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SEMESTER I 11PSM101 APPLIED MATHEMATICS FOR ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS (Common to M.E. Communication Systems and Applied Electronics) L 3 T 1 P 0 C 4 Course Objectives To provide strong foundation to the students to expose various emerging new areas of applied mathematics and appraise them with their relevance in Engineering and Technological field. UNIT- I LINEAR ALGEBRA (9) Vector spaces and sub spaces–Null spaces, column spaces and linear transformations–Linear independent sets; Bases-Coordinate systems–Dimensions of a vector space–Rank-Change of basis-Inner product, Length and Orthogonality–Orthogonal sets–Orthogonal projections–GramScimidt Process. UNIT- II WAVE EQUATION (9) Solution of initial and boundary value problems–Characteristics–D’Alembert’s Solution– Significance of characteristic curves–Laplace transform solutions for displacement in a long string–Free vibrations of a string. UNIT– III SPECIAL FUNCTIONS (9) Bessel’s equation–Bessel Functions–Legendre’s equation–Legendre’s polynomials–Rodrigue’s formula–Recurrence relations–generating functions and orthogonal property for Bessel functions. UNIT- IV STOCHASTIC PROCESSES (9) Random Variable – Moments and MGF–Binomial, Poisson, Normal Distributions (Concepts only). Introduction and classification of stochastic processes, possion processes-Discrete marginal chain, Computation of n-step transition probalities,state classification and continuous time Markov chainBirth and death processes, pure birth processes and death process applications. UNIT -V QUEUEING THEORY (9) Markovian models – Birth and Death Queuing models- Steady state results: Single and multiple server queueing models - queues with finite waiting rooms - Finite source models - Little’s Formula, M/G/1 queue (steady state solutions only),Pollaczek – Khintchine formula. TOTAL HOURS: 45 + 15=60 REFERENCES: 1.David C Lay, “Linear Algebra and its Applications”,Pearson Education Asia,NewDelhi,2003 2. Greweal B.S. “Higher Engineering Mathematics”, Khanna Publishers, 2005 3. K.S. Trivedi, “Probability and Statistics with Reliability, Queueing and Computer Science Applications”, John Wiley and Sons, 2nd edition, 2002 4. Sankara Rao.K. “Introduction to Partial Differential Equation “, PHI, 1995. 5. D.Gross and C.M. Harris, “Fundamentals of Queueing Theory”, Wiley Student edition, 2004. 11PBK101 ADVANCED DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING (Common to M.E. Communication Systems and Applied Electronics) L 3 T 1 P 0 C 4 Course Objectives At the end of the course, student should be able to know Discrete Random Signal Processing Spectrum Estimation ,Linear Estimation and Prediction Adaptive Filtering Concepts & Multirate Signal Processing Concepts {Review of discrete-time signals and systems- DFT and FFT, Z-Transform, Digital Filters is recommended} UNIT-I DISCRETE RANDOM SIGNAL PROCESSING (9) Discrete Random Processes- Ensemble averages, stationary processes, Autocorrelation and Auto covariance matrices. Parseval's Theorem, Wiener-Khintchine Relation- Power Spectral Density Periodogram, Spectral Factorization, Filtering random processes. Low Pass Filtering of White Noise. Parameter estimation: Bias and consistency. UNIT-II SPECTRUM ESTIMATION (9) Estimation of spectra from finite duration signals, Non-Parametric Methods-Correlation Method, Periodogram Estimator, Performance Analysis of Estimators -Unbiased, Consistent EstimatorsModified periodogram, Bartlett and Welch methods, Blackman –Tukey method. Parametric Methods - AR, MA, ARMA model based spectral estimation. Parameter Estimation -YuleWalker equations, solutions using Durbin’s algorithm UNIT-III LINEAR ESTIMATION AND PREDICTION (9) Linear prediction- Forward and backward predictions, Solutions of the Normal equationsLevinson- Durbin algorithms. Least mean squared error criterion -Wiener filter for filtering and prediction , FIR Wiener filter and Wiener IIR filters ,Discrete Kalman filter UNIT-IV ADAPTIVE FILTERS (9) FIR adaptive filters -adaptive filter based on steepest descent method-Widrow-Hoff LMS adaptive algorithm, Normalized LMS. Adaptive channel equalization-Adaptive echo cancellation-Adaptive noise cancellation- Adaptive recursive filters (IIR). RLS adaptive filtersExponentially weighted RLS-sliding window RLS. UNIT-V MULTIRATE DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING (9) Mathematical description of change of sampling rate - Interpolation and Decimation, Decimation by an integer factor - Interpolation by an integer factor, Sampling rate conversion by a rational factor, Filter implementation for sampling rate conversion- Direct form FIR structures, Polyphase filter structures, time-variant structures. Multistage implementation of multirate system. Application to sub band coding - Wavelet transform and filter bank implementation of wavelet expansion of signals. TOTAL HOURS=45+15=60 REFERENCES: 1. Monson H.Hayes, “Statistical Digital Signal Processing and Modeling”, John Wiley and Sons, Inc.,Singapore, 2002. 2. John G.Proakis, Dimitris G.Manolakis, “Digital Signal Processing”, Pearson Education, 2002. 3. John G.Proakis et.al.,”Algorithms for Statistical Signal Processing”, Pearson Education, 2002. 4. Dimitris G.Manolakis et.al.,”Statistical and adaptive signal Processing”, McGraw Hill, Newyork,2000. 11PBK102 DIGITAL COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES L T 3 1 P 0 C 4 Course Objectives To learn the fundamental digital techniques for Communication. DF Representation of Signal Coding theory and Modulation and M'ary signaling UNIT-I POWER SPECTRUM AND COMMUNICATION (9) PSD of a synchronous data pulse stream; M-ary Markov source; Convolutionaly coded modulation; CPM–Scalar and vector communication over memoryless channel-Detection criteria. UNIT-II COHERENT AND NON-COHERENT COMMUNICATION (9) Coherent receivers–Optimum receivers in WGN– IQ modulation & demodulation–Noncoherent receivers in random phase channels; M-FSK receivers–Rayleigh and Rician channels–Partially coherent receives–DPSK; M-PSK; M-DPSK,-BER Performance Analysis. UNIT-III BANDLIMITED CHANNELS AND DIGITAL MODULATIONS (9) Eye pattern; demodulation in the presence of ISI and AWGN; Equalization techniques – IQ modulations; QPSK; QAM; QBOM; -BER Performance Analysis–CPM; CPFM; CPFSK; MSK,OFDM. UNIT-IV BLOCK CODED DIGITAL COMMUNICATION (9) Architecture and performance–Binary block codes; Orthogonal; Biorthogonal; Transorthogonal– Shannon’s channel coding theorem; Channel capacity; Matched filter; Concepts of Spread spectrum communication–Coded BPSK and DPSK demodulators – Linear block codes; Hammning; Golay; Cyclic; BCH ; Reed–Solomon codes. UNIT-V CONVOLUTIONAL CODED DIGITAL COMMUNICATION (9) Representation of codes using Polynomial, State diagram, Tree diagram, and Trellis diagram– Decoding techniques using Maximum likelihood, Viterbi algorithm, Sequential and Threshold methods–Error probability performance for BPSK and Viterbi algorithm, Turbo Coding. TOTAL HOURS=45+15=60 REFERENCES: 1. M.K.Simon, S.M.Hinedi and W.C.Lindsey, “Digital communication techniques; Signalling and Detection”, Prentice Hall India, New Delhi. 1995. 2. Simon Haykin, “Digital communications”, John Wiley and sons, 1998 3. Wayne Tomasi, “Advanced electronic communication systems”, 4th Edition Pearson Education Asia, 1998 4. B.P.Lathi,” Modern digital and analog communication systems”, 3rd Edition, Oxford University press 1998. 5. John G. Proakis, “Digital Communications”, 4th Edition, McGraw-Hill, New york , 2001 11PBK103 DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING L 3 T 0 P 0 C 3 Course Objectives Since image processing is an upcoming embedded field wherein many small systems and robots are built with image processing functions we give in this subject an idea of image processing concepts. To make the student learn: Basic image processing operations and concepts, multi resolution analysis and to make a few case studies. UNIT-I DIGITAL IMAGE FUNDAMENTALS (9) Elements of digital image processing systems, Elements of visual perception, psycho visual model, brightness, contrast, hue, saturation, mach band effect, Color image fundamentals RGB,HSI models, Image acquisition and sampling, Quantization, Image file formats, Twodimensional convolution, correlation, and frequency responses. UNIT-II IMAGE TRANSFORMS (9) 1D DFT, 2D transforms – DFT, DCT, Discrete Sine, Walsh, Hadamard, Slant, Haar, KLT, SVD, Radon, and Wavelet Transform. UNIT-III IMAGE ENHANCEMENT AND RESTORATION (9) Histogram modification and specification techniques, Noise distributions, Spatial averaging, Directional Smoothing, Median, Geometric mean, Harmonic mean, Contra harmonic filters, Homomorphic filtering, Color image enhancement. Image Restoration – degradation model, Unconstrained and Constrained restoration, Inverse filtering, Wiener filtering, Geometric transformations – spatial transformations, Gray- Level interpolation, UNIT-IV IMAGE SEGMENTATION AND RECOGNITION (9) Edge detection. Image segmentation by region growing, region splitting and merging, edge linking, Morphological operators: dilation, erosion, opening, and closing. Image Recognition – Patterns and pattern classes, matching by minimum distance classifier, Statistical Classifier. Matching by correlation, Neural network application for image recognition. UNIT-V IMAGE COMPRESSION (9) Need for image compression, Huffman, Run Length Encoding, Arithmetic coding, Vector Quantization, Block Truncation Coding. Transform Coding – DCT and Wavelet. Image compression standards. TOTAL HOURS=45 REFERENCES: 1. Rafael C. Gonzalez, Richard E.Woods, “Digital Image Processing”, Pearson Education, Second Edition, 2004. 