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Transcript
Name Date Class C22L3 Lesson Outline LESSON 3 How Ecosystems Change A. How Land Ecosystems Change 1. is the process of one ecological community changing into another. 2. The final stage of succession in a land ecosystem is the , which is stable for long periods of time. In these communities, of the same species tend to replace each other over time. 3. Climax communities differ depending on the that they occur in. 4. is ecological succession that occurs in areas where there is little or no soil. 5. The first species that colonize new or undisturbed land are . These species include some and . 6. After a volcano erupts, molten cools and hardens into Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. bare rock. a. spores are carried by the wind and settle on the rock. Lichens release that break down the rock. b. Broken-down rock and nutrients from decaying lichens help create c. . from mosses and ferns settle in thin soil on the side of a volcano, and plants soon sprout. d. Plant parts help build up the layer. e. After many years, the soil becomes deep enough for many different types of 7. to grow. takes place in areas where ecosystems have been disturbed. a. During secondary succession, a(n) might develop over time. b. Open fields can become a(n) if they are left undisturbed. Biomes and Ecosystems 49 Name Date Class C22L3 Lesson Outline continued B. How Freshwater Ecosystems Change 1. Freshwater ecosystems change over time in a natural, predictable process called 2. . carried by rainwater and streams accumulate on the bottoms of ponds, lakes, and wetlands. The organisms add to the buildup of soil. of dead 3. As time passes, more and more soil accumulates. Eventually, so much has collected that the water disappears and the area becomes . 4. As decaying organisms fall to the bottom of a wetland, lake, or pond, they add to the water. a. is the process of a body of water becoming nutrient-rich. b. Humans contribute to eutrophication when fertilizers or pollution run off into a pond or lake, increasing concentrations. c. High nutrient levels in freshwater bodies support large populations of up 50 . Biomes and Ecosystems Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. and other microscopic organisms. When these organisms die, their bodies decay and add to the buildup of soil, speeding