Download Chapter 22 - The Nature of Light

Light - an ___________________
wave (EM wave). It can
electromagnetic
space
travel without a _______________.
It can travel through _______
medium
matter
electric
or _______________
and consists of changing ________________
and _____________________
fields.
magnetic
•A field is a __________
around an object that can exert a _________
region
force
on another object without actually ______________
the object.
touching
transverse
•Electromagnetic waves are __________________
waves with the
perpendicular to each other and to
electric and magnetic waves _______________
the direction of the __________
motion.
wave
vibration
Light is produced by the _______________
of an electrically charged particle which
electric
field
is surrounded by an ___________
_________.
A vibrating electric field creates a __________
magnetic
__________.
These fields vibrating together
field
make an ____
EM wave. Energy released in the
form of an EM wave is called _____________.
radiation
When electrons in an atom absorb ___________,
energy
they jump to
higher energy levels temporarily. When they fall back to a lower
energy level, they give off a packet of energy called a ___________.
photon
When the electrons move back and forth, they give off a _________
stream
of photons, making an ____
which carries the energy.
EM ___________
wave
Light has a __________
duel
personality: it can be considered to have
properties of both ____________
and _____________.
particles
waves
The speed of light in a vacuum is
______________
or _________
300,000,000
3 x 108 m/s.
The speed of light is equal to the
wavelength times the __________.
_____________
frequency
The ______________
electromagnetic _____________
spectrum
is made up of different ____________
wavelengths
of light, including _________
_______
radio
waves
microwaves ___________,
X-rays
____________,
and
__________
visible ___________.
light
Low energy
The human eye can see
__________
light, bees
visible
and other insects can
ultraviolet light,
see ___________
and pit vipers can see
infrared
____________
light.
__________
light is the
White
combination of all the
colors of visible light.
______________
rays can
Ultraviolet
cause ______________.
sunburn
Microwaves are
High energy _______________
used for cooking food.
_________
X-rays are used to
detect broken bones.
Interaction of light waves:
1. Reflection: This occurs when waves ___________
off an object.
bounce
angle
of ____________
incidence
The Law of Reflection states that the ___________
__
angle
of _____________.
reflection
is equal to the ___________
___
__________
Regular
________
reflection occurs on
smooth, polished surfaces where
the light is reflected at the same
angle. ___________
__________
Diffuse
reflection
occurs on rough surfaces where
the light is reflected at all
different ______________.
angles
2. Absorption and Scattering: Absorption is the _____________
transfer
of
___________
carried by light waves to particles of ____________.
energy
matter
Scattering is the _____________
of light energy by particles of
release
____________
that have absorbed energy. Why is the sky blue?
matter
Air particles scatter sunlight, and light with the shortest wavelength
_______________________________________________________
(blue light) scatters more, spreading out to fill the sky.
_______________________________________________________
3. Refraction: This is the ____________
bending
of a wave as it passes at an
___________
from one ____________
to another. This is because
angle
medium
waves travel at different ____________
through different media.
speeds
The angle of ________________
incidence
is
different from the angle of
____________________.
When
refraction
white light passes through a prism,
separated
the light is ______________
and
separated into the various ________.
colors
4. Diffraction: This is the ___________
bending
of waves around ___________
barriers
or through open ______________.
Light waves do not diffract as much
spaces
as water waves and are hard to see.
5. Interference: This occurs when 2 or more waves ______________.
overlap
A. Constructive interference: The amplitudes of the waves
are __________
together, creating brighter areas.
added
B. Destructive interference: The amplitudes of the waves are
______________,
creating dimmer areas or eliminating the
subtracted
light altogether.
This is a picture of
interference when light
7 slits.
diffracts through ___
This shows the interference pattern from red
light passing through
___
2 slits.
When light interacts with matter, it can be _______________,
reflected
__________________,
or __________________,
depending on the
absorbed
transmitted
properties of the matter. If the matter is shiny or light colored, most
reflected
of the light will be ________________.
If the matter is dull or dark
absorbed
colored, the light will be _______________.
If the matter is clear,
light will be ________________
transmitted
(the light will ________
pass
_________
through
the matter).
Materials :
1. Transparent: visible light is easily _____________
through.
passes
Ex: ___________,
_____________,
_____________
air
glass
water
2. Translucent: Transmits light but also ____________
light as it
scatters
waxed paper
passes through. Ex:____________
3. Opaque: Does not transmit light. Ex: _________,
wood
_________
metal
Colors of objects: We see an object to be a certain color because
the light that reaches our ________
is the color that is ____________
eyes
reflected
absorbed
off the object. All the other colors of light are _____________
by
the object. ______________
is the absence of all ____________
colors
Black
being reflected because all of the light that hits a black object is
________________.
absorbed
If you were out in the hot desert, what color
would be best to wear to keep cool? ________________
White
Mirrors: They come in 3 types:
__________,
____________,
and
plane
concave
convex
_________.
1. Plane mirrors are flat and create images
that are _____________,
the same
upright
__________,
size
but _______________.
reversed
2. Concave mirrors: These are ____________
curved
like the inside of a
_____________.
They can form both ________
and ____________
spoon
real
virtual
images. Reflected light rays cross each other at the _______
_______.
focal
point
If the object is between the mirror and the focal point, the image will
virtual
be _____________.
If the focal point is between the object and the
mirror, the image will be ____________.
real
If the object is at the focal
point, there will be ____
no image.
