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Light - an ___________________ wave (EM wave). It can electromagnetic space travel without a _______________. It can travel through _______ medium matter electric or _______________ and consists of changing ________________ and _____________________ fields. magnetic •A field is a __________ around an object that can exert a _________ region force on another object without actually ______________ the object. touching transverse •Electromagnetic waves are __________________ waves with the perpendicular to each other and to electric and magnetic waves _______________ the direction of the __________ motion. wave vibration Light is produced by the _______________ of an electrically charged particle which electric field is surrounded by an ___________ _________. A vibrating electric field creates a __________ magnetic __________. These fields vibrating together field make an ____ EM wave. Energy released in the form of an EM wave is called _____________. radiation When electrons in an atom absorb ___________, energy they jump to higher energy levels temporarily. When they fall back to a lower energy level, they give off a packet of energy called a ___________. photon When the electrons move back and forth, they give off a _________ stream of photons, making an ____ which carries the energy. EM ___________ wave Light has a __________ duel personality: it can be considered to have properties of both ____________ and _____________. particles waves The speed of light in a vacuum is ______________ or _________ 300,000,000 3 x 108 m/s. The speed of light is equal to the wavelength times the __________. _____________ frequency The ______________ electromagnetic _____________ spectrum is made up of different ____________ wavelengths of light, including _________ _______ radio waves microwaves ___________, X-rays ____________, and __________ visible ___________. light Low energy The human eye can see __________ light, bees visible and other insects can ultraviolet light, see ___________ and pit vipers can see infrared ____________ light. __________ light is the White combination of all the colors of visible light. ______________ rays can Ultraviolet cause ______________. sunburn Microwaves are High energy _______________ used for cooking food. _________ X-rays are used to detect broken bones. Interaction of light waves: 1. Reflection: This occurs when waves ___________ off an object. bounce angle of ____________ incidence The Law of Reflection states that the ___________ __ angle of _____________. reflection is equal to the ___________ ___ __________ Regular ________ reflection occurs on smooth, polished surfaces where the light is reflected at the same angle. ___________ __________ Diffuse reflection occurs on rough surfaces where the light is reflected at all different ______________. angles 2. Absorption and Scattering: Absorption is the _____________ transfer of ___________ carried by light waves to particles of ____________. energy matter Scattering is the _____________ of light energy by particles of release ____________ that have absorbed energy. Why is the sky blue? matter Air particles scatter sunlight, and light with the shortest wavelength _______________________________________________________ (blue light) scatters more, spreading out to fill the sky. _______________________________________________________ 3. Refraction: This is the ____________ bending of a wave as it passes at an ___________ from one ____________ to another. This is because angle medium waves travel at different ____________ through different media. speeds The angle of ________________ incidence is different from the angle of ____________________. When refraction white light passes through a prism, separated the light is ______________ and separated into the various ________. colors 4. Diffraction: This is the ___________ bending of waves around ___________ barriers or through open ______________. Light waves do not diffract as much spaces as water waves and are hard to see. 5. Interference: This occurs when 2 or more waves ______________. overlap A. Constructive interference: The amplitudes of the waves are __________ together, creating brighter areas. added B. Destructive interference: The amplitudes of the waves are ______________, creating dimmer areas or eliminating the subtracted light altogether. This is a picture of interference when light 7 slits. diffracts through ___ This shows the interference pattern from red light passing through ___ 2 slits. When light interacts with matter, it can be _______________, reflected __________________, or __________________, depending on the absorbed transmitted properties of the matter. If the matter is shiny or light colored, most reflected of the light will be ________________. If the matter is dull or dark absorbed colored, the light will be _______________. If the matter is clear, light will be ________________ transmitted (the light will ________ pass _________ through the matter). Materials : 1. Transparent: visible light is easily _____________ through. passes Ex: ___________, _____________, _____________ air glass water 2. Translucent: Transmits light but also ____________ light as it scatters waxed paper passes through. Ex:____________ 3. Opaque: Does not transmit light. Ex: _________, wood _________ metal Colors of objects: We see an object to be a certain color because the light that reaches our ________ is the color that is ____________ eyes reflected absorbed off the object. All the other colors of light are _____________ by the object. ______________ is the absence of all ____________ colors Black being reflected because all of the light that hits a black object is ________________. absorbed If you were out in the hot desert, what color would be best to wear to keep cool? ________________ White Mirrors: They come in 3 types: __________, ____________, and plane concave convex _________. 