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Important Reaction for Biochemistry Formation of an Amide The don't call them functional groups for nothing Carboxylic Acid Primary Amine O R C OH Principles of Chemistry II H N R' H © Vanden Bout Carboxylic Acid Primary Amine O R C OH H N R' H O H C N R R' + H2O Amide + Water Principles of Chemistry II © Vanden Bout Amino Acid O H2N C C OH R Carboxylic End and Amine End Can react with itself (or similar molecules) in a chain Principles of Chemistry II © Vanden Bout Polypeptide Two distinct ends N-terminus is an amine C-terminus is a carboxylic acid Principles of Chemistry II © Vanden Bout Carboxylic Acid Alcohol O R C OH O R' H O C O R R' + H2O Ester + Water Principles of Chemistry II © Vanden Bout Triglycerides Fatty Acid (carboxylic acid with long chain) Gylcerol HO OH C12H25COOH OH O C12H25CO O OCC12H25 O OCC12H25 Makes Trigylceride Principles of Chemistry II © Vanden Bout The three fatty acids can all be the same or different High levels of triglycerides is linked to build up of plaque in the arteries = heart disease Principles of Chemistry II © Vanden Bout Alcohol R Alcohol OH R O HO R' R' + H2O Ether + Water Principles of Chemistry II © Vanden Bout Sugars Glucose (key factor for sugars lots of hydroxyls) They can react to form chains of sugars polysaccharide Principles of Chemistry II © Vanden Bout Celluose Very long ether chain (pretty much all plant material) Principles of Chemistry II © Vanden Bout Polysaccharide (Starch) Sugars, Carbohydrates monosaccharides (one) disaccharides (two) polysaccharides (many) Principles of Chemistry II © Vanden Bout Condensation Reactions (two molecules make one + water) Carboxylic Acid + Amine = Amide + water Carboxylic Acid + Alcohol = Ester + water Alcohol + Alcohol = Ether + water Principles of Chemistry II © Vanden Bout