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Digestion Digestive system • Digestion is the process of breaking food down into molecules small enough for the body to absorb. Types of Digestion Mechanical Digestion • The physical breakdown of food by teeth in the mouth, and muscles in the stomach. • Chemical Digestion • The breakdown of fats, proteins, and complex carbs into smaller units by enzymes. The Mouth • Mechanical digestion begins Chemical Digestion within the Mouth (cont.) • The salivary glands produce Amylase. • Starch is digested into its monomer glucose. Esophagus Peristalsis • A muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach. • Peristalsis: Involuntary waves of muscle contractions that push food toward the stomach. • Mucus: is a thick slippery substance produced by the body. It helps make food easier to swallow. The Stomach • Digestive juice contains the enzyme PEPSIN. • Pepsin chemically digests the proteins in your food, breaking them down into amino acids. • Digestive juice also contains hydrochloric acid. This acid helps break down food and kills many of the bacteria that enters your body. • The stomach also produces mucus, which coats and protects the lining of your stomach. The Stomach • Most mechanical digestion takes place in the stomach. Three layers of muscles mixes food with digestive juices in a churning motion. • As you eat your stomach will expand between 1-2 liters to hold the food you eat. The Stomach continued • Note ( If over time to much acid continually builds up in the stomach a ulcer may occur.) The Small Intestine • The small intestine is about 35 - 40 feet long. • Almost all chemical digestion and absorption of nutrients take place in the small intestine. • The small intestine contains millions of tiny finger shaped structures called villi. Digestion of Lipids (fats) Absorption • Is the process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall your digestive tract and into the circulatory system. The Liver • The largest and heaviest organ inside the body. • The liver produces bile, a substance that breaks up fat molecules. • Bile flows from the liver to the gallbladder, after you eat the gallbladder passes bile into the small intestine. The Pancreas • The pancreas is a triangular organ that lies below the small intestine. • It produces enzymes that help break down starches, proteins and Fats. The Large Intestine • The last section of the digestive system. • All the remaining water is absorbed into the bloodstream. • The remaining material is readied for elimination. • The large intestine ends in a short tube called the rectum. • The material is compressed into solid form. • The waste material is eliminated from the body through the anus.