2. Anil K. Jain, “Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing”, Prentice Hall of India, 2002. 3. David Salomon ,” Data Compression – The Complete Reference”, Springer Verlag New York Inc., 2nd Edition, 2001 4. Rafael C. Gonzalez, Richard E.Woods, Steven Eddins, “Digital Image Processing using MATLAB”, Pearson Education, Inc., 2004. 5. William K.Pratt, “ Digital Image Processing”, John Wiley, NewYork, 2002. 6. Sid Ahmed, M.A., “Image Processing Theory, Algorithms and Architectures”, McGrawHill,1995. 7. Lim, J.S., “Two Dimensional Signal and Image Processing”, Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, 1990. 11PBK104 HIGH PERFORMANCE COMMUNICATION NETWORKS L T P C 3 0 0 3 Course objectives This course covers the techniques needed to understand and analyze modern data communications networks. It covers the basic architecture of packet networks and the protocols used to enable transmission of packets through the network. It covers aspects of traffic management, such as various call admission control and congestion control algorithms in highspeed packet networks and the influence of traffic on network performance. UNIT- I PACKET SWITCHED NETWORKS (9) OSI and IP models, Ethernet (IEEE 802.3), Token ring (IEEE 802.5), Wireless LAN (IEEE 802.11) FDDI, DQDB, SMDS: Internetworking with SMDS UNIT- II ISDN AND BROADBAND ISDN (9) ISDN - overview, interfaces and functions, Layers and services - Signaling System 7 (SS7)Broadband ISDN architecture and Protocols. UNIT- III ATM AND FRAME RELAY (9) ATM: Main features-addressing, signaling and routing, ATM header structure-adaptation layer, management and control, ATM switching and transmission. Frame Relay: Protocols and services, Congestion control, Internetworking with ATM, Internet and ATM, Frame relay via ATM. UNIT- IV ADVANCED NETWORK ARCHITECTURE (9) IP forwarding architectures overlay model, Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS), integrated services in the Internet, Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP), Differentiated services UNIT -V BLUE TOOTH TECHNOLOGY (9) The Blue tooth module-Protocol stack Part I: Antennas, Radio interface, Base band, The Link controller, Audio, The Link Manager, The Host controller interface; The Blue tooth moduleProtocol stack Part I: Logical link control and adaptation protocol, RFCOMM, Service discovery protocol, Wireless access protocol, Telephony control protocol. TOTAL HOURS=45 REFERENCES: 1. William Stallings,”ISDN and Broadband ISDN with Frame Relay and ATM”, Pearson education Asia, 4th edition, 2002. 2. Leon Gracia, Widjaja, “Communication networks ", Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, 2000. 3. Jennifer Bray and Charles F.Sturman,”Blue Tooth” Pearson education Asia, 2001. 4. Sumit Kasera, Pankaj Sethi, “ATM Networks ", Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, 2000. 5. Rainer Handel, Manfred N.Huber and Stefan Schroder ,”ATM Networks”, Pearson education asia, 3rd edition, 2002. 6. Jean Walrand and Pravin varaiya ,”High Performance Communication networks”, Harcourt and Morgan Kauffman, London, 2nd edition,2000. 7. William Stallings,”High-speed Networks and Internets”, Pearson education Asia, 2nd edition, 2003. 11PBK105 MICROWAVE SYSTEMS L 3 T 0 P 0 C 3 Course Objectives The purpose of this course is to make the students understand the fundamentals of Microwave systems. At the end of the course, student should be able to To introduce the Field analysis of planar transmission lines To know about periodic structures in microwave systems To understand the working of microwave solid state amplifiers UNIT-I FIELD ANALYSIS OF PLANAR TRANSMISSION LINES (9) Microstrip Transmission Lines – Attenuation – High frequency properties of Microstrip lines. Coupled Microstrip lines – even and odd modes. Strip transmission lines – Coupled strip lines – Fin lines. UNIT-II CIRCUIT THEORY FOR WAVE GUIDE SYSTEMS (9) Equivalent voltages and currents – Impedance description of waveguide elements and circuits – one port circuit. Foster’s reactance theorem. N-port circuits. Two port junctions. Excitation of waveguides. Probe coupling in rectangular waveguide. Radiation from linear current elements and current loops. Waveguide coupling by apertures. UNIT-III PERIODIC STRUCTURES AND FILTERS (9) Wave analysis of periodic structures. Periodic structures composed of Unsymmetrical two port networks. Terminated Periodic structures. Matching of Periodic structures. Floquet’s theorem and spatial Harmonics. Microwave Filters – Image parameter method. Filter design by insertion loss method. Low pass filter design. Microstrip parallel coupled filter. UNIT-IV MICROWAVE SOLID STATE AMPLIFIERS (9) S-parameters - Unilateral design of amplifiers – simultaneous conjugate match. Bilateral design of amplifiers. Amplifier stability. Conditional and unconditional stability criteria. Amplifier power gain. Constant gain circles. Noise temperature concept. Noise factor and noise figure. Noise temperature for cascaded stages. Constant noise figure circles. Design of single stage microwave amplifiers. UNIT-V MICROWAVES AND OPTICS (9) Geometrical optics as a limiting case of wave optics. Ray matrices for paraxial ray optics. Gaussian beams. Generation of Gaussian beams at microwave frequencies. The beam waist. Propagation of Gaussian beams in Homogeneous medium. Transformation of Gaussian beams with lenses. TOTAL HOURS=45 REFERENCES 1. R.E.Collin “ Foundations for Microwave Engineering”, McGraw-Hill, 1992. 2. Ramo, Whinnery and Van Duzer “Fields and Waves in communication electronics”. 3rd Edition., Wiley, 1997. 3. David M Pozar,” Microwave Engineering”, John Wiley & Sons Inc, 2004 11PBK106 COMMUNICATION SYSTEM LAB – I L T 0 0 P 3 C 2 LIST OF EXPERIMENTS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Design and performance analysis of error control encoder and decoder Study of GPS. Channel equalizer design using MATLAB ( LMS, RLS ) Design and Analysis of Spectrum Estimators ( Borlett , Welch ) Simulation of OFDMA transceivers using MATLAB Simulation of Turbo coding Performance Evaluation of digital modulation schemes, Spread spectrum types 8. Transform based compression techniques 9. Simulation of ADPCM in MATLAB 10. Performance evaluation of simulated CDMA System. TOTAL HOURS=30 SEMESTER II 11PBK201 SPACE TIME WIRELESS COMMUNICATION L T 3 1 P 0 C 4 Course objectives: The knowledge on various modulation and coding schemes for space-time wireless communications The capability of formulating and solving new fundamental problems in space-time wireless communications. UNIT-I MULTIPLE ANTENNA PROPAGATION AND ST CHANNEL CHARACTERIZATION (9) Wireless channel, Scattering model in macrocells, Channel as a ST random field, Scattering functions, Polarization and field diverse channels, Antenna array topology, Degenerate channels, reciprocity and its implications, Channel definitions, Physical scattering model, Extended channel models, Channel measurements, sampled signal model, ST multiuser and ST interference channels, ST channel estimation. UNIT-II CAPACITY OF MULTIPLE ANTENNA CHANNELS AND SPATIAL DIVERSITY (9) Capacity of frequency flat deterministic MIMO channel: Channel unknown to the transmitter, Channel known to the transmitter, capacity of random MIMO channels, Influence of ricean fading, fading correlation, XPD and degeneracy on MIMO capacity, Capacity of frequency selective MIMO channels, Diversity gain, Receive antenna diversity, Transmit antenna diversity, Diversity order and channel variability, Diversity performance in extended channels, Combined space and path diversity ,Indirect transmit diversity, Diversity of a space-timefrequency selective fading channel. UNIT-III MULTIPLE ANTENNA CODING AND RECEIVERS (9) Coding and interleaving architecture, ST coding for frequency flat channels, ST coding for frequency selective channels, Receivers(SISO,SIMO,MIMO),Iterative MIMO receivers, Exploiting channel knowledge at the transmitter: linear pre-filtering, optimal pre-filtering for maximum rate, optimal pre-filtering for error rate minimization, selection at the transmitter, Exploiting imperfect channel knowledge. UNIT-IV ST OFDM, SPREAD SPECTRUM AND MIMO MULTIUSER DETECTION (9) SISO-OFDM modulation, MIMO-OFDM modulation, Signaling and receivers for MIMOOFDM,SISO-SS modulation, MIMO-SS modulation, Signaling and receivers for MIMOSS.MIMO-MAC,MIMO-BC, Outage performance for MIMO-MU,MIMO-MU with OFDM,CDMA and multiple antennas UNIT-V ST CO-CHANNEL INTERFERENCE MITIGATION AND PERFORMANCE LIMITS IN MIMO CHANNELS (9) CCI characteristics, Signal models, CCI mitigation on receive for SIMO,CCI mitigating receivers for MIMO,CCI mitigation on transmit for MISO, Joint encoding and decoding, SS modulation, OFDM modulation, Interference diversity and multiple antennas, Error performance in fading channels, Signaling rate vs PER vs SNR, Spectral efficiency of ST doing/receiver techniques, System Design, Comments on capacity TOTAL HOURS=45+15=60 REFERENCES: 1. A. Paulraj, Rohit Nabar, Dhananjay Gore., “Introduction to Space Time Wireless Communication Systems”, Cambridge University Press, 2003 2. Sergio Verdu “ Multi User Detection” Cambridge University Press, 1998 3. Andre Viterbi “ Principles of Spread Spectrum Techniques” Addison Wesley 1995 11PBK202 MULTIMEDIA