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Transcript
Reformasi Lembaga Keuangan
Internasional dan Manfaatnya
untuk Pembangunan Indonesia
Herfan Brilianto
Hotel Santika, 20 Desember 2010
Pendahuluan
•Krisis 2008 momentum untuk memahami keterbatasan LKI
•Integrasi ekonomi global butuh koordinasi global
•LKI punya mandat, cakupan keanggotaan, dan kapasitas
(finansial, SDM, institutional knowledge), tapi:
• Who’s control the controller?
• Institusi 1944 : dunia telah berubah!!
• G7 ke G20 : growth contributor, share GDP
• Key challenges tetap: poverty, crisis prevention &
resolution, tapi nature berubah karena proses globalisasi
•Apakah ada massive disconnection antara sistem global dan
fundamental?
Koordinasi Kebijakan Jangka Pendek: Langkah Pemulihan
Washington Summit
•
•
Kesepakatan
Jangka Pendek
Stabilisasi Sistem
Keuangan
• Dukungan
kebijakan moneter
• Stimulus fiskal bagi
domestic demand
• Akses pendanaan
bagi EMDCs
• Reformasi MDB
agar bisa
menggunakan full
capacity untuk
menangani krisis
• Rekapitalisasi IFIs
London Summit
•
Pittsburgh Summit
Komitmen Nominal
• Stimulus fiskal
($5 trillion by 2010)
• Bank Sentral
menggunakan full range
of monetary policy
instruments (termasuk
non-conventional
measures)
• Memulihkan domestic
lending & int’ capital
flows
• $1 trillion additional
resources ke IFIs
(750bn IMF, 250bn
MDBs)
• Memberi mandat ke
IMF untuk menganalisa
secara reguler actions
taken & required
• Memperkuat mandat
surveillance IMF
•
Exit Strategy
•
Meneruskan stimulus
fiskal hingga recovery
cukup kuat
• Menyiapkan exit pada
saat yang tepat
melalui kebijakan yang
terkoordinir
* Meluncurkan
Framework for strong,
sustainable and balanced
global growth
6
Koordinasi Kebijakan Jangka Menengah: G20 Framework
Time
table
Framework Launching
(Pittsburgh)
Basket of Policy Options
(Toronto)
Toronto Summit
Seoul Summit
• Growth-friendly fiscal
consolidation
•
•
Halve fiscal deficits by 2013 for
advanced economies
Stabilize the Debt-to-GDP ratio by
2016
• Group level policy options
•
Advanced deficit countries
→ boost national savings
• Advanced surplus countries
→ focus on domestic demand
• Emerging surplus countries
→ strengthen social safety nets
•
All countries → structural reform
Policy Recommendations
(Seoul)
• Strong, Sustainable and
Balanced growth
• Comprehensive action plan
•
Country-specific policy initiatives
•
G20 Mutual Assessment Process
at the country level
• Identification of additional
measures
•
Towards flexible exchange rates
• Advanced countries mindful of
policy impact
• Indicative guidelines for current
account
7
Reformasi LKI
Washington Summit
overview
Peran IFIs dalam crisis
management
Antisipasi dampak krisis terhadap
operasi IFIs
•
• IMF
• Need for reforming IFIs
functions
•
•
London Summit
Need for Governance Reform
• Peran negara berkembang
• Memperluas keanggotaan FSF
• Merubah FSF menjadi FSB
•
•
•
Introducing Flexible Credit Line
(FCL)
Open, transparent and Merit-based
election of senior leadership and
heads
Expediting the Timeline of Reform
• IMF quota reform (’13.1=>’11.1)
• WB voting reform
(‘11.spring=>’10.spring)
•
Increasing the IFIs Resources to
Developing Countries
•
$1,100 billion
13
Reformasi LKI
Pittsburgh Summit
• IMF
• Kesepakatan untuk
5% quota shift from
the over-represented
to under-represented
•
• World Bank
3% voting power shift
from the advanced to
the developing &
transition countries
Toronto Summit
• IMF
• Seoul Summit
sebagai deadline
reformasi kuota
• World Bank
• completed the voice
reform (3.13% voting
power shift to DTC)
• agreed to $350
billion in capital
increase of MDBs
Seoul Summit
• IMF quota reform
• shift of 6% in quota
share dan GCI
100%
• IMF governance
reform
• Mengurangi 2 kursi
Eropa di BODs
• Board’s
effectiveness
• Memperkuat peran
Governors
• Staff diversity
• selection process
for heads and senior
leadership of IFIs
14
Kondisi Global Saat Ini
Kekuatan
•
•
•
•
•
Avoiding recession
Framework as real
coordinative effort
Financial regulation
(compensation,
capital standard,
OTC)
• IFIs reform
Development focus
Financial Inclusion
• Anti Corruption
Strengthening global economic
governance
Kelemahan
•
Real Progress
from G20
Start to move
beyond crisis
agenda
Slowing &
Uneven
Recovery
Persistent Risks
Higher domestic pressure for
unilateral action (currency wars,
protectionism)
• Possible distraction from
building fundamentals due to
domestic agenda
•
High unemployment
• Sovereign debt crisis
• Fragile financial sectors
• Rising global imbalances
• Capital flows volatility
• Commodity price fluctuation & rising
energy & food price
• Slow progress in climate change &
Doha Agenda
12
Isu yang Mewarnai 2011 yang akan berpengaruh
kepada agenda pembangunan Indonesia
• Krisis sovereign debt di Eropa (Greece, Ireland, … Portugal,
Spain, California?)
• Exchange rate / competitive devaluation
• Proteksionisme
• Volatilitas capital flow
• Food and energy price
• Fokus G20: Revaluation and Rebalancing Global Economy
melalui koordinasi makro global (inisiatif Framework for Strong,
Sustainable and Balanced Growth) sebagai upaya memperkuat
global economic governance dari G20.
Posisi Indonesia
• Instruksi Presiden: pertumbuhan harus inklusif (Development &
Financial Inclusion) dan forum internasional harus dimanfaatkan
untuk memajukan tema tersebut dalam rangka mendorong
inisiatif di dalam negeri: all out economic diplomacy: ASEAN,
APEC, G20
• Penanganan Framework sebagai jangkar bagi seluruh inisiatif di
G20.
•Development: Seoul Consensus & Multi Years Action Plan
•Financial Inclusion: Global Partnership for Financial
Inclusion Financial Inclusion Action Plan: Financial Inclusion
Reformasi LKI dan Agenda Pembangunan
• LKI selama ini fokus kepada agenda G7 dan negara maju,
fenomena G20 merupakan “once in a lifetime opportunity” untuk
mengembalikan LKI pada mandat awal sebagai global public
goods dengan mengedepankan perspektif pembangunan dan
pemerataan pertumbuhan ekonomi.
• Agenda pembangunan global akan sulit untuk dipercepat
apabila tidak diimbangi dengan kelanjutan reformasi LKI .
•Reformasi IMF: stabilitas makro dan keuangan, antisipasi
bubble dan spillover impact
•Reformasi MDBs: percepatan pencapaian MDGs,
fleksibilitas instrumen
•Reformasi FSB: regulasi sektor keuangan untuk facilitating
growth
Sekian-Terima Kasih