1. Plane mirrors are flat and create images that are _____________, the same upright __________, size but _______________. reversed 2. Concave mirrors: These are ____________ curved like the inside of a _____________. They can form both ________ and ____________ spoon real virtual images. Reflected light rays cross each other at the _______ _______. focal point If the object is between the mirror and the focal point, the image will virtual be _____________. If the focal point is between the object and the mirror, the image will be ____________. real If the object is at the focal point, there will be ____ no image. Concave virtual image Concave real image Convex virtual image 3. Convex mirrors: These are curved like the outside of a spoon. All images are __________, _____________, and ___________ virtual upright smaller than the original object. A ________ lens is a curved, transparent object that forms an image by ________________ light. refracting 1. Convex Lenses - These are thicker in the middle than at the edges. If the object is less than one _________ __________ away from the focal length virtual larger lens, the image will be ___________ and __________than the object. If the object is more than one focal point away, the image will be __________ and _____________. real inverted These lenses are used in _________ movie projectors and ____________. cameras ____________ 2. Concave Lenses - These are thicker at the edges and thinner in the middle. They produce ___________, ___________ images. smaller virtual Light - an ___________________ wave (EM wave). It can travel without a _______________. It can travel through _______ or _______________ and consists of changing ________________ and _____________________ fields. •A field is a __________ around an object that can exert a _________ on another object without actually ______________ the object. •Electromagnetic waves are __________________ waves with the electric and magnetic waves _______________ to each other and to the direction of the __________ motion. Light is produced by the _______________ of an electrically charged particle which is surrounded by an ___________ _________. A vibrating electric field creates a __________ __________. These fields vibrating together make an ____ wave. Energy released in the form of an EM wave is called _____________. When electrons in an atom absorb ___________, they jump to higher energy levels temporarily. When they fall back to a lower energy level, they give off a packet of energy called a ___________. When the electrons move back and forth, they give off a _________ of photons, making an ____ ___________ which carries the energy. Light has a __________ personality: it can be considered to have properties of both ____________ and _____________. The speed of light in a vacuum is ______________ or _________ m/s. The speed of light is equal to the _____________ times the __________. The ______________ _____________ is made up of different ____________ of light, including _________ _______ ____________, ___________, and __________ ___________. Low energy The human eye can see __________ light, bees and other insects can see ___________ light, and pit vipers can see ____________ light. __________ light is the combination of all the colors of visible light. ______________ rays can cause ______________. High energy _______________ are used for cooking food. _________ are used to detect broken bones. Interaction of light waves: 1. Reflection: This occurs when waves ___________ off an object. The Law of Reflection states that the ___________ __ ____________ is equal to the ___________ ___ _____________. __________ ________ occurs on smooth, polished surfaces where the light is reflected at the same angle. ___________ __________ occurs on rough surfaces where the light is reflected at all different ______________. 2. Absorption and Scattering: Absorption is the _____________ of ___________ carried by light waves to particles of ____________. Scattering is the _____________ of light energy by particles of ____________ that have absorbed energy. Why is the sky blue? . _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 3. Refraction: This is the ____________ of a wave as it passes at an ___________ from one ____________ to another. This is because waves travel at different ____________ through different media. The angle of ________________ is different from the angle of ____________________. When white light passes through a prism, the light is ______________ and separated into the various ________. 4. Diffraction: This is the ___________ of waves around ___________ or through open ______________. Light waves do not diffract as much as water waves and are hard to see. 5. Interference: This occurs when 2 or more waves ______________. A. Constructive interference: The amplitudes of the waves are __________ together, creating brighter areas. B. Destructive interference: The amplitudes of the waves are ______________, creating dimmer areas or eliminating the light altogether. This is a picture of interference when light diffracts through ___ slits. This shows the interference pattern from red light passing through ___ slits. When light interacts with matter, it can be _______________, __________________, or __________________, depending on the properties of the matter. If the matter is shiny or light colored, most of the light will be ________________. If the matter is dull or dark colored, the light will be _______________. If the matter is clear, light will be ________________ (the light will ________ _________ the matter). Materials : 1. Transparent: visible light is easily _____________ through. Ex: ___________, _____________, _____________ 2. Translucent: Transmits light but also ____________ light as it passes through. Ex:____________ 3. Opaque: Does not transmit light. Ex: _________, _________ Colors of objects: We see an object to be a certain color because the light that reaches our ________ is the color that is ____________ off the object. All the other colors of light are _____________ by the object. ______________ is the absence of all ____________ being reflected because all of the light that hits a black object is ________________. If you were out in the hot desert, what color would be best to wear to keep cool? ________________ Mirrors: They come in 3 types: __________, ____________, and _________. 1. Plane mirrors are flat and create images that are _____________, the same __________, but _______________. 2. Concave mirrors: These are ____________ like the inside of a _____________. They can form both ________ and ____________ images. Reflected light rays cross each other at the _______ _______. If the object is between the mirror and the focal point, the image will be _____________. If the focal point is between the object and the mirror, the image will be ____________. If the object is at the focal point, there will be ____ image. Concave virtual image Concave real image Convex virtual image 3. Convex mirrors: These are curved like the outside of a spoon. All images are __________, _____________, and ___________ than the original object. A ________ is a curved, transparent object that forms an image by ________________ light. 1. Convex Lenses - These are thicker in the middle than at the edges. If the object is less than one _________ __________ away from the lens, the image will be ___________ and __________than the object. If the object is more than one focal point away, the image will be __________ and _____________. These lenses are used in _________ ____________ and ____________. 2. Concave Lenses - These are thicker at the edges and thinner in the middle. They produce ___________, ___________ images.