Download Introduction to the Human Body

Introduction to the Human
Body
Chapter 1
Organization of the Human Body
Warm Up Questions


1.
2.
3.
Write a brief answer to these questions in
your notebook.
Try to answer the questions even if you are
not sure.
What is the difference between anatomy and
physiology?
What is a cell?
What is an organ?
Chapter Objectives





Describe the levels of structural organization that
compose the human body.
Briefly explain how body systems relate to each
other.
Define the life processes of the human body.
Define homeostasis and describe its importance in
health and disease.
Describe several planes that may be passed
through the human body and explain how sections
are made.
What are we studying?
I. What we are studying
A. Anatomy—study of structure and relationships
among structures.
B. Physiology—study of body functions.
C. “Form and Function”
Organization
II. Levels of Structural Organization
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
Chemical level
Cellular level
Tissue level
Organ level
System level
Organism level
Figure 1.01 Levels of Structural
Organization in the Body
Organ Systems
III. Organ Systems of the Human Body
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
K.
Integumentary system
Skeletal system
Muscular system
Nervous system
Endocrine system
Cardiovascular system
Lymphatic and Immune system
Respiratory system
Digestive system
Urinary system
Reproductive system
How Body Systems Work Together
Ex:
The Integumentary system (skin, hair, and
nails) is involved in the production of
vitamin D, which the body needs in order to
use calcium properly. The calcium is used
for the growth and development of bones.
Life Processes
IV. Processes Essential to All Life
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
Metabolism
Responsiveness
Movement
Growth
Differentiation
Reproduction
Homeostasis
Warm Up #2


How are organs, cells, and tissues related?
How is differentiation different from growth?
Homeostasis
V. Homeostasis
A. The condition in which the body’s internal
environment remains within certain physiological
limits
B. May be disturbed by any stimulus that creates
an imbalance in the internal environment
C. Related to health and disease
Feedback Systems
VI. Feedback system
A. A cycle of events in which information about the
status of body conditions is continually
monitored and fed back to a central control
region.
B. Parts of feedback system:
1.
2.
3.
Receptor
Control center
Effector
Feedback Systems
C. Types of feedback
1.
Negative Feedback—reverses a change
a.
b.
2.
Works towards homeostasis
Ex: BP, temperature, glucose levels
Positive Feedback—reinforces a change
a.
b.
Works away from homeostasis
Ex: Child birth and lactation
Figure 1.03 Homeostasis
of Blood Pressure
Warm Up #3

Try to guess the anatomical/medical term for:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Nose
Navel (bellybutton)
Finger
Hand
Wrist
Thigh
Foot
Buttock
Anatomical Terms
VII.Anatomical terminology
A. Anatomical position
B. 5 Body Regions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Head
Neck
Trunk
Upper Limb
Lower Limb
C. Many regional terms (Fig 1.04)
Figure 1.04 The
Anatomical
Position
Directional Terms
D. Directional Terms
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Superior (cephalic) – Inferior (caudal)
Anterior (ventral) – Posterior (dorsal)
Medial – Lateral
Proximal – Distal
Superficial – Deep
Intermediate
Figure 1.05 Directional Terms
Planes and Sections
E. Planes / Sections
1. Sagittal
a. Midsagittal
b. Parasagittal
2. Frontal
3. Transverse
4. Oblique
Objective: Describe the planes that pass through the human body and explain how sections are made.
Figure 1.06 Planes of
the Human Body
Objective: Describe the planes that pass through the human body and explain how sections are made.
Figure 1.07 Planes and
Sections Through
Different Parts of the
Brain
Objective: Describe the planes that pass through the human body and explain how sections are made.
Cavities
F. Body cavities
1. Dorsal
a.
b.
Cranial
Vertebral
2. Ventral – split by the diaphragm
a.
Thoracic
i.
ii.
iii.
b.
Pleural
Mediastinum
Pericardial
Abdominopelvic
i.
ii.
Abdominal
Pelvic
Objective: Describe the organization of the body cavities.
Figure 1.08 Body Cavities
Objective: Describe the organization of the body cavities.
Figure 1.09 Thoracic Cavity
Objective: Describe the organization of the body cavities.
Figure 1.09b Thoracic Cavity
Objective: Describe the organization of the body cavities.
Abdominopelvic Regions
G. Regions of the abdominopelvic region
1. 9 region system
a. Used by anatomists
2. 4 quadrant system
a. Used in the medical field
b. Divide cavity at the umbilicus
Figure 1.10 The Nine Regions of the Abdominopelvic Cavity
Figure 1.11 Quadrants of the Abdominopelvic Cavity