Download MUSCLES OF THE LOWER EXTREMITY REMEMBER! GLUTEAL

MUSCLES OF THE LOWER EXTREMITY
REMEMBER!
GLUTEAL REGION AND MUSCLES ON
THE ANTERIOR SIDE OF THE PELVIS ATTACH THE LOWER EXTREMITY TO
PELVIC GIRDLE
THIGH - HIP TO THE KNEE
LEG - KNEE TO THE ANKLE
FOOT - DISTAL TO THE ANKLE
ANTERIOR MUSCLES
CROSSING THE HIP
MUSCLES OF THE
ANTERIOR
COMPARTMENT OF THE
THIGH
MUSCLES OF THE
MEDIAL COMPARTMENT
OF THE THIGH
ANTERIOR MUSCLES ORIGINATING ON
THE PELVIS WHICH CROSS THE HIP JOINT
1.  ILIOPSOAS
(ILIACUS AND PSOAS MAJOR)
2. SARTORIUS
ILIOPSOAS
COMPOSED OF TWO
MUSCLES - ILIACUS
AND PSOAS MAJOR
ILIACUS FROM THE
ILIAC FOSSA; PSOAS
MAJOR FROM T12
AND THE LUMBAR
VERTEBRAE
EXITS THE PELVIS
DEEP TO THE
INGUINAL LIGAMENT
INSERTS INTO THE
LESSER TROCHANTER
CHIEF FLEXOR OF THE
THIGH OR TRUNK
INGUINAL
LIGAMENT
SARTORIUS
MOST SUPERFICIAL IN
THE ANTERIOR THIGH
PASSES OBLIQUELY
FROM LATERAL TO
MEDIAL ACROSS THIGH
INSERTS AS PART OF
THE “PES ANSERINUS”
LONGEST MUSCLE IN
THE BODY
FLEXES AND
LATERALLY ROTATES
THIGH AND FLEXES
LEG; CROSSES 2
JOINTS
THIGH CONSISTS OF 3 COMPARTMENTS1. ANTERIOR
2. MEDIAL
3. POSTERIOR
EACH HAVING A SPECIFIC ACTION
EACH INNERVATED BY A SPECIFIC NERVE
EACH GROUP SEPARATED BY FASCIAL
WALLS FORMED BY THE DEEP FASCIA
OF THE THIGH
ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT MUSCLES OF
THE THIGH
1. RECTUS FEMORIS (ALSO CROSSES THE
HIP JOINT)
2. VASTUS LATERALIS
3. VASTUS MEDIALIS
4. VASTUS INTERMEDIUS
5. TENSOR FASCIA LATAE
ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT MUSCLES* QUADRICEPS ALL INNERVATED BY THE FEMORAL
NERVE
RECTUS FEMORIS
VASTUS LATERALIS
VASTUS MEDIALIS
VASTUS INTERMEDIUS
ALL 4 UNITE TO FORM THE QUADRICEPS TENDON
WHICH CONTAINS THE PATELLA
FROM THE PATELLA TO THE TIBIAL TUBEROSITY
IS THE PATELLAR LIGAMENT
RECTUS FEMORIS
THE KICKING MUSCLE EXTENDS THE LEG
ALSO CROSSES THE HIP
JOINT SO CAN FLEX THE
THIGH
VASTUS LATERALIS
THE VASTUS MUSCLES
ARE VERY LARGE (VAST)
COVER THE ENTIRE
ANTERIOR SURFACE OF
THE FEMUR
VASTUS LATERALIS IS
THE LARGEST
COMPONENT
LOCATED ON THE
LATERAL SIDE OF THE
THIGH
VASTUS MEDIALIS
COVERS THE MEDIAL
SUFACE OF THE FEMUR
FORMS A TEAR DROP
SHAPED BULGE JUST
ABOVE THE KNEE
VASTUS INTERMEDIUS
LIES DEEP TO THE RECTUS
FEMORIS
LOOKS VERY TENDINOUS
NOT MUSCULAR
PSOAS MAJOR
ILIACUS
SARTORIUS
RECTUS
FEMORIS
VASTUS
LATERALIS
VASTUS MEDIALIS
ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT
INNERVATED BY THE
FEMORAL NERVE
MOST IMPORTANT FOR
EXTENDING THE LEG; MINOR
FLEXION OF THE THIGH
TENSOR FASCIA
LATAE*
LIES ON THE
LATERAL SIDE OF
THE HIP AND UPPER
THIGH
INSERTS INTO THE
ILIOTIBIAL
BAND/TRACT
FLEXES THE THIGH
WITH THE
ILIOPSOAS
MEDIALLY ROTATES
AND ABDUCTS THE
THIGH WITH OTHER
MUSCLES
ILIOTIBIAL BAND
*SUPERIOR GLUTEAL NERVE
TENSOR FASCIA LATAE MUSCLE LOCATED ON
THE LATERAL SIDE OF
THE HIP
ILIOTIBIAL BAND CONNECTIVE TISSUE
BAND, THE TENSOR
FASCIA LATA INSERTS
INTO THIS BAND
ILIOTIBIAL BAND INSERTS ONTO THE
LATERAL TIBIA (GERDY’S
TUBERCLE)
TENSOR FASCIA
LATAE
ILIOTIBIAL
TRACT
VASTUS