COMPRESSION TECHNIQUES L 3 T 1 P 0 C 4 Course Objectives: To understand various text, audio, image and video compression techniques in Multimedia. It covers multimedia compression - with an emphasis on compressing and transmitting of multimedia objects over the Web. Lossless compression methods include statistical coding and dictionary coding. Lossy compression schemes include scalar, vector, differential, subband and transform methods for images and for speech and audio. UNIT-I INTRODUCTION (9) Special features of Multimedia – Graphics and Image Data Representations – Fundamental Concepts inVideo and Digital Audio – Storage requirements for multimedia applications -Need for Compression - Taxonomy of compression techniques – Overview of source coding, source models, scalar and vector quantization theory – Evaluation techniques – Error analysis and methodologies UNIT-II TEXT COMPRESSION (9) Compaction techniques – Huffmann coding – Adaptive Huffmann Coding – Arithmetic coding – Dictionary techniques – LZW family algorithms. UNIT-III AUDIO COMPRESSION (9) Audio compression techniques - µ- Law and A- Law companding. Frequency domain and filtering – Basic sub-band coding – Application to speech coding – G.722 – Application to audio coding – MPEG audio, progressive encoding for audio – Silence compression, speech compression techniques – Formant and CELP Vocoders UNIT-IV IMAGE COMPRESSION (9) Predictive techniques – DM, PCM, DPCM: Optimal Predictors and Optimal Quantization– Transform Coding – JPEG Standard – Sub-band coding algorithms: Design of Filter banks – Wavelet based compression: Implementation using filters – EZW, SPIHT coders – JPEG 2000 UNIT-V VIDEO COMPRESSION (9) Video compression techniques and standards–MPEG Video Coding I: MPEG–1 and 2–MPEG Video Coding II: MPEG–4 and 7–Motion estimation and compensation techniques–H.261 Standard. TOTAL HOURS=45+15=60 REFERENCES: 1. Khalid Sayood, “Introduction to Data Compression”, Morgan Kauffman Harcourt India, 2nd Edition, 2000. 2. David Salomon “Data Compression – The Complete Reference”, Springer Verlag New York Inc. 2nd Edition, 2001. 3. Yun Q.Shi, Huifang Sun, “ Image and Video Compression for Multimedia Engineering – Fundamentals, Algorithms & Standards”, CRC press, 2003. 4. Peter Symes “ Digital Video Compression”, McGraw Hill Pub., 2004. 5. Mark Nelson “Data compression”, BPB Publishers, New Delhi,1998. 6. Mark S.Drew, Ze-Nian Li “Fundamentals of Multimedia”, PHI, 1st Edition, 2003. 7. Watkinson,J “Compression in Video and Audio”, Focal press,London.1995. 11PBK203 MICROWAVE INTEGRATED CIRCUITS L 3 T 1 P 0 C 4 Course Objectives: The student should master the following topics and perform the following tasks Understanding of the different types of MICs and different transmission lines to be used in MICs Knowledge of the concept of microstrip line and its interpretation in the analysis and design of microstrip line Design and Analysis of non-reciprocal components, active devices, High Power and Low Power Circuits Microfabrication of MIC devices will be covered in order to understand the major MIC fabrication techniques and how they interact with system design strategies UNIT-I TECHNOLOGY OF HYBRID MICS (9) Dielectric substrates - thick film technology and materials - thin film technology and materials – methods of testing – encapsulation of devices for MICs – mounting of active devices. UNIT-II TECHNOLOGY OF MONOLITHIC MICS (9) Processes involved in fabrication – epitaxial growth of semiconductor layer – growth of dielectric layer – diffusion-ion implantation – electron beam technology. UNIT-III ANALYSIS OF MICROSTRIP LINE (9) Methods of conformal transformation – numerical method for analysis – hybrid mode analysis – coupled mode analysis- method of images – losses in miscrostrips. UNIT-IV COUPLED MICROSTRIPS, SLOT LINE AND COPLANAR WAVEGUIDES (9) Coupled microstrips – even and odd mode analysis – microstrip directional couplers – branch line couplers – periodic branch line couplers – synchronous branch line couplers. UNIT-V LUMPED ELEMENTS AND NON-RECIPROCAL COMPONENTS (9) Design and fabrication using microstrips – flat resistors – flat inductors – interdigital capacitors – sandwich capacitors – ferromagnetic substrates for non-reciprocal devices – microstrip circulators – latching circulators – isolators – phase shifters. TOTAL HOURS=45+15=60 REFERENCES: 1. Gupta,K.C, and Amarjit singh “Microwave Integrated Circuits” John Wiley and sons , Wiley Eastern Reprint, 1978. 2. Hoffmann, R.K, “Handbook of Microwave Integrated Circuits” ,Artech House, 1987. 11PBK204 RF CIRCUIT DESIGN L 3 T 1 P 0 C 4 Course Objectives: This course covers the basic RF principles associated with transmission lines, the Smith Chart,impedance matching, amplifier design and system applications. One of the goals is to develop the ability to recognize when RF design techniques are required and the skills to implement them. These skills include the ability to use the Smith Chart to solve problems involving both lumped and distributed circuit elements, design impedance-matching circuits, and design simple RF transistor amplifiers. UNIT- I PASSIVE RF COMPONENTS AND TRANSMISSION LINE ANALYSIS (9) High frequency resistors, capacitors and inductors- Transmission line analysis: LINE EQUATION, Microstrip line, Voltage reflection co-efficeient, propagation constsnt, phase velocity and special termination- Smith chart Impedence transformation- Analysis of parallel RL circuit and parallel RC circuit UNIT-II SINGLE AND MULTI PORT NETWORK THEORY AND RF FILTER DESIGN (9) Definitions- properties –interconnection of networks- ABCD parameters and s parameters- RF Filter resonator and filter configuration- Butterworth and chebyshev filters UNIT-III DESIGN OF MATCHING NETWORK (9) Matching by discrete components- design of two component matching network, design of T and π matching networks- matching by microstrip line- design of matching network- design of stub matching. UNIT- IV RF ACTIVE COMPONENTS, THEIR MODELLING AND RF AMPLIFIER DESIGN (9) Components: RF diode, PIN Diode and GUNN diode, RF Bipolar junction Transistors, RF FETModelling: diode model, Transistors model, FET model- Rf Amplifier: Characterstics, power relations and stability consideration. UNIT-V RF OSCILLATOR AND MIXER DESIGN (9) Basic oscillator model- Design of fixed frequency oscillator- Dielectric resonator oscillatorVoltage controlled oscillator- gunn element oscillator- Basic concepts- design of single ended mixer- double ended mixer . TOTAL HOURS=45+15=60 REFERENCES: 1. Reinhold Ludwigand pavel Bretchko, “RF Circuit Design”, Pearson Education Asia Publication, 2001. 2. Matthew M Radmanesh, “Radio Frequency and Microelectronic Illustrated”, Pearson Education Asia Publication, 2001. 3. Peter P Keinington, “ High Linearity RF Amplifier Design”, Artech House, 2002. 4. Razavi ,”RF Micro Electronics”, Prentice Hall PTR, 1998. 11PBK205 COMMUNICATION SYSTEM LAB - II L 0 T 0 P 3 C 2 LIST OF EXPERIMENTS: 1. Simulation of Audio compression algorithms 2. Simulation of EZW / SPIHT Image coding algorithm. 3. Programing in MATLAB for Arithmetic coding, Huffman coding 4. Implementation of image segmentation by median filters 5. Deblurring of image by using wiener filters. 6. Implementation of an edge detection algorithm in MATLAB 7. Noise Removal by median filters 8. Design and testing of a Microstrip Antennas and coupler. 9. Antenna Radiation Pattern measurement 10. Implementation of Shortest Path Routing/ Sliding Window Protocol Algorithm/ Distance Vector routing/ Link State routing Algorithms using Network Simulation softwares. TOTAL HOURS=30 LIST OF ELECTIVES Sl.N o. SUBJECT CODE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 11PBEX01 11PBEX02 11PBEX03 11PBEX04 11PBEX05 11PBEX06 11PBEX07 11PBEX08 11PBEX09 11PBEX10 11PBEX11 11PBEX12 11PBEX13 11PBEX14 11PBEX15 11PBEX16 11PBEX17 11PBEX18 19 20 11PBEX19 11PBEX20 SUBJECT NAME OPTICAL COMMUNICATION NETWORKS ADVANCED RADIATION SYSTEMS COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL ENGINEERING NETWORK ROUTING ALGORITHMS SOFT COMPUTING INTERNETWORKING MULTIMEDIA MOBILE COMMUNICATION NETWORKS MOBILE AND PERSONAL COMMUNICATION HIGH SPEED SWITCHING ARCHITECTURE COMMUNICATION NETWORK SECURITY ROUTING IN COMMUNICATION NETWORKS CRYPTOGRAPHY AND NETWORK SECURITY ADVANCED DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING MULTI USER THEORY DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF ALGORITHMS 4G WIRELESS NETWORKS NEXT GENERATION IP NETWORKS MODELLING AND SIMULATION OF WIRELESS SYSTEMS MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS MEDICAL IMAGE PROCESSING Hours/Wee k L T P 3 0 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 C 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 0 0 3 3 3 0 0 0 0 3 3 11PBEX01 OPTICAL COMMUNICATION NETWORKS L T 3 0 P 0 C 3 Course Objectives: The main purpose of this course is to introduce students the important areas of communication networks, mainly optical networks. This will enable the students to acquire a solid understanding of foundations of optical networks technologies, systems, networks issues as well as economic deployment considerations UNIT -I OPTICAL NETWORKING COMPONENTS (9) First- and second-generation optical networks, Components: couplers, isolators, circulators, multiplexers, filters, amplifiers, switches, and wavelength converters. UNIT- II SONET AND SDH NETWORKS (9) Integration of TDM signals, Layers, Framing, Transport overhead, Alarms, Multiplexing, Network elements, Topologies, Protection architectures, Ring architectures, Network Management UNIT- III BROADCAST – AND- SELECT NETWORKS (9) Topologies, Single-hop, Multihop, and Shufflenet multihop networks, Media-Access control protocols, Test beds. UNIT- IV WAVELENGTH-ROUTING NETWORKS (9) Node designs, Issues in Network design and operation, Optical layer cost Tradeoffs, Routing and Wavelength assignment, Wavelength routing test beds. UNIT- V HIGH CAPACITY NETWORKS (9) SDM, TDM, and WDM approaches, Application areas, Optical TDM Networks: Multiplexing and demultiplexing, Synchronization, Broadcast networks, Switch-based networks, OTDM test beds. TOTAL HOURS=45 REFERENCES: 1. Rajiv Ramaswami and Kumar Sivarajan, “Optical Networks: A practical perspective,” Morgan Kaufmann", 2nd edition, 2001. 