybrids Red April, early May White April White & turning April, May (also pink as ages March in some years) Maroon April, May 7 White Greenish yellow May Blue May White May Blue April, early May White or Greenish white April, May (March in White some years) Late March, April, Golden yellow May February, March Purplish & (January in some green years; looks like it’s in bloom longer) April Golden stamens & brown (subtle) White Uvularia grandiflora Large-Flowered Bellwort, Merrybells Yellow Perfoliate Bellwort, Merrybells April, May (also March in some years) April, May U. perfoliata U. sessilifolia & ‘Variegata’ Sessile-Leaved Bellwort, Merrybells March, April, May Vaccinium corymbosum Highbush Blueberry April, May Greenish yellow White Other species as well such as V. stamineum (Deerberry) - May blooming flowers greenish or suffused with purple; fruit not eaten by people so less commonly grown. Verbesina alternifolia Wingstem Viburnum acerifolium Mapleleaf Viburnum V. dentatum Arrowwood Viburnum & V. dentatum var. lucidum (in the Flora of Southern Arrowwood Viburnum, Virginia & in Tropicos) or Smooth Arrowwood Viburnum V. recognitum (preferred by the Encyclopedia of Life) Pale yellow Late May some Yellow years (light bloom – a summer bloomer) May (may see some White blooms in April in warmer years) V. lentago Nannyberry Viburnum V. nudum (var. nudum) Possumhaw Viburnum, Smooth Witherod Viburnum V. prunifolium (small tree) Blackhaw Viburnum March, April, May V. rufidulum (small tree) Viola canadensis Southern Blackhaw Viburnum Canada Violet, Tall White Violet March, April, May V. pubescens Yellow Violet Yellow V. sororia Common Blue Violet V. striata Wisteria frutescens Striped Cream Violet American Wisteria, Swamp Wisteria Yellowroot Zenobia, Honeycup Meadow Zizia, Heartleaf Alexanders, Golden Alexanders May Deep violet or blue; one form is blue, gray, & violet Cream Lavender March, April, May May Purple brown White Xanthorhiza simplicissima Zenobia pulverulenta Zizia aptera (basal leaves are simple) White March (a few Golden yellow blooms), April, May Z. aurea (basal leaves are compound; in Golden Zizia, Golden Alexanders other gardens at Green Spring as well) Note: blooms of many trees that are wind pollinated are not included on this list (some are attractive early in 8 the spring, such as red maple and boxelder maple). Scientific Name of Plants with Common Name Ornamental Fruit in Spring Amelanchier species, hybrids, & cultivars Juneberry, Serviceberry, Shadblow Vaccinium corymbosum Highbush Blueberry Month of Fruiting Color of Fruit (June also listed) May (also June) Purple to purplish black Late May (also Blue June) Deer damage has been extensive for several years (damage levels have been increasing since 2007). Some plants have died due feeding injury, while some woody plants have died due to bark injury during the rut (breeding season). In addition, some plant that used to bloom well have their blooms eaten off or are reduced in vigor enough that they don’t bloom anymore. The number of plants of many species has declined. Scientific Names Of Plants - Current Names Are From: Encyclopedia of Life (http://eol.org/) – institutional partners include Harvard University, the Missouri Botanical Garden, the Smithsonian Institution, and The Field Museum. Tropicos from the Missouri Botanical Garden (http://tropicos.org/) If a second scientific name is given, it is usually an old name that is still seen in some references or used by some nurseries. However, the above databases do not always agree on names. Other References: Flora of Virginia. Alan Weakley, J. Christopher Ludwig, and John Townsend. 2012. BRIT Press. Botanical Research Institute of Texas. The Kemper Center for Home Gardening Plantfinder at the Missouri Botanical Garden is an excellent reference for plant names, gardening information, and photographs (http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/plantfinder/plantfindersearch.aspx). It features plants in their Kemper Center display gardens and is an excellent website about ornamental plants. Landscaping With Native Plants. Maryland Native Plant Society. (http://www.mdflora.org/resources/Publications/GardenersGuidelines/LandscapingNatives.pdf). This booklet is also available in print form. The Lady Bird Wildflower Center at the University of Texas in Austin has developed the Native Plant Information Network for native plants (http://www.wildflower.org/explore/). Native Plants for Northern Virginia (http://www.plantnovanatives.org/). This booklet is also available in print form. It is a publication of the Plant NoVA Natives initiative, which includes the Virginia Native Plant Society. USDA PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov/java/) - this database focuses on plants native to the U.S. and to U.S. Territories and Protectorates, as well as naturalized non-natives and invasives. It is also used to determine distribution within Virginia by county. Prepared by Brenda Skarphol, curatorial horticulturist at Green Spring Gardens. 9 Revised 8-21-16. A publication of Fairfax County, VA 08/2016 For ADA accommodations and/or alternative formats, please call 703-324-8563 at least 10 working days in advance of the event. TTY 703-803-3354 10