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Exam 3 Review: Lectures 21+
Nutrition 150
Winter 2007
Exam: Tuesday, March 20, 1-3pm in regular classroom
Strategies for Studying:
1) Go over all lectures including those given by fellow students
2) Read assigned chapters in the book, focusing on material covered in lecture
3) Work through study questions in the book
4) Understand in-class activities and homework assignments
5) Understand concepts of graphing, especially as related to the graphs discussed
in class. Be able to explain and create graphs.
Topics:
Nutrition for 1) Infants
2) Children
3) Adolescents
4) Pregnant Women
5) Lactating Women
6) Older Adults and the Elderly
Government nutrition programs
Preventing food contamination
Diabetes
Food Allergies
Diet and the Mind
Organic Foods
Fad Diets
Prion Diseases
Concepts to Review:
Actions of important vitamins: B12, C, E, D, folate
Actions of important minerals: calcium, iron, zinc
BMI and categorizations of underweight, healthy weight, overweight, and obese
Causes and consequences of eating disorders
Antioxidants, phytochemicals, and supplements
Recommended intake of carbohydrates, fats, and protein for adults
Study Exercises:
1. What special dietary needs do children <1 yr of age have and why?
2. Discuss what foods are appropriate for an individual from 1 day to 1 year of life. What
foods can be introduced at different ages? Why can’t infants eat whole foods from birth?
3. Think about why a newborn would need relatively more vitamins and minerals than
the typical adult.
4. What are the short and long-term benefits of breastfeeding for the child?
5. What are the benefits of breastfeeding for the mother?
6. Name at least two ways that breast milk affects a child’s immune system. How does
formula differ from breast milk in these qualities?
7. When is it appropriate to introduce cow’s milk and why should infants not consume
this milk?
8. What are the recommended components of a child’s diet? How many servings of dairy
should children get each day?
9. Why is iron such an important mineral for growing children and adolescents, pregnant
women, lactating women, and elderly individuals?
10. Discuss the status of calcium intake in our country? Do we see deficiencies in some
segments of the population? If so, which ones?
11. Discuss some methods that help children and adolescents develop healthy eating
habits.
12. How can the nutritional status of a pregnant mother affect her child throughout life?
13. Discuss the effects of alcohol, smoking, and caffeine in pregnant and nursing women.
14. Name the tissues that increase in weight in a pregnant woman.
15. Give some reasons why women choose to or not to breast feed.
16. Discuss the different ways we define can define an individual’s age.
17. Give one reason why metabolic rate declines in older individuals. Give one way that
the digestive tract of older people changes.
18. Discuss how changes in the senses can affect the nutritional status of an older person.
19. Discuss how antioxidant vitamins (which are they?) can affect the risk of developing
some of the diseases of old age and how they can help alleviate some of the systems of
diseases typically seen in the elderly.
20. Why does the government provide nutrition assistance programs? Describe a couple
of the government programs?
20. What is diabetes? Discuss which segments of the population are at risk for
contracting diabetes.
22. Name some of the tactics used to prevent contamination of our food with pathogens.
23. What is a food allergy and what are the common food allergens? What is the
difference between a food allergy and a food intolerance?
24. What nutrients can help combat some forms of depression and fatigue?
25. What is the difference between a weight loss program and a diet?
26. What are some of the characteristics of fad diets? What are some common health
risks of fad diets?
27. What is mad cow disease, what may cause it, and how does it relate to variant
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) in humans?
28. How does the government try to protect at risk groups from malnutrition?
Study Questions:
1. True or False: The weight of an individual typically doubles in the first year of life.
2. Compared to a typical middle-aged adult, the basal metabolic rate of an infant is:
a. higher
b. lower
c. the same
3. Infants need MORE/LESS fat in their diet than adults.
4. Name one vitamin or mineral that is present in inadequate amounts in breast milk.
5. Infant formula:
a. is a close replication of breast milk
b. contains antibodies
c. is the same as cow’s milk
d. a and b
6. True or false: A two year old needs more fat in its diet than a 4 year old.
7. True or false: All one-year-olds should drink skim milk to achieve a healthy fat intake.
8. The most prevalent mineral deficiency in children is:
a. Zinc
b. Iron
c. Folate
9. Toddlers should ALWAYS/NOT be forced to finish all of the food on their plate.
10. Define the term critical period.
11. _____________________________ is the general name for compounds that cause
birth defects.
12. True or False: The weight of a pregnant mother does not affect the health of her
growing child.
13. Pregnant woman in their 2nd and 3rd trimesters typically need to consume how many
extra calories per day:
a. 0
b. 100
c. 400
d. 1000
14. True or False: Most physicians recommend that pregnant women take supplements.
15. Lactating women should consume MORE/LESS calories per day than needed to
produce breast milk.
16. Deficiencies in the diet of a lactating mother cause a reduction in the
QUANTITY/QUALITY of breast milk.
17. ___________ of an individual’s life expectancy is dependant on their health related
behaviors.
a. 0%
b. 20-30%
c. 40-60%
d. 70-80%
18. Give two reasons why older people are more at risk for B12 deficiency.
19. As we age, our body produces MORE/LESS Vitamin D.
20. True or False: Obese children should immediately be put on a diet to prevent health
risks.
21. Diabetics should:
a. Exercise regularly
b. Avoid vegetables
c. Consume a lot sugar substitutes
22. True or False: Gluten, a common allergen in food, is found only in wheat.
23. True or False: Malnutrition can affect a child’s aggressiveness and other social
behaviors.
24. Anorexia nervosa can increase the risk of developing:
a. osteoporosis
b. heart failure
c. neurological problems
d. diabetes
e. a and b
f. a, b, and c
25. True or False: Healthy weight loss programs should be sustainable for a long period
of time.
26. Dietitians recommend that dieters:
a. consume less than the RDA of carbohydrates
b. eat whole-grains
c. take supplements that help burn fat
d. all of the above
27. Mad Cow disease:
a. may be caused by a prion
b. really does make infected cows act angry
c. can be passed from cow to cow or cow to human through casual contact and
inhaling infected fecal matter
d. a and b
e. all of the above
28. True or False: Prions alter DNA folding.
29. Give two examples of foods that are commonly distributed via the WIC program.
30. True or False: Pasteurized milk is sterile.
31. Contamination of food with pathogens like Salmonella can cause:
a. stomach upset
b. diarrhea
c. death
d. a and b
e. all of the above