LATERALIS
MEDIAL COMPARTMENT MUSCLES OF
THE THIGH
1. ADDUCTOR MAGNUS
2. ADDUCTOR LONGUS
3. ADDUCTOR BREVIS
4. PECTINEUS
5. GRACILIS
*REMEMBER THAT COMPARTMENTS
ARE USUALLY INNERVATED BY ONE
NERVE AND HAVE ONE PRIMARY
ACTION
MEDIAL COMPARTMENT OF THE THIGH
ADDUCTORS OF THE THIGH (STABILIZE
THE THIGH DURING FLEXION AND
EXTENSION)
ORIGINATE FROM THE PELVIS
INNERVATED BY THE OBTURATOR NERVE
A GROIN INJURY OR PULLED GROIN
INVOLVES THESE MUSCLES
ADDUCTOR MAGNUS*
LARGEST ADDUCTOR
MOST DEEPLY
LOCATED
ATTACH TO THE
LINEA ASPERA
MOST MEDIAL FIBERS
ATTACH TO THE
ADDUCTOR
TUBERCLE; THESE
FIBERS ALSO EXTEND
THE THIGH
*OBTURATOR AND
TIBIAL NERVE
ADDUCTOR LONGUS
MOST ANTERIOR
MUSCLE OF THE
ADDUCTOR GROUP
ARISES INFERIOR TO
THE PUBIC
TUBERCLE
NARROW TRIANGLE
SHAPED
ADDUCTOR BREVIS
DEEP TO ADDUCTOR
LONGUS
THINNER AND
SMALLER THAN
ADDUCTOR LONGUS
OBTURTOR NERVE
DIVIDED INTO AN
ANTERIOR AND
POSTERIOR DIVISION
ON EITHER SIDE OF
THIS MUSCLE
PECTINEUS
LOCATED MORE
ANTERIORLY THAN THE
OTHER ADDUCTORS;
CAN FLEX AND ADDUCT
THE THIGH
LATERAL TO THE
ADDUCTOR LONGUS
AND MEDIAL TO THE
ILIOPSOAS
INNERVATION BY THE
FEMORAL NERVE (MAY
ALSO RECEIVE THE
OBTURATOR NERVE)
GRACILIS
LONG THIN MUSCLE,
MAY BE CONFUSED
WITH SARTORIUS
LIES ALONG THE
MEDIAL THIGH
ONLY ADDUCTOR TO
CROSS THE KNEE
ALSO FLEXES THE LEG
WILL FORM THE PES
ANSERINUS ON THE
MEDIAL SIDE OF THE
TIBIAL WITH THE
SARTORIUS AND THE
SEMITENDINOSUS
PES
ANSERINUS
PES ANSERINUS: 3 TENDONS
INSERTING ON THE MEDIAL
TIBIA
PECTINEUS
ILIOPSOAS
ADDUCTOR
LONGUS
GRACILIS
FEMORAL TRIANGLE:
AREA ON THE ANTERIOR
SURFACE OF THE THIGH
LATERAL BORDER SARTORIUS
MEDIAL BORDER ADDUCTOR LONGUS
FEMORAL
TRIANGLE
SUPERIOR BORDER INGUINAL LIGAMENT
FLOOR (POSTERIOR
WALL) - PECTINEUS,
ILIOPSOAS, ADDUCTOR
LONGUS
FEMORAL NERVE,
ARTERY AND VEIN LIE
INSIDE TRIANGLE
FEMORAL TRIANGLE:
CONTENTS - FEMORAL
NERVE, ARTERY AND VEIN
(NAVEL)
MUSCLES OF THE
GLUTEAL REGION
AND POSTERIOR
THIGH
MUSCLES OF THE GLUTEAL REGION AND
THE POSTERIOR THIGH
GLUTEAL REGION ON POSTERIOR SIDE OF
PELVIS: EXTENDS, ABDUCTS, MEDIAL
AND LATERAL ROTATION OF THE THIGH
POSTERIOR THIGH: MUSCLES KNOWN AS
HAMSTRINGS, EXTEND THE THIGH AND
FLEX THE LEG
GLUTEAL MUSCLES:
GLUTEUS MAXIMUS
GLUTEUS MEDIUS
GLUTEUS MINIMUS
LATERAL ROTATORS OF THE THIGH:
PIRIFORMIS
OBTURATOR INTERNUS
SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR GEMELLI
OBTURATOR EXTERNUS
QUADRATUS FEMORIS
GLUTEUS MAXIMUS
MOST SUPERFICIAL OF
THE GLUTEAL MUSCLES
FIBERS SLOPE
INFERIORLY AND
LATERALLY AT 45º
INSERTS INTO
ILIOTIBIAL BAND
MAJOR EXTENSOR OF
THE THIGH AND
LATERAL ROTATOR
GLUTEUS MEDIUS AND
MINIMUS*
ABDUCT THE THIGH
AND ROTATE IT
MEDIALLY
*ESSENTIAL ROLE IN
LOCOMOTION:
PREVENTS THE
UNSUPPORTED LIMB
FROM DRAGGING ON
THE GROUND BY
KEEPING THE PELVIS
LEVEL
RIGHT LIMB
UNSUPPORTED, LEFT
MUSCLES CONTRACT
TO TILT THE PELVIS
WHEN THE WEIGHT IS SUPPORTED BY ONE FOOT,
THE MUSCLES (GLUTEUS MEDIUS AND MINIMUS) OF
THAT SAME SIDE HOLD THE PELVIS SO THAT THE
PELVIS WILL NOT SAG ON THE SIDE OF THE
UNSUPPORTED LIMB.
