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Communities & Biomes Biotic & Abiotic Factors Biotic = Living organisms Abiotic = Nonliving Soil,Air,Water Substrate 1.Community: Biotic factors All the Plants & Animals In a given area ? Community of Del Mar Forest Community •Deciduou ………….. s trees •Deer •Fox •Skunks •Insects •Shrubs •Grasses Ecosystem: Both biotic and abiotic factors in a large area: 2. Limiting Factor Limits Growth Biotic or Abiotic Too much or Too little Ranges of Tolerance 100 80 60 40 20 0 10 15 20 25 30 snail Range over which a population or organism can successfully survive & grow Too much or too little of an environmental factor can be limiting 3. Succession Orderly change Over time Natural Species Replacement In a community or ecosystem Succession communities: 2. Intermediat e species 1.Pioneer species 3. Climax community Pioneer species: Lichens (algae & fungi) break apart rock to make soil Grasses Annual flowers Mosses Climax Community: final set of organisms suited to that climate Deciduous Climax Forest San Diego Coastal Sage & Chaparral Climax Community Types of Succession Primary 1st time plants or animals are established New island Volcanoes Bare soil, rock Secondary After a “blowout” Re-establish a community Already had living organisms Fire, flood, human disruption New island= Primary Succession Secondary Succession will follow! Primary Or Secondary? BOTH PRIMARY & SECONDARY have these Succession communities: 2. Intermediate species 1.Pioneer species 3. Climax community Biome biotic community dominant plants and animals unique climate Biomes of the World BIOMES Tundra Coniferous Forest Deciduous Forest Desert Grassland Rainforest