2. Vivek Alwayn, “Optical Network Design and Implementation”, Pearson Education, 2004. 3. Hussein T.Mouftab and Pin-Han Ho, “Optical Networks: Architecture and Survivability”, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002. 4. Biswanath Mukherjee,” Optical Communication Networks”, McGraw Hill, 1997 11PBEX02 ADVANCED RADIATION SYSTEMS L 3 T 0 P 0 C 3 COURSE OBJECTIVES: The purpose of introducing this course is to describe the advanced design principles used in the radiating systems. Understanding of the different types of antennas and sources of radiation Knowledge of the concepts of antenna synthesis techniques UNIT- I CONCEPTS OF RADIATION (9) Retarded vector potentials – Heuristic approach and Maxwell’s equation approach. Electric vector potential F for a magnetic current source M. Duality theorem. The Lorentz gauge condition. Vector potential in Phasor form. Fields radiated by an alternating current element and half wave dipole. Total power radiated and radiation resistance of alternating current element and half wave dipole. Power radiated in the far field. Linear, Elliptical and circular polarization. Development of the Poincare sphere. UNIT- II ANTENNA ARRAYS (9) N element linear arrays – uniform amplitude and spacing- Phased arrays- Directivity of Broadside and End fire arrays. Three dimensional characteristics - Pattern multiplicationBinomial arrays and Dolph- Tchebycheff arrays. Circular array. Mutual coupling in arrays, multidimensional arrays- phased arrays and array feeding techniques. UNIT- III ANTENNA SYNTHESIS (9) Synthesis problem-Line source based beam synthesis methods (Fourier transform and Woodward- Lawson sampling method – Linear array shaped beam synthesis method – Low side lobe, narrow main beam synthesis methods - discretization of continuous sources. Schelkunoff polynomial method UNIT- IV APERTURE ANTENNAS (9) Radiation from apertures - Huygens Principle. Rectangular apertures- techniques for evaluating gain, Circular apertures and their design considerations- Babinets principle Fraunhoffer and Fresnel diffraction. Complimentary screens and slot antennas. Slot and dipoles as dual antennas. Fourier transform in aperture antenna theory. UNIT- V HORN, MICROSTRIP, REFLECTOR ANTENNAS (9) E and H plane sectoral Horns-Pyramidal horns-Conical and corrugated Horns-Multimode hornsPhase center.Microstrip antennas–feeding methods. Rectangular patch-Transmission line model– Circular patch Parabolic Reflector antennas–Prime focus and cassegrain reflectors-Equivalent focal length of Cassegrain antennas-Spillover and taper efficiencies. Optimum illumination. TOTAL HOURS=45 REFERENCES: 1. Balanis, C.A., “Antenna Theory” Wiley,2003 2. Warren L. Stutzman and Gary A. Thiele,“ Antenna theory and design”John Wiley and sons 1998 3. Jordan, E.C., “ Electromagnetic waves and Radiating systems”. PHI 2003 4. Krauss, J.D., “ Radio Astronomy” McGraw-Hill 1966, for the last unit (reprints available) 5. Krauss, J.D.,, Fleisch,D.A., “Electromagnetics” McGraw-Hill,1999 11PBEX03 COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL ENGINEERING L T P 3 0 0 C 3 Course Objectives: Introduction to Communication Protocols: Communication basics, Network reference model, Communication protocol specifications, Protocol verification, Protocol conformance and testing,Protocol synthesis and implementation. UNIT- I NETWORK REFERENCE MODEL (9) Communication model-software, subsystems, protocol, protocol development methods, Protocol engineering process, Layered architecture, Network services and Interfaces, Protocol functions, OSI model ,TCP/IP protocol suite UNIT- II PROTOCOL SPECIFICATIONS (9) Components of protocol, Specifications of Communication service, Protocol entity, Interface, Interactions, Multimedia protocol, Internet protocol, SDL, SDL based protocol- other protocol specification languages UNIT- III PROTOCOL VERIFICATION/VALIDATION (9) Protocol verification, Verification of a protocol using finite state machines, Protocol validation approaches, protocol design errors, SDL based protocol verification validation UNIT- IV PROTOCOL CONFORMANCE/PERFORMANCE TESTING (9) Conformance testing methodology and frame work, Conformance test architectures, Test sequence generation methods, Distributed architecture by local methods, Conformance testing with TTCN, systems with semi controllable interfaces - RIP,SDL based tools for conformance testing, SDL based conformance testing of MPLS Performance testing, SDL based performance testing of TCP and OSPF, Interoperability testing, SDL based interoperability testing of CSMA/CD and CSMA/CA protocol using Bridge, Scalability testing UNIT- V PROTOCOL SYNTHESIS AND IMPLEMENTATION (9) Protocol synthesis, Interactive synthesis algorithm, Automatic synthesis algorithm, Automatic synthesis of SDL from MSC, Protocol Re-synthesis; Requirements of protocol implementation, Object based approach to protocol implementation, Protocol compilers, Tool for protocol engineering TOTAL HOURS=45 REFERENCES: 1. Pallapa Venkataram and Sunilkumar S.Manvi, “Communication protocol Engineering”, Eastern Economy edition, 2004 2. Richard Lai and Jirachiefpattana, “Communication Protocol Specification and Verification”, Kluwer Publishers, Boston, 1998. 3. Tarnay, K., “Protocol Specification and Testing”, Plenum, New York, 1991. 4. Mohamed G. Gouda, “Elements of Network Protocol Design”, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, USA, 1998 5. V.Ahuja, “Design and Analysis of Computer Communication networks”, McGraw-Hill, London,1982. 6. G.J.Holtzmann, “Design and validation of Computer protocols”, Prentice Hall, New York, 1991. 11PBEX04 NETWORK ROUTING ALGORITHMS L T P C 3 0 0 3 Course Objectives: The main purpose of this course is to introduce students the various Network Routing Algorithms. To learn about Routing algoithms in Circuit switching network & Packet switching networks Routing algoithms in Routing in High speed and mobile networks Routing algoithms in Mobile Ad-hoc networks UNIT- I CIRCUIT SWITCHING NETWORKS (9) AT & T’s Dynamic Routing Network, Routing in Telephone Network-Dynamic NonHierarchical Routing- Trunk Status Map Routing-Real Time Network Routing, Dynamic Alternative RoutingDistributed Adaptive Dynamic Routing-Optimized Dynamic Routing UNIT- II PACKET SWITCHING NETWORKS (9) Distance vector Routing, Link State Routing, Inter domain Routing-Classless Interdomain routing (CIDR), Interior Gateway routing protocols (IGRP) - Routing Information Protocol (RIP), Open Shortest Path First (OSPF), Exterior Gateway Routing Protocol (EGRP) - Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), Apple Talk Routing and SNA Routing UNIT- III HIGH SPEED NETWORKS (9) Routing in optical networks-The optical layer, Node Designs, Network design and operation, Optical layer cost tradeoffs, Routing and wavelength assignment, Architectural variations, Routing in ATM networks- ATM address structure, ATM Routing, PNNI protocol, PNNI signaling protocol, Routing in the PLANET network and Deflection Routing. UNIT -IV MOBILE NETWORKS (9) Routing in Cellular Mobile Radio Communication networks-Mobile Network Architecture, Mobility management in cellular systems, Connectionless Data service for cellular systems, Mobility and Routing in Cellular Digital Packet Data (CDPD) network, Packet Radio RoutingDARPA packet radio network, Routing algorithms for small, medium and large sized packet radio networks. UNIT- V MOBILE AD-HOC NETWORKS (Manet) (9) Internet based mobile ad-hoc networking, communication strategies, routing algorithms – Tabledriven routing - Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV), Source initiated on-demand routing- Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), Ad-hoc On- demand Distance Vector (AODV), Hierarchical based routing- Cluster head Gateway Switch Routing (CGSR) and TemporallyOrdered Routing Algorithm (TORA), Quality of Service. TOTAL HOURS=45 REFERENCES 1. M. Steen strub, “Routing in Communication networks”, Prentice Hall International, NewYork, 1995. 2. “Internetworking Technologies Handbook”, Fourth Edition, Inc. Cisco Systems, ILSG Cisco Systems, 2003. 3. William Stallings, “ISDN and Broadband ISDN with Frame Relay and ATM”, PHI, New Delhi, 2004. 4. Behrouz A Forouzan, “Data Communications and Networking (3/e), TMH, 2004 5. William Stallings, “High Speed Networks TCP/IP and ATM Design Principles”, Prentice Hall International, New York, 1998. 6. Mohammad Ilyas, “The Handbook of Ad hoc Wireless Networks” CRC Press, 2002. 7. Vijay K.Garg, “Wireless Network Evolution: 2G to 3G”, Pearson Education, New Delhi, India, 2003. 8. Rajiv Ramaswami and Kumar N.Sivarajan, “Optical Networks”,Morgan Kaufmann Publishers,1998. 