WHEN THE GLUTEUS MEDIUS AND MINIMUS ARE
INACTIVE OWING TO INJURY OF THE SUPERIOR
GLUTEAL NERVE, THE SUPPORTING AND STEADING
ACTION OF THESE MUSCLES IS LOST AND THE
PELVIS FALLS TO THE SIDE OF THE RAISED OR
UNSUPPORTED LIMB. THIS IS THE
TRENDELENBERG SIGN.
LATERAL ROTATORS OF THE THIGH - 6
MUSCLES
DEEP TO GLUTEUS MAXIMUS
ALL INSERT ON OR NEAR THE GREATER
TROCHANTER
PIRIFORMIS
TRIANGLE SHAPED
ALL OTHER
ROTATORS ARE
LOCATED INFERIOR
TO THE PIRIFORMIS
SCIATIC NERVE SCIATIC NERVE
EXITS INFERIOR
KEY MUSCLE IN
LOCATING OTHER
STRUCTURES
LOCATION OF SCIATIC NERVE
OBTURATOR INTERNUS
WHITE TENDON IN THE
GLUTEAL REGION
MUSCLE LOCATED
INSIDE THE PELVIS
ORIGINATES OFF THE
SACRUM
THE GEMELLUS
SUPERIOR AND
INFERIOR BORDER
OBTURATOR INTERNUS
QUATRATUS
FEMORIS
THICK SQUARESHAPED MUSCLE
LOCATED
INFERIOR TO THE
GEMELLUS
INFERIOR
STRONG LATERAL
ROTATOR OF THE
THIGH
GLUTEUS
MAXIMUS
GLUTEUS
MEDIUS
PIRIFORMIS
SUPERIOR
GEMELLUS
OBTURATOR
INTERNUS
GEMELLUS
INFERIOR
QUADARTUS
FEMORIS
INTRAGLUTEAL
INJECTIONS
SAFE IN THE
UPPER LATERAL
QUADRANT
SAFE AREA
THE POSTERIOR THIGH HAS 3
MUSCLES COLLECTIVELY CALLED THE
HAMSTRINGS
BICEPS FEMORIS
SEMITENDINOSUS
SEMIMEMBRANOSUS
THEY ARE THE EXTENSORS OF THE
THIGH AND THE FLEXORS OF THE LEG
INNERVATION - SCIATIC NERVE; SHORT
HEAD OF BICEPS BY COMMON FIBULAR
NERVE
BICEPS FEMORIS
LATERALLY
LOCATED
TWO HEADS LONG
AND SHORT
LONG HEAD
CROSSES THE HIP
AND THE KNEE
JOINT
SHORT HEAD ONLY
CROSSES THE KNEE
JOINT, LIES DEEP TO
LONG HEAD
SEMITENDINOSUS
MEDIALLY LOCATED
IN THE THIGH
LONG CORD-LIKE
TENDON
INSERTS ON THE
MEDIALLY SIDE OF
THE KNEE ALONG
WITH THE GRACILIS
AND THE SARTORIUS
AS THE PES
ANSERINUS
PES ANSERINUS
SEMIMEMBRANOSUS
LIES DEEP THE THE
SEMITENDINOSUS
THICKER MUSCLE
HAS A WIDE FLAT
MEMBRANOUS
INSERTION,
THAT EXTENDS TO
THE POSTERIOR
SIDE OF THE KNEE
GLUTEUS MEDIUS
GLUTEUS MINIMUS
PIRIFORMIS
SEMITENDINOSUS
SEMIMEMBRANOUS
BICEPS FEMORIS