Concave virtual image
Concave real image
Convex virtual image
3. Convex mirrors: These are curved like the outside of a spoon. All
images are __________,
_____________,
and ___________
virtual
upright
smaller
than the original object.
A ________
lens
is a curved, transparent object that forms an image by
________________
light.
refracting
1. Convex Lenses - These are thicker in the middle than at the edges.
If the object is less than one _________
__________
away from the
focal
length
virtual
larger
lens, the image will be ___________
and __________than
the object.
If the object is more than one
focal point away, the image will be
__________
and _____________.
real
inverted
These lenses are used in _________
movie
projectors and ____________.
cameras
____________
2. Concave Lenses - These are thicker at the edges and thinner in
the middle. They produce ___________,
___________
images.
smaller
virtual
Light - an ___________________ wave (EM wave). It can
travel without a _______________. It can travel through _______
or _______________ and consists of changing ________________
and _____________________ fields.
•A field is a __________ around an object that can exert a _________
on another object without actually ______________ the object.
•Electromagnetic waves are __________________ waves with the
electric and magnetic waves _______________ to each other and to
the direction of the __________ motion.
Light is produced by the _______________
of an electrically charged particle which
is surrounded by an ___________ _________.
A vibrating electric field creates a __________
__________. These fields vibrating together
make an ____ wave. Energy released in the
form of an EM wave is called _____________.
When electrons in an atom absorb ___________, they jump to
higher energy levels temporarily. When they fall back to a lower
energy level, they give off a packet of energy called a ___________.
When the electrons move back and forth, they give off a _________
of photons, making an ____ ___________ which carries the energy.
Light has a __________ personality: it can be considered to have
properties of both ____________ and _____________.
The speed of light in a vacuum is
______________ or _________ m/s.
The speed of light is equal to the
_____________ times the __________.
The ______________ _____________
is made up of different ____________
of light, including _________ _______
____________, ___________, and
__________ ___________.
Low energy
The human eye can see
__________ light, bees
and other insects can
see ___________ light,
and pit vipers can see
____________ light.
__________ light is the
combination of all the
colors of visible light.
______________ rays can
cause ______________.
High energy _______________ are
used for cooking food.
_________ are used to
detect broken bones.
Interaction of light waves:
1. Reflection: This occurs when waves ___________ off an object.
The Law of Reflection states that the ___________ __ ____________
is equal to the ___________ ___ _____________.
__________ ________ occurs on
smooth, polished surfaces where
the light is reflected at the same
angle. ___________ __________
occurs on rough surfaces where
the light is reflected at all
different ______________.
2. Absorption and Scattering: Absorption is the _____________ of
___________ carried by light waves to particles of ____________.
Scattering is the _____________ of light energy by particles of
____________ that have absorbed energy. Why is the sky blue?
.
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
3. Refraction: This is the ____________ of a wave as it passes at an
___________ from one ____________ to another. This is because
waves travel at different ____________ through different media.
The angle of ________________ is
different from the angle of
____________________. When
white light passes through a prism,
the light is ______________ and
separated into the various ________.
4. Diffraction: This is the ___________ of waves around ___________
or through open ______________. Light waves do not diffract as much
as water waves and are hard to see.
5. Interference: This occurs when 2 or more waves ______________.
A. Constructive interference: The amplitudes of the waves
are __________ together, creating brighter areas.
B. Destructive interference: The amplitudes of the waves are
______________, creating dimmer areas or eliminating the
light altogether.
This is a picture of
interference when light
diffracts through ___ slits.
This shows the interference pattern from red
light passing through
___ slits.
When light interacts with matter, it can be _______________,
__________________, or __________________, depending on the
properties of the matter. If the matter is shiny or light colored, most
of the light will be ________________. If the matter is dull or dark
colored, the light will be _______________. If the matter is clear,
light will be ________________ (the light will ________ _________
the matter).
Materials :
1. Transparent: visible light is easily _____________ through.
Ex: ___________, _____________, _____________
2. Translucent: Transmits light but also ____________ light as it
passes through. Ex:____________
3. Opaque: Does not transmit light. Ex: _________, _________
Colors of objects: We see an object to be a certain color because
the light that reaches our ________ is the color that is ____________
off the object. All the other colors of light are _____________ by
the object. ______________ is the absence of all ____________
being reflected because all of the light that hits a black object is
________________. If you were out in the hot desert, what color
would be best to wear to keep cool? ________________
Mirrors: They come in 3 types:
__________, ____________, and
_________.
1. Plane mirrors are flat and create images
that are _____________, the same
__________, but _______________.
2. Concave mirrors: These are ____________ like the inside of a
_____________. They can form both ________ and ____________
images. Reflected light rays cross each other at the _______ _______.
If the object is between the mirror and the focal point, the image will
be _____________. If the focal point is between the object and the
mirror, the image will be ____________. If the object is at the focal
point, there will be ____ image.
Concave virtual image
Concave real image
Convex virtual image
3. Convex mirrors: These are curved like the outside of a spoon. All
images are __________, _____________, and ___________
than the original object.
A ________ is a curved, transparent object that forms an image by
________________ light.
1. Convex Lenses - These are thicker in the middle than at the edges.
If the object is less than one _________ __________ away from the
lens, the image will be ___________ and __________than the object.
If the object is more than one
focal point away, the image will be
__________ and _____________.
These lenses are used in _________
____________ and ____________.
2. Concave Lenses - These are thicker at the edges and thinner in
the middle. They produce ___________, ___________ images.