9. Sumit Kasera and Pankaj sethi, ”ATM Networks”, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company limited, New Delhi,2001. 10. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Special issue on Wireless Ad-hoc Networks,Vol. 17, No.8, 1999. 11PBEX05 SOFT COMPUTING L 3 T 0 P 0 C 3 Course Objectives To introduce the techniques of soft computing and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inferencing systems which differ from conventional AI and computing in terms of its tolerance to imprecision and uncertainty. To introduce the ideas of fuzzy sets and use of heuristics based on human experience UNIT- I ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS (9) Basic concepts-single layer perceptron-Multi layer perceptron-Adaline-Madaline-Learning rulesSupervised learning-Back propagation networks-Training algorithm, Practical difficulties, Advanced algorithms-Adaptive network- Radial basis network-modular network-Applications UNIT- II UNSUPERVISED NETWORKS (9) Introduction- unsupervised learning -Competitive learning networks-Kohonen self organising networks-Learning vector quantisation-Hebbian learning-Hopfield network-Content addressable nature, Binary Hopfield network, Continuous Hopfield network Traveling Salesperson problem Adaptive resonance theory –Bidirectional Associative Memory-Principle component Analysis UNIT- III FUZZY SYSTEMS (9) Fuzzy sets-Fuzzy rules: Extension principle, Fuzzy relation-fuzzy reasoning–fuzzy inference systems: Mamdani model, Sugeno model. Tsukamoto model-Fuzzy decision making-Multiobjective Decision Making,-Fuzzy classification-Fuzzy control methods –Application UNIT- IV NEURO-FUZZY MODELLING (9) Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy based inference systems – classification and regression trees: decision tress, Cart algorithm – Data clustering algorithms: K means clustering, Fuzzy C means clustering, Mountain clustering, Subtractive clustering – rule base structure identification – Neuro fuzzy control: Feedback Control Systems, Expert Control, Inverse Learning, Specialized Learning, Back propagation through Real – Time Recurrent Learning. UNIT -V GENETIC ALGORITHM (9) Fundamentals of genetic algorithm-Mathematical foundations-Genetic modeling-Survival of the fittest crossover- Inversion and Deletion-mutation-reproduction-Generational cycle-rank methodrank space method- Other derivative free optimization-simulated annealing, Random search, Downhill simplex search- Application TOTAL HOURS=45 REFERENCES 1. Jang J.S.R.,Sun C.T and Mizutani E, “Neuro Fuzzy and Soft computing”, Pearson education (Singapore) 2004 2. David E.Goldberg “Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization, and Machine Learning”, Pearson Education, Asia,1996 3. Laurene Fauseett:”Fundamentals of Neural Networks”, Prentice Hall India, New Delhi,1994. 4. Timothy J.Ross:”Fuzzy Logic Engineering Applications”, McGrawHill, NewYork,1997. 5. S.Rajasekaran and G.A.Vijayalakshmi Pai “Neural networks,Fuzzy logics,and Genetic algorithms”, Prentice Hall of India,2003 6. George J.Klir and Bo Yuan,”Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Logic”,Prentice Hall Inc., NewJersey,1995 11PBEX06 INTERNETWORKING MULTIMEDIA L 3 T 0 P 0 C 3 Course Objectives: Fundamentals of multimedia, media and data streams, sound/audio, image, graphics, video and animation. Topics in data compression including coding requirements, source, entropy, and hybrid coding, JPEG, H.261 (px64), MPEG, MP3 and etc. Multimedia operating system issues such as real-time operation, resource management, process management, file systems, and Multimedia networking. UNIT- I MULTIMEDIA NETWORKING (9) Digital sound, video and graphics, basic multimedia networking, multimedia characteristics, evolution of Internet services model, network requirements for audio/video transform, multimedia coding and compression for text, image, audio and video. UNIT- II BROADBAND NETWORK TECHNOLOGY (9) Broadband services, ATM and IP, IPV6, High speed switching, resource reservation, Buffer management, traffic shaping, caching, scheduling, and policing, throughput, delay and jitter performance. Storage and media services, voice and video over IP, MPEG-2 over ATM/IP, indexing synchronization of requests, recording and remote control. UNIT- III RELIABLE TRANSPORT PROTOCOL AND APPLICATIONS (9) Multicast over shared media network, multicast routing and addressing, scaling multicast and NBMA networks, Reliable transport protocols, TCP adaptation algorithm, RTP, RTCP. MIME, Peer- to-Peer computing, shared application, video conferencing, centralized and distributed conference control, distributed virtual reality, light weight session philosophy. UNIT- IV MULTIMEDIA COMMUNICATION STANDARDS (9) Objective of MPEG-7 standard, Functionalities and systems of MPEG-7, MPEG-21 Multimedia Framework Architecture-Content representation, Content Management and usage, Intellectual property management, Audio visual system-H322: Guaranteed QOS LAN systems; MPEG_4 video Transport across internet. UNIT- V MULTIMEDIA COMMUNICATION ACROSS NETWORKS (9) Packet Audio/video in the network environment, video transport across Generic networksLayered video coding, error Resilient video coding techniques, Scalable Rate control, Streaming video across Internet, Multimedia transport across ATM networks and IP network, Multimedia across wireless networks. TOTAL HOURS=45 REFERENCES 1. Jon Crowcroft, Mark Handley, Ian Wakeman, “Internetworking Multimedia”, Harcourt Asia Pvt. Ltd.Singapore, 1998. 2. B.O. Szuprowicz, “Multimedia Networking”, McGraw Hill, Newyork. 1995. 3. Tay Vaughan,” Multimedia - Making it to work”, Tata McGraw Hill , 4ed, NewDelhi, 2000. 11PBEX07 MOBILE COMMUNICATION NETWORKS L 3 T 0 P 0 C 3 Course Objectives: To study various aspects of Network Security Attacks, Services and Mechanisms. To deal with various Encryption, Authentication and Digital Signature Algorithms To deal with different general purpose and application specific Security Protocols UNIT-I OPERATION OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION NETWORKS (9) Operation of first, second, and third generation wireless networks: cellular systems, medium access techniques, Mobile networks Elementary Principles of cellular Telephony Channel Division Techniques (TDMA, FDMA, CDMA) Cellular Coverage Methods Network Planning and Resource Allocation, Network Dimensioning ,Mobility Management Procedures UNIT-I PROPAGATION MODELS AND AIR PROTOCOLS (9) Radio propagation models, error control techniques, handoff, power control, Soft handover, Forward link, Reverse link, common air protocols(AMPS,IS-95,IS-136,GSM,GPRS,EDGE, WCDMA, cdma2000) UNIT-III MOBILE NETWORK ARCHITECTURE (9) General Architecture definition, Mobile Terminals (MT, SIM) Radio Section (BTS, BSC) Core Network (MSC, G-MSC, VLR, HLR, AuC) User and Control Plane Protocol Stack, MAP & SS#7, the Key Role of Signaling Interfaces and Network Entities Relation The Physical Channel, The Logical Channels Terminal, Call and Network Management Procedures, Network Planning. UNIT-IV WIRELESS LOCAL AREA NETWORKS (9) Wireless Local Area Networks , General Characteristics of the Hyper LAN System, 802.11 Standard, Basic DCF access & DCF Access Scheme with Handshaking, PCF Access Scheme, 802.11a Standard, Mobile Ad Hoc Networks, Wireless Sensor Networks, Routing Energy Efficiency, Localization, Clustering. UNIT-V SECURITY ISSUES IN WIRELESS NETWORKS (9) Security in Wireless Networks, Secure routing, Key Pre-distribution and Management, Encryption and Authentication, Security in Group Communication, Trust Establishment and Management, Denial of Service Attacks, Energy-aware security mechanisms, Location verification, Security on Data fusion. TOTAL HOURS=45 REFERENCES: 1. W. Stallings, "Wireless Communications and Networks",Second Edition Prentice Hall, 2007. 2. . Uyless Black ,”Mobile and Wireless Networks” , Prentice Hall PTR, 1996.. 3. T.S.Rappaport,"Wireless Communications: Principles & Practice",Second Edition, Prentice Hall, 2002. 4. Leon-Garcia and I. Widjaja, "Communication Networks, Fundamental Concepts and Key Architectures", McGraw-Hill, 2000. 5. J.Schiller,”Mobile Communications", Addison Wesley, 2000. 6. Fred Halsall, "Multimedia Communications, Applications, Networks, Protocols and Standards",Addison Wesley, 2001. 11PBEX08 MOBILE AND PERSONAL COMMUNICATION L 3 T 0 P 0 C 3 Course Objectives: This course teaches the fundamentals of Radio propagation and its models, Channel allocation for radio wave communication and handover of calls, various modulation and mulitple access techniques, Equalization, diversity and coding used in radio wave communication and fundamentals of personal coomuincation. UNIT –I RADIO PROPOGATION (9) Radio Propagation Characteristics, Models for Path loss, Shadowing & Multipath fading- delay spread, Coherence bandwidth, Coherence Time, Doppler Spread. UNIT –II CHANNEL ALLOCATION & HANDOVER (9) Frequency Reuse, basic theory of hexagonal cell layout, spectrum efficiency, FDM/TDM, Cellular System, channel allocation schemes, Handover analysis, cellular CDMA, Erlang capacity, Antennas for mobile radio and characteristics. UNIT –III MODULATION AND MULTIPLE ACCESS TECHNIQUES (9) Digital modulation for Mobile radio, Analysis under fading channel, diversity techniques and RAKE demodulator, Spread Spectrum Communication, Multiple Access Techniques used in Mobile Wireless Communication. UNIT –IV EQUALIZATION, DIVERSITY AND CODING (9) Linear and Nonlinear Equalization, Adaptive Equalization, Diversity techniques, RAKE Receiver, Speech codes and channel codes. UNIT –V PCS & SATELLITE SYSTEMS (9) PACS – Architecture, PHS, PCS and ISM bands, satellites for Personal Communication Services, WLL, Cordless telephones. REFERENCES: 1. T. S. Rappaport, “Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice”, Pearson Education, Prentice Hall of India, Third Indian Reprint 2003. 2. W. C. Y. Lee, “Mobile Communications Engineering: Theory and applications”, McGraw-Hill International, 2nd Edition, 1998. 11PBEX09 HIGH SPEED SWITCHING ARCHITECTURE L T 3 0 P 0 C 3 Course objectives To highlight the features of different technologies involved in High Speed Switching architecures and their performance. Students will get an introduction about ISDN and ATM. Students will be provided with different Queueing techniques used in ATM switches UNIT- I HIGH SPEED NETWORK (9) LAN and WAN network evolution through ISDN to BISDN - Transfer mode and control of BISDN - SDH multiplexing structure - ATM standard; ATM adaptation layers. UNIT- II LAN SWITCHING TECHNOLOGY (9) Switching concepts; Switch forwarding techniques; switch path control - LAN switching; cut through forwarding; store and forward - virtual LANs. UNIT- III ATM SWITCHING ARCHITECTURE (9) Switch models - Blocking networks – basic and enhanced banyan networks - sorting networks – merge sorting - rearrangeable networks - full and partial connection networks - nonblocking networks – recursive network – construction and comparison of non-blocking network - switches with deflection routing – shuffle switch - tandem banyan. UNIT- IV QUEUES IN ATM SWITCHES (9) Internal queuing – Input, output and shared queuing - multiple queuing networks –combined input, output and shared queuing – performance analysis of queued switches. UNIT- V IP SWITCHING (9) Addressing mode - IP switching types-flow driven and topology driven solutions - IP Over ATM address and next hop resolution – multicasting - IPv6 over ATM. TOTAL HOURS=45 REFERENCES: 1.Achille Patavina, “Switching Theory: Architectures and performance in Broadband ATM Networks”John Wiley & Sons Ltd., New York.1998. 2.Christopher Y Metz, “Switching protocols & Architectures” McGraw Hill, New York.1998. 3.Ranier Handel, Manfred N Huber and Stefan Schrodder, “ATM Networks-concepts, protocols, applications”, Adisson Wesley, New York, 3rd Edition, 1999. 4.John A.Chiong,” Internetworking ATM for the internet and enterprise networks”, McGraw Hill, NewYork, 1998. 11PBEX10 COMMUNICATION NETWORK SECURITY L T 3 0 P 0 C 3 Course objectives: To study various aspects of Network Security Attacks, Services and Mechanisms. To deal with various Encryption, Authentication and Digital Signature Algorithms To deal with different general purpose and application specific Security Protocols and Techniques UNIT- I SYMMETRIC CIPHERS (9) Introduction – Services, Mechanisms and Attacks, OSI security Architecture, Model for network Security; Classical Encryption Techniques- Symmetric Cipher Model, Substitution Techniques, Transposition Techniques, Product ciphers , Data Encryption Standard- Block Cipher Principles, Strength of DES, Differential and Linear Crypt Analysis, Block Cipher Design Principles, Block Cipher Modes of Operation, Stegnography; UNIT- II ADVANCED ENCRYPTION STANDARD AND STREAM CIPHERS (9) Evaluation Criteria for AES, AES Cipher; Contemporary Symmetric Ciphers- Triple DES, Blowfish, RC5- Characteristics of Advanced Symmetric Block Ciphers, Stream ciphers based on LFSRs,RC4 Stream Cipher; Random Number Generation. Traffic Confidentiality, Key Distribution UNIT- III PUBLIC-KEY ENCRYPTION AND HASH FUNCTIONS (9) Public Key Cryptography and Key Management- RSA Algorithm and other public key cryptosystems-, Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange, Elliptic Curve arithmetic, Elliptic Curve Cryptography; Message Authentication and Hash Functions- Authentication Requirements, MD5 Message Digest Algorithm; Secure Hash Algorithm, RIPEMD 160, HMAC; Digital Signatures and Authentication Protocols- Digital Signature Standards. UNIT- IV NETWORK SECURITY PRACTICE (9) Authentication Applications- Kerberos, X.509 Authentication Service; Electronic Mail SecurityPretty Good Privacy, S/MIME; IP Security- overview and Architecture, Authentication Header, Encapsulating Security Payload, Combining Security Associations; Web Security- Web Security Considerations, Secure Sockets Layer and Transport Layer Security, Secure Electronic Transaction. UNIT- V SYSTEM SECURITY (9) Intruders- Intruder Detection, Password Management; Malicious Software- Virus and Related Threats, Virus Counter Measures; Firewalls- Firewall Design Principles, Trusted Systems. TOTAL HOURS=45 REFERENCES 1. William Stallings, “Cryptography and Network Security”, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 3rd Edition, 2004 2. William Stallings, “Network Security Essentials”, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 2nd Edition, 2004 3. Charlie Kaufman , “Network Security: Private Communication in Public World”, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 2nd Edition, 2004 11PBEX11 CRYPTOGRAPHY AND NETWORK SECURITY L T P 3 0 0 C 3 Course objectives: To study various aspects of Network Security Attacks, Services and Mechanisms. To deal with various Encryption, Authentication and Digital Signature Algorithms To deal with different general purpose and application specific Security Protocols and Techniques UNIT- I SYMMETRIC CIPHERS (9) Introduction, Classical Encryption Techniques-Symmetric Cipher Model, Substitution Techniques, Transposition Techniques, Block Ciphers and Data Encryption Standard–Simplified DES, Block Cipher Principles, Data Encryption Standard, Strength of DES, Differential and Linear Crypt Analysis, Block Cipher Design Principles, Block Cipher Modes of operation. UNIT- II AES AND CONFIDENTIALITY (9) Advanced Encryption Standard-Evaluation Criteria for AES, AES Cipher; Contemporary Symmetric Ciphers-Triple DES, Confidentiality using Symmetric Encryption-Placement of Encryption Function, Traffic Confidentiality, Key Distribution, and Random Number Generation. UNIT- III PUBLIC-KEY ENCRYPTION AND HASH FUNCTIONS (9) Public Key Cryptography and RSA- Principles of Public Key Cryptosystems, RSA Algorithm; Key Management, Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange, Elliptic Curve Cryptography; Message Authentication and Hash Functions- Authentication Requirements, Authentication Functions, Message Authentication Codes, Hash Functions and MACs; Hash Algorithms- MD5 Message Digest Algorithm; Secure Hash Algorithm, Digital Signatures and Authentication Protocols, Digital Signature Standards. UNIT- IV NETWORK SECURITY PRACTICE (9) Authentication Applications- Kerberos, X.509 Authentication Service; Electronic Mail SecurityPretty Good Privacy, S/MIME; IP Security- IP Security Overview, IP Security Architecture, Authentication Header, Encapsulating Security Payload, Combining Security Associations; Web Security- Web Security Considerations, Secure Sockets Layer and Transport Layer Security, Secure Electronic Transaction. UNIT- V SYSTEM SECURITY (9) Intruders- Intruder Detection, Password Management; Malicious Software- Virus and Related Threats, Virus Counter Measures; Firewalls- Firewall Design Principles, Trusted Systems. TOTAL HOURS=45 REFERENCES 1. William Stallings, “Cryptography and Network Security”, 3rd Edition. Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 2004 2. William Stallings, “Network Security Essentials”, Prentice Hall of India,New Delhi, 2nd Edition, 2004 3. Charlie Kaufman , “Network Security: Private Communication in Public World”, Prentice Hall of India, 2nd Edition,New Delhi, 2004 11PBEX12 ROUTING IN COMMUNICATION NETWORKS L T P 3 0 0 C 3 Course objectives: The main purpose of this course is to introduce students the various Network Routing Algorithms. To learn about Routing algoithms in Circuit switching networks and Packet switching networks Routing in High speed and mobile networks and Mobile Ad-hoc networks UNIT- I CIRCUIT SWITCHING NETWORKS (9) Dynamic Alternative Routing-Dynamic Routing in Telephone Network– ATM networks with virtual paths–Statistical multiplexing and homogeneous sources, delay guarantees, No statistical multiplexing, heterogonous sources. UNIT- II PACKET SWITCHING NETWORKS (9) Distance vector Routing, Link State Routing, Inter domain Routing-Classless Interdomain routing (CIDR), Interior Gateway routing protocols (IGRP) - Routing Information Protocol (RIP), Open Shortest Path First (OSPF), Exterior Gateway Routing Protocol (EGRP) - Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), Apple Talk Routing. UNIT- III HIGH SPEED NETWORKS (9) Routing in optical networks-Optical link networks-Single hop, multi hop optical networks, hybrid optical networks, photonic networks, Routing in the PLANET network-Packet level Routing–Call level Routing–Network infrastructure-Deflection Routing-Topologies, Deflection routing Algorithms-Performance of routing algorithms on regular topologies –Deflection routing on time varying topologies, resequencing – unslotted operation. UNIT- IV MOBILE NETWORKS (9) Routing in Cellular Mobile Radio Communication networks- Network Architecture, Air interface functionality, Mobility management, Connectionless Data service for cellular systems, Mobility and Routing in Cellular Digital Packet Data (CDPD) network, Packet Radio RoutingDARPApacket radio network, Routing algorithms for small, medium and large sized packet radio networks. UNIT- V MOBILE AD-HOC NETWORKS (9) Internet based mobile ad-hoc networking, Routing algorithms – Table-driven routing-Destination Sequenced Distance Vector(DSDV), Source initiated on-demand routing-Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), Ad-hoc On- demand Distance Vector (AODV), Hierarchical based Routing Cluster head Gateway Switch Routing (CGSR)-Temporally-Ordered Routing Algorithm(TORA). TOTAL HOURS=45 REFERENCES 1. M. Steen strub, “Routing in Communication networks”, Prentice Hall International,NewYork, 1995. 2. Internetworking Technologies Handbook, Inc. Cisco Systems, ILSG Cisco Systems, 4th Edition, 2003. 3. William Stallings, “ISDN and Broadband ISDN with Frame Relay and ATM”, PHI, New Delhi, 2004. 4. Behrouz A Forouzan, “Data Communications and Networking “,TMH, 3rd Edition, 2004 5. William Stallings,” High Speed Networks TCP/IP and ATM Design Principles”, Prentice Hall International, New York, 1998. 11PBEX13 ADVANCED DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING L T 3 0 P 0 C 3 Course objectives To study the image fundamentals and mathematical transforms necessary for image processing. To study the image enhancement techniques To study image restoration procedures. To study the image compression procedures. To study the image segmentation and representation techniques. UNIT- I IMAGE REPRESENTATION AND TRANSFORMS (9) Image representation - Gray scale and color Images, image sampling and quantization. Two dimensional orthogonal transforms - DFT, FFT, Haar transform, KLT, DCT. UNIT- II IMAGE ENHANCEMENT AND RESTORATION (9) Filters in spatial and frequency domains, histogram-based processing, homomorphic filtering. Image Restoration - PSF, circulant and block-circulant matrices, deconvolution, restoration using inverse filtering, Wiener filtering and maximum entropy-based methods. UNIT- III MORPHOLOGICAL OPERATIONS AND EDGE DETECTION (9) Edge detection - Non parametric and model based approaches, LOG filters, localization problem. Mathematical morphology - binary morphology, dilation, erosion, opening and closing, duality relations, gray scale morphology, applications such as hit-and-miss transform, thinning and shape decomposition. UNIT- IV TEXTURE ANALYSIS AND COMPUTER TOMOGRAPHY (9) Computer tomography - parallel beam projection, Radon transform, and its inverse, Backprojection operator, Fourier-slice theorem, CBP and FBP methods, ART, Fan beam projection. Image texture analysis - co-occurrence matrix, measures of textures, statistical models for textures - Hough Transform, boundary detection, chain coding and segmentation, thresholding methods. UNIT- V IMAGE COMMUNICATION (9) JPEG, MPEGs and H.26x standards, packet video, error concealment. TOTAL HOURS=45 REFERENCES 1. Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods, “Digital Image Processing”, Pearson education, 2nd Edition,2002. 2. A. K. Jain, “Fundamentals of digital image processing”, Prentice Hall of India, 1989. 3. R.M. Haralick, and L.G. Shapiro, “Computer and Robot Vision”, Vol-1, Addison Wesley, Reading, MA, 1992. 4. R. Jain, R. Kasturi and B.G. Schunck, “Machine Vision”, McGraw-Hill International Edition, 1995. 5. W. K. Pratt, “Digital image processing”, Prentice Hall, 1989. 11PBEX14 MULTI USER THEORY L 3 T 0 P 0 C 3 Course objectives To know about the advanced area of multiple access and signal detection. To impart Code division multiple access channels Optimum detection matched filter design UNIT- I MULTIACCESS COMMUNICATIONS (9) The multi-access channel - FDMA and TDMA - Random Multiaccess-CDMA - CDMA channel - Basic synchronous and asynchronous CDMA model - signature waveform - data streams modulation-fading-antenna arrays - Discrete time synchronous and asynchronous models. UNIT- II SINGLE-USER MATCHED FILTER (9) Hypothesis testing - Optimal receiver for single user channel - Q function - matched filter in the CDMA function - Asymptotic multiuser efficiency and related measures - coherent single user matched filter in Reyleigh fading - differentially coherent demodulation - non coherent demodulation. UNIT-III OPTIMUM MULTIUSER DETECTION AND DECORRELATING DETECTOR (9) Optimum Detection and error probability for synchronous and asynchronous - channels Reyleigh fading - optimum noncoherent multiuser detection - decorrelating detector in synchronous and asynchronous channel. UNIT- IV NONDECORRELATING LINEAR MULTIUSER DETECTION (9) Optimum linear multiuser detection- Minimum mean square linear multiuser detection performance of MMSE linear multiuser detection - Adaptive MMSE linear multiuser detection canonical representation of linear multiuser detectors - blind MMSE multiuser detection. UNIT- V SUCCESSIVE CANCELLATION AND DECISION-FEEDBACK MULTIUSER DETECTION (9) Successive cancellation - performance analysis of successive cancellation - multistage detection CT tentative decisions - decision feedback multiuser detection. TOTAL HOURS=45 REFERENCES: 1. Sergio Verdo , "Multiuser Detection" Cambridge University Press, 1991 2. IEEE Transaction of communication "Special Issue on Multiuser detection", November, 1997 11PBEX15 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF ALGORITHMS L T 3 0 P 0 C 3 Course objectives: This course aims to introduce the classic algorithms in various domains, and techniques for designing efficient algorithms. UNIT- I INTRODUCTION (9) Polynomial and Exponential algorithms, big "oh" and small "oh" notation, exact algorithms and heuristics, direct / indirect / deterministic algorithms, static and dynamic complexity, stepwise refinement. UNIT- II DESIGN TECHNIQUES (9) Subgoals method, working backwards, work tracking, branch and bound algorithms for traveling salesman problem and knapsack problem, hill climbing techniques, divide and conquer method, dynamic programming, greedy methods. UNIT -III SEARCHING AND SORTING (9) Sequential search, binary search, block search, Fibonacci search, bubble sort, bucket sorting, quick sort, heap sort, average case and worst case behavior, FFT. UNIT- IV GRAPH ALGORITHMS (9) Minimum spanning, tree, shortest path algorithms, R-connected graphs, Even's and Kleitman's algorithms, ax-flow min cut theorem, Steiglitz's link deficit algorithm. UNIT-V SELECTED TOPICS (9) NP Completeness Approximation Algorithms, NP Hard Problems, Strasseu's Matrix Multiplication Algorithms, Magic Squares, Introduction To Parallel Algorithms and Genetic Algorithms, Monti-Carlo Methods, Amortised Analysis. TOTAL HOURS= 45 REFERENCES 1. Sara Baase, "Computer Algorithms : Introduction to Design and Analysis", Addison Wesley, 1988. 2. T.H.Corman, C.E.Leiserson and R.L.Rioest, "Introduction to Algorithms", Mc Graw Hill, 1994. 3. E.Horowitz and S.Sahni, "Fundamentals of Computer Algorithms", Galgotia Publications, 1988. 4. D.E.Goldberg, "Genetic Algorithms : Search Optimization and Machine Learning", Addison Wesley, 1989. 11PBEX16 4G WIRELESS NETWORKS L 3 T 0 P 0 C 3 Course Objectives: In a fourth-generation wireless system, cellular providers have the opportunity to offer data access to a wide variety of devices. A spectrally efficient system (in bits/s/Hz and bits/s/Hz/site) High network capacity: more simultaneous users per cell, Smooth handoff across heterogeneous networks, Seamless connectivity and global roaming across multiple networks, High quality of service for next generation multimedia support (real time audio, high speed data) UNIT I WIRELESS SYSTEMS (9) Cellular concept – cellular architecture. Cellular systems – 1G, 2G, 3G.Wireless in Local Loop, Wireless ATM. Broadband Wireless Access – UWB, IEEE802.11a/b (Wi-Fi), IEEE802.16(WiMax) – HIPERACCESS, IEEE802.20(MobileFi),IEEE802.21(MIHS) and IEEE802.22(WRAN). Optical wireless networks. UNIT II 4G – MAC (9) Introduction – 4G systems. Hybrid 4G network protocols, Channel modeling for 4GMIMO and UWB. Adaptive and Reconfigurable Link layer, adaptive MAC-AMC, HARQ, CDMA, TDMA/OFDMA. Software radio-DAB, DVB. UNIT III 4G – ROUTING (9) Network overlay in 4G, Network synchronization and Power optimal routing. Adaptive network layer-routing with topology aggregation. Adaptive resource management, Network deployment and management. UNIT IV 4G – MOBILITY MANAGEMENT (9) Mobility management – Concept, requirements and operations. Mobility support for LAN/MAN. Mobility management models – Macro mobility and Micro mobility. Mobile IP-MIPv6, HMIP, cellular IP, HAWAII and IDMP, Context-aware mobility management. UNIT V 4G – TCP AND QoS (9) Adaptive TCP and cross layer optimization. Positioning in wireless networks, QoS –Issues. Classifications of QoS approaches – MAC and Network layer solutions. QoS framework – QoS models, QoS Resource reservation signaling, INSIGNIA, INORA, SWAN and proactive RTMAC. TOTAL HOURS= 45 REFERENCES: 1. Savo G.Glisic, “Advanced Wireless Networks: 4G Technologies”, Kindle Editions, 2006. 2. C.Siva Ram Murthy and B.S.manoj, “Ad-Hoc Wireless Networks- Architectures and Protocols”, Pearson Education, 2004. 3. Hendrik Bernt, “Towards 4G Technologies: Services with Initiate”, Kindle Editions, 2006. 4. www.3gpp.org 11PBEX17 NEXT GENERATION IP NETWORKS L T 3 0 P 0 C 3 Course Objectives: Gives important insights into the design of wireless IP networks Illustrates the standards and network architectures defined by leading standards bodies (including MWIF, 3GPP and 3GPP2) Discusses protocols in four key areas: signaling, mobility, quality of service, and security UNIT- I IP V6 ADRESSING (9) Next Generation Networks-Overview-IP V6 Specification-Addressing Architecture- Address Allocation Management-Unicast Address Allocation-Global Unicast Address Format-Testing Address Allocation-Multicast Addressing-Reversed IP V6 Subnet any cast addresses. UNIT -II IP V6 TRANSMISSION AND SECURITY (9) Internet Control Message Protocol-Hop-by-Hop Options-Header Compression-Packet Tunneling -Domain Name System-Transition Mechanisms-Routing-Renumbering-IP Privacy -Security Architecture for the Internet Protocol-IP Authentication Header-IP Encapsulation Security Payload-IP Authentication using Keyed MD5-The ESP DESCBC Transform. UNIT- III IP V6 OVER DIFFERENT NETWORKS (9) IP V6 over Ethernet Networks-IP V6 over FDDI Networks-IP V6 over Token ring Networks- IP V6 over ARCnet Networks- IP V6 over PPP- IP V6 over NBMA Networks- IP V6 over ATM Networks. UNIT- IV WIRELESS IP NETWORK ARCHITECTURES (9) 3GPP Packet Data Networks, Network architecture, Protocol Reference Model, Packet Data Protocols, Bearers, and connections for Packet Services, Packet Data Protocol (PDP) Context, Steps for a Mobile to Access 3GPP Packet-Switched Services, User Packet Routing and Transport, Configuring PDP Addresses on Mobile Stations, GPRS Attach Procedure, Access to MWIF Networks, Session Management. UNIT- V NETWORK CONGESTION CONTROL AND AVOIDANCE (9) Introduction-Queue Management-Scheduling-Types of flows-Queue Management Techniques: RED-FRED-SRED-PI Controller-REM- E-RED Scheduling Algorithms: Fair Queing-CFS. TOTAL HOURS= 45 REFERENCES: 1. RFC 2373, -IP V6 Addressing Architecture, RFC 1881-IPv6 Address Allocation Management 2. RFC 2463-Internet Control Message Protocol, RFC 2402-IP Authentication Header 3. RFC 2497-Transmission of IPv6 Packets over ARCnet Networks, RFC-2492-IPv6 over ATM Networks 4. http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/ 5. JYH-CHENG CHEN, TAO ZHANG,”IP-Based Next Generation Wireless Networks (Systems, Architectures and Protocols)”, by John Wiley & Sons, Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.2004. 6. http://www.icir.org/floyd/red.html 11PBEX18 MODELING AND SIMULATION OF WIRELESS SYSTEMS L T P C 3 0 0 3 Course objectives: The analysis of wireless networks of interest today may include a potentially high number of simulated hosts, their respective computationally-relevant protocol stacks, and their complex, causally-determined aggregate behaviors. Simulation requirements determine memory- and computation-bottlenecks resulting in performance and scalability problems for discrete-event sequential simulation tools and methods, on a single physical execution unit (PEU). UNIT I SIMULATION OF RANDOM VARIABLES AND RANDOM PROCESS (9) Univariate and multi-variate models, Transformation of random variables, Bounds and Approximation, Random process models-Markov AND ARMA sequences, Sampling rate for simulation, Computer generation and testing of random numbers. UNIT II MODELING OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS (9) Information Sources, Formatting/Source Coding, Digital Waveforms, Line Coding, Channel Coding, Radio frequency and Optical Modulation, Demodulation and Detection, Filtering, Multiplexing/Multiple Access, Synchronization, Calibration of Simulations. UNIT III COMMUNICATION CHANNELS & MODELS (9) Fading & Multipath Channels, Almost Free-Space Channels, Finite State Channel Models, Methodology for Simulating Communication Systems Operating over Fading Channels, Reference Models for Mobile Channels: GSM, UMTS-IMT-2000. UNIT IV ESTIMATION OF PARAMETERS IN SIMULATION (9) Quality of an estimator, Estimating the Average Level of a Waveform, Estimating the Average power of a waveform, Estimating the Power Spectral Density of a process, Estimating the Delay and Phase. UNIT V ESTIMATION OF PERFORMANCE MEASURES FROM SIMULATION (9) Estimation of SNR, Performance Measures for Digital Systems, Importance sampling method, Efficient Simulation using Importance Sampling, Quasianalytical Estimation. Case Studies: 16QAM Equalized Line of Sight Digital Radio Link, CDMA Cellular Radio System. TOTAL HOURS=45 REFERENCES: 1. M.C. Jeruchim, Philip Balaban and K.Sam Shanmugam, “ Simulation of Communication Systems Modeling, Methodology and Techniques”, Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, 2000. 2. C. Britton Rorabaugh, “Simulating Wireless Communication Systems: Practical Models in C++”, Prentice Hall, 2004. 3. William H. Tranter, K. Sam Shanmugan, Theodore S. Rappaport, Kurt L. Kosbar, “Principles of Communication Systems Simulation with Wireless Applications”, Prentice Hall PTR, 2002. 4. John G. Proakis, Masoud Salehi, Gerhard Bauch, Bill Stenquist, Tom Ziolkowski, “Contemporary Communication Systems Using MATLAB” Thomson-Engineering, 2ndEdition, 2002. 11PBEX19 MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS L T 3 0 P 0 C 3 Course objectives To give sufficient background for undertaking AD-HOC networks. To introduce students to various MAC and NETWOK protocols UNIT I INTRODUCTION (9) Introduction to Ad Hoc networks - definition, characteristics features, appiications, Characteristics of Wireless channel. Adhoc Mobility Models: - entity and group models. UNIT II MEDIUM ACCESS PROTOCOLS (9) MAC Protocols: design issues, goals and classification. Contention based protocols, reservation based protocols, scheduling algorithms, protocols using directional antennas. UNIT III NETWORK PROTOCOLS (9) Addressing issues in ad hoc network, Routing Protocols: Design issues, goals and classification Proactive Vs reactive routing, Unicast routing algorithms, Multicast routing algorithms, hybrid routing algorithm, Power/ Energy aware routing algorithm, Hierarchical Routing, QoS aware routing. UNIT IV END -TO - END DELIVERY AND SECURITY (9) Transport layer: Issues in designing- Transport layer classification, adhoc transport protocols. Security issues in adhoc networks: issues and challenges, network security attacks, secure routing protocols. UNIT V CROSS LAYER DESIGN AND INTEGRATION OF ADHOC FOR 4G (9) Cross layer Design: Need for cross layer design, cross layer optimization, parameter optimization techniques, Cross layer cautionary perspective, Co-operative networks;- Architecture, methods of co-operation, co-operative antennas, Integration of ad hoc network with other wired and wireless networks. TOTAL HOURS=45 REFERENCES 1. C.Siva Ram Murthy and B.S.Manoj, 'Ad hoc Wireless Networks Architectures and protocols", 2nd edition, Pearson Education. 2007. 2. Charles E. Perkins, "Ad hoc Networking", Addison - Wesley, 2000. 3. Stefano Basagni, Marco Conti, Silvia Giordano and Ivan stojmenovic, "Mobile adhoc networking", Wiley-IEEE press, 2004. 4. Mohammad llyas, "The handbook of adhoc wireless networks", CRC press, 2002. 5. T. Camp, J. Boleng, and V Davies "A Survey of Mobility Models for Ad Hoc Network Research," Wireless Communication and Mobile Comp., Special Issue on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking Research, Trends and Applications, vol. 2, no. 5, 2002, pp.483-502. 6. Fekri M. Abduljalil and Shrikant K Bodhe , "A survey of integrating IP mobility protocols and Mobile Ad hoc networks", IEEE communication Survey and tutorials, v 9.no.1 2007. 11PBEX20 MEDICAL IMAGE PROCESSING L 3 T 0 P 0 C 3 Course objectives To give sufficient background for undertaking image processing fundamentals and preprocessing techniques To introduce students to the image reconstruction and classification UNIT I IMAGE FUNDAMENTALS (9) Image Perception - MTF of the Visual System - Image Fidelity Criteria - Image Model – Image Sampling and Quantization - Two Dimensional Sampling Theory - Image Quantization Optimum Mean Square Quantizer - Image Transforms - 2D - DFT and Other Transforms. UNIT II IMAGE PREPROCESSING (9) Image Enhancement - Point Operation - Histogram Modeling - Spatial Operations - Transform Operations - Image Restoration - Image Degradation Model - Inverse and Weiner Filtering Image Compression - Spatial and Transform Methods UNIT III MEDICAL IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION (9) Mathematical Preliminaries and Basic Reconstruction Methods - Image Reconstruction in CT Scanners - MRI, FMRI, Ultra Sound Imaging - 3D Ultra Sound Imaging Nuclear Medicine Imaging Modalities - SPECT.PET - Molecular Imaging. UNIT IV IMAGE ANALYSIS AND CLASSIFICATION (9) Image Segmentation - Pixel Based - Edge Based - Region Based Segmentation - Image Representation and Analysis - Feature Extraction and Representation - Statistical - Shape Texture - Feature and Image Classification - Statistical - Rule Based – Neural Network Approaches. UNIT V IMAGE REGISTRATIONS AND VISUALIZATION (9) Rigid Body Visualization - Principal Axis Registration - Interactive Principal Axis Registration Feature based Registration - Elastic Deformation based Registration – Image Visualization - 2D Display Methods - 3D Display Methods - Virtual Reality based Interactive Visualization. TOTAL HOURS=45 REFERENCES 1. Atam P.Dhawan, “Medical Image Analysis”, Wiley Interscience Publication, 2003. 2. R.C.Gonzalez and R.E.Woods, “Digital Image Processing”, Pearson Education, 2002. 3. Anil. K. Jain, “Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing”, Pearson Education, 2003. 4. Alfred Horowitz, “MRI Physics for Radiologists - A Visual Approach”, Springer Verlag, 1991. 5. Kavyan Najarian and Robert Splerstor, “ Biomedical Signals and Image Processing”,2006. 6. John LSemmlow, “Biosignal and Biomedical Image Processing Matlab Based Applications”, 2004. 7. Jerry L.Prince and Jnathan M.Links, “Medical Imaging Signals and Systems”, Pearson Education, 2006.