Download Attraction of Place

The Attraction of Place
Attraction of Place
Learning objectives
• Discuss the importance of attractions
• Explain the four different themes of
geography
• Describe the criteria in regionalization of
the world
• List the important role of the International
Air Transportation Association (IATA) in
regionalizing world tourism
Attraction of Place
• People have always traveled
• Led human beings to explore new
environments, seek new places, discover
the unknown, search for different and
strange places and enjoy other
experiences
Attraction of place
• Recent phenomenon
• Since WWII, international tourism
developed over time
• Early tourism meant only for the rich and
the brave
• Tourism brought many cultures together
Attraction of place
• Improvements in transportation
encouraged more travels from all round
the world
• Budget airlines also play a significant role
in SE Asia in increasing travelling
opportunities for many current and would
be travellers
Attraction of place
• Well-developed links between tourism and
geography creating an uniqueness of a
place
• Thus, creating an attractiveness to a place
Attraction of place
• Geography is the study of the earth as the
home of humans
• Combination of factors that makes each
individual place on the face of the earth
somehow unique
• Attempt to gain an understanding of what
makes each place unique
Attraction of place
• Uniqueness results from the combination
of the natural (or physical) setting of
climate, landforms, and resources
• Cultural phenomena e.g. buildings,
economy, dress styles, religion and
political or other cultural features
Attraction of place
• Process of tourism itself also contributes
to the uniqueness of place
• Changes in economy, political
organizations, culture, population and the
physical environment alter the texture and
fabric of the place
Attraction of place
Geography and tourism are closely
interrelated in two ways :• Uniqueness of place creates an attraction
• Tourism is an agent of change, becoming
an element in the uniqueness of place and
an important variable in geographic
studies
Elements of geography
Fundamental aspect of geography that
directly affects tourism:• a) is the need for measuring and
• b) indicating exact locations on the earth
Elements of geography
• Grid of lines on a map represents the
fundamental tool for describing location
• Parallel lines extending east and west
measure latitude north and south of the
equator
Elements of geography
• North of the equator - northern
hemisphere designated as north latitude
• South of the equator – southern
hemisphere designated as south latitude
Elements of geography
• Parallel latitudes intersected by lines,
called meridians extending north and
south
• Meridian measure longitude
• Longitude measure of a point eastward or
westward with respect to the prime
meridian of Greenwich
Elements of geography
• Circular earth – 360 degrees of longitude
• World divided into two hemispheres a)
northern-southern b) eastern-western
Time
• Meridian separates east and west making
the change in time from one day to
another because of the rotation of the
earth
• Meridian marking the change of date at
180 degrees is called the international
date line
Themes of geography
Four principal themes :1) Location :- geographic, absolute,
relative
2) Place and space :- physical
characteristics, climate, vegetation,
landforms
Themes of geography
3)
4)
Human and cultural characteristics :language, food and clothing, political
systems and religion, architectural
styles
Movement
Region
Location : The where of
Geography
1) Absolute Location
• (Where is it?) Also referred to as Site
• Location of places on earth is of special
concern to geographers
• Contributes to the uniqueness of place
Location : The where of
geography
2) Relative Location
• (Also referred to as situation)
• Examines the location of places with
respect to other places to understand
interdependence at local, regional,
national and global scales
Location : The where of
geography
• Countries that have a poor relative
location from the rest of the world are apt
to have a lower standard of living
• Locations isolated by mountains, deserts
or cultural phenomena such as language
• Countries include Chad, Rawanda,
Nigeria, Somalia
Location : The where of
geography
3) Geographic Location
•
Combination of absolute location and
relative location
Location : The where of
geography
• Site (absolute location) – description of the
internal characteristics of a place
• Situation (relative location) – looks at the
external relationship of a place
Location : The where of
geography
• Development of tourism depends on its
site and its situation
• Number of visitors depend on the
perception by the potential tourists of other
places
Place and space : The why of
geography
•
Physical environment in each place
affects the ability of humans to live there
and influences travel to each place
Physical Characteristics of Place
Three elements of the physical
character of place important for tourism
are the following:1) Climate
2) Vegetation
3) Landforms
Physical Characteristics of Place
1)
Climate
affects the sense of place that
characteristics each individual place,
regardless of scale
Place and space :- The why of
geography
a) The world’s climate
Interaction of the climate variables e.g.
clouds, rain, wind, precipitation,
temperature
i) Tropical climates :- humid climates that
no winter season
ii) Dry climates :- desert
Place and space :- The why of
geography
iii) Polar Climates :- subarctic and ice cap
climates
Place and space :- The why of
geography
2) Vegetation
•
Patterns of vegetation broadly correlate
with the patterns of climate e.g. tropical
forests, deciduous forest (chestnut, oak)
Landforms: The Character of the
Earth
3) Landforms
surface features of a specific place
•
Daily activities of the human residents
and visitors to that place
Landforms: The Character of the
Earth
1) Environment and Tourism
• Rapidly growing types of travel is known
as ecotourism
• Number of ways, including “travel that
aims to preserve the natural world”
Landforms: The Character of the
Earth
2) Human and cultural characteristics of
place
• Differences among the people
• Unique cultural and human
characteristics
• Known as cultural geography of a place
Landforms: The Character of the
Earth
3) Language
• Ideas and concepts are transmitted within
or between groups
• Preserving a way of life from one
generation to another
Landforms: The Character of the
Earth
Importance of languages for tourism:• Develop travel patterns visiting countries
where people speak their language
• Deterrent to tourists, discourage them
from visiting a particular destination
Place and space :- The why of
geography
4) Food and clothing
• Cultural differences between places that
affect tourism
• Strong feelings towards food e.g. Muslim –
Halal food and no pork
Place and space :- The why of
geography
5) Political Systems and Religion
• Institutionalize the way of life of a group
• Provide order to a place
• Directly affect tourists e.g. currency,
entertainment activities, food and dress
code.
Place and space :- The why of
geography
6) Architectural Styles
• Methods of construction and styles of
buildings
• Reflect characteristic of the various places
e.g. Great Wall of China, Singapore’s
Chinatown, Epcot Center in Florida etc.
Movement within places
• Spread unevenly across the face of the
earth
• Led to communication, products,
information and ideas that are only
available outside their respective
environments
• Increasing interaction led to Global
Interdependence
Movement within places
• Uniqueness of place increases
opportunities for various races and
nationalities to interact
Movement within places
3 terms are important in understanding the
Interaction between places:1) Complementarity
2) Intervening opportunity
3) Transferability
Movement within places
1) Complementarity
• Complementary relationship between two
places
• Generates interaction in the form of
tourism
Movement within places
2) Intervening opportunity
• Substitution of one place for another e.g.
growth of a suburban mall leads suburban
residents to shop at it instead of going
downtown
Movement within places
3) Transferability
• Also known as accessibility, ease with
which a person can go from one place to
another
Barrier to Travel: Tourist Safety
• Avoid a destination because of concern
over their safety
• Lack of safety has serious impact on
visitors and potential visitors e.g. Bali,
Jordan and London bombings, 911
terrorist attack
• Governments establish measures to
protect visitors e.g. increased police’s
presence with uniform and plainclothes
etc.
Regions : Organizing the
geography of tourism
• Basis of cultural features e.g. language,
culture and environment
• Events that occur in the world are located
in regions
Regions : Organizing the
geography of tourism
Regions led to :
• Distribution of wealth
• Economic development
• International Air Transportation
Association (IATA)
Summary
• Students will understand the different
elements and themes of geography
• Each theme of geography will be
explained in details and how each
contributes to the success of tourism
• The role of the International Air
Transportation Association (IATA) in
regionalizing world tourism