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ECUMENE & POPULATION
DISTRIBUTION
Settlement
• Permanent settlements began to form with the
intro. of agriculture (10,000 years ago)
• Settlements associated with specific economic
activities
1st - food for subsistence
2nd - distribute surpluses of food
3rd - trade and industrial centres
- 2008 - 50% of the world’s population is
considered urban
Settlement
Settlement
ECUMENE
• a term used by geographers to mean inhabited land.
• It generally refers to land where people have made their
permanent homes, & to all work areas that are
considered occupied & used for agricultural/other
economic purposes.
•  there can be various types of ecumenes, each having
their own unique characteristics (population ecumene,
agricultural ecumene, industrial ecumene, etc.).
ECUMENE
• The world’s population (6.7 billion) is not distributed evenly
across the earth's surface
• Populations have a tendency to cluster or clump into
specific areas
• There are 4 major population centers where approximately
60% (4.2 billion) of world's population is located.
1. South Asia
South Asia - This
encompasses
the countries of
India, Pakistan,
and Bangladesh
(1.445 billion).
2. East Asia
East Asia - This encompasses the countries
of China, Japan, Taiwan, and the North and
South Korea (1.444 billion).
3. Europe
Europe - This includes all the countries west of
the Ural Mountains (physical boundary which
separates Europe from Asia) In Europe, most of
the population is further concentrated, with most
of the population clustered in the Western
European nations (United Kingdom, France,
Germany, Italy, Belgium, and the Netherlands).
3. Europe
4. North East North America
This area incorporates the NE portion of the
U.S. & the southern portion of Eastern Canada,
which borders the United States. This area
encompasses such major cities as Boston, NY,
Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington,
Pittsburgh, Buffalo, Cleveland, Columbus,
Cincinnati, Detroit, Indianapolis, Chicago,
Toronto, Montreal, & Quebec City.
4. North East North America
Factors that influence where people live
1. Climate - Most People choose to live in temperate (not too
cold/not too hot) climate zones
Factors that influence where people live
Factors that influence where people live
2. Most of the world’s population located on plain (flat)
landform areas
Factors that influence where people live
Factors that influence where people live
3. Water - major population centres are near major bodies of
water, such as oceans, rivers and Lakes
Factors that influence where people live
Factors that influence where people live
4. Farmland - Historically, cities could only grow in regions
that could support the urban population (close to the a
food source - farms). Farms could only survive in regions
with good soils and warm enough climate.
Factors that influence where people live
Factors that influence where people live
World Urbanization Patterns
In 1800 only 3% (30 million) of the world’s (1 billion)
population lived in urban areas – 1 city with a
population over 1 million
Top 10 cities in the world - 1800
City
Population
1
Beijing, China
1,100,000
2
London, UK
861,000
3
Guangzhou, China
800,000
4
Tokyo (Edo) Japan
685,000
5
Istanbul
(Constantinople)
Turkey
570,000
6
Paris, France
547,000
7
Naples, Italy
430,000
8
Hangzhou, China
387,000
9
Osaka, Japan
383,000
10
Kyoto, Japan
377,000