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Oracle: From Client Server to the Grid and beyond Graham Wood Architect, RDBMS Development Oracle Corporation Continuous Innovation Oracle 8i Automatic Storage Management Transparent Data Encryption Self Managing Database Oracle 8 Oracle 7 Oracle 6 Oracle 5 Oracle 2 and beyond… Grid Computing XML Database Oracle Data Guard Real Application Clusters Flashback Query Virtual Private Database Built in Java VM Partitioning Partitioning Support Built in in Messaging Object Relational Support Multimedia Support Oracle 10g Oracle 9i Data Warehousing Optimizations Parallel Operations RowRow-level locking Distributed SQL & Transaction Support Cluster and MPP Support MultiMulti-version Read Consistency Client/Server Support Platform Portability Commercial SQL Implementation 1977 2007 How Oracle came to be… y 1976 LJE – System R White Paper y 1977 Founded Software Development Laboratories (SDL) – Bob Miner, Ed Oates, Bruce Scott and Larry Ellison y 1979 Relational Software, Inc. (RSI) – Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park y 1979 Oracle V2 First RDBMS: Version 2 June 1979 y FIRST Commercial SQL RDBMS y Impressive First SQL – – Joins, Subqueries Outer Joins, Connect By y A Simple Server – No transactions, ‘Limited’ Reliability y Two task architecture as 16 bit system allowed only 64K process size y Written in Macro-11 Portability: Version 3 March 1983 y New Implementation Designed for Portability – – Written in ‘C’ Single Source y Used VAX/VMS shared memory capabilities for secure single task architecture y Architectural Changes – – Transactions, but no multi-versioning AI/BI files y Oracle Corporation – name established – Selling the idea of Relational Database Reliability: Version 4 October 1984 y Larger Installed Base (well, it had one) y Architectural Improvements – Read Consistency & Multiversioning Multi-Version Concurrency: Version 4 Query y Queries see consistent data y No read locks, unlimited rowlevel update locks y Better performance X Reliability: Version 4 October 1984 y Larger Installed Base (well, it had one) y Architectural Improvements – Read Consistency & Multiversioning* y Portability: From Mainframe to Desktop – – – VM, MVS VAX MS-DOS (in less than 640k!) y Portability , Compatibility, Capability y Portable, Portable, Portable, Portable, Portable Reliability: Version 4 October 1984 y Larger Installed Base (well, it had one) y Architectural Improvements – Read Consistency & Multiversioning* y Portability: From Mainframe to Desktop – – – VM, MVS VAX MS-DOS (in less than 640k!) y Portability , Compatibility, Capability y Portable, Portable, Portable, Portable, Portable Cooperative Server: Version 5 April 1985 y 1st Client/Server support y Cooperative Server – – Distributed Processing Parallel Server y Portability – – V5 was first to go beyond 640K memory on PCs Single-user for Macintosh o/s Portability , Compatibility, Capability, Connectability Cooperative Server: Version 5 April 1985 y 1st Client/Server support y Cooperative Server – – Distributed Processing Parallel Server y Portability – – IBM releases DB2 for MVS V5 was first to go beyond 640K memory on PCs Single-user for Macintosh o/s Portability , Compatibility, Capability, Connectability Parallel Server (RAC today) Transaction Processing: Version 6 July 1988 y New Architecture y Performance and Scalability (first SMP) y TPO - Unlimited row locks y Hot backups y Oracle Parallel Server y PL/SQL (client side) Cooperative Server: Oracle7 June 1992 y Architectural and Performance Improvements – – – Shared SQL Cost-based query optimization DBA features improve ease of administration y Data Integrity and Security Enhancements – – – ANSI/ISO standard SQL with declarative integrity Roles-based security model simplifies security Trusted Oracle7 adds multilevel security Cooperative Server: Oracle7 June 1992 y Architectural and Performance Improvements – – – Shared SQL MS “partners” Cost-based query optimization DBA features improve ease of administration with Sybase y Data Integrity and Security Enhancements – – – ANSI/ISO standard SQL with declarative integrity Roles-based security model simplifies security Trusted Oracle7 adds multilevel security Cooperative Server: Oracle7 June 1992 y V6 was all about architecture, V7 about features – – – – – – – – – Stored Procedures Triggers Alerts Pipes Transparent 2PC Replication XA support Gateways to legacy systems ……….. y MPP OPS Oracle7.1 May 1994 y ANSI/ISO SQL92 Entry Level y Advanced Replication – Symmetric Data replication y Snapshot Refresh Groups y Parallel Recovery y Parallel Query Options – query, index creation, data loading y Read Only tablespaces Oracle8.0 “Warning Objects may be closer than they appear” June 1997 y Object Relational database y SQL3 standard y Partitioned Tables y Advanced Queuing for message handling y Parallel DML y Net8 Connection Pooling y Performance improvements in OPS y The year of the ‘Cartridge’ (image, video, time, spatial) y TSPITR y RMAN - Incremental backups, parallel backup/recovery y Index Organized tables y Deferred integrity constraints y Reverse Key indexes y Any VIEW updateable The Internet Changes Everything: Oracle8i February 1999 • XML, SSO, LDAP, WebDB/HTML DB, iFS, VPD, Java • Browser-only Applications 1998 • No further development of Client/Server Apps • Network Computer Oracle 9i February 1999 y y y y y Unbreakable RAC Oracle Managed Files Multiple blocks sizes External tables Real Applications Clusters - Cache Fusion 1. User1 queries data Disk Array 2. User2 queries same data - via interconnect with no disc I/O Server Node1 Server Node2 RAM inter connect RAM 3. User1 updates a row of data and commits 4. User2 wants to update same block of data – 10g keeps data concurrency via interconnect Oracle 10g 2003 y Grid – Full cache fusion in RAC y Manageability – – – – Automated management Automated performance diagnosis Automated SQL tuning Automatic Storage Management (ASM) Oracle 11g 2007 y y y y Secure Files OLTP Compression Active Data Guard Full scale testing support y Growing by acquisition Oracle Exadata 2008 FIRST hardware products from Oracle y Exadata Storage Server y Extreme Performance Database Machine – – – Developed and designed by Oracle and HP Built by HP Combines Brawny Hardware with Brainy Software y Plus all the Oracle benefits! – Availability, reliability, security Exadata Storage: The next step in VLDW Technology y Over the past 12+ years, Oracle has steadily introduced major architectural advances for large database support y Data warehouses have grown exponentially with these new technologies 1995 1997 Oracle Release 7.3 Oracle8 1999 Oracle8i 2001 Oracle9i 2003 Oracle9iR2 2005 Oracle10g 2008 Oracle11g Automatic Storage Exadata Exadata Management Compression Real Application First 100TB customer: Yahoo! Clusters First 30TB customer: France Telecom Composite Partitioning First 10TB customer: Amazon.com Range Partitioning Parallel Execution Over 100 Terabyte customers First 1TB customer: Acxiom First 1TB Database built in lab HP Oracle Database Machine y Integrated data warehouse solution – – – Database Server Grid Exadata Storage Server Grid Software installed and configured y Enterprise-Ready – – – Complete data warehouse functionality Enterprise-level availability and security Enterprise-level software and hardware support HP Oracle Database Machine: Extreme Performance y 10-100X faster than conventional DW systems y High bandwidth: 14GB/sec of raw I/O throughput – – – >50GB/sec of raw business data can be processed with compression High-bandwidth Infiniband network between Database Servers and Storage Servers Efficient block access in Storage Servers y “Smart scan” processing – – – Data-intensive processing in the storage server Compute-intensive processing in the database server Less data transfer over the network y Unlimited Scalability – Add racks for more data and performance QUESTIONS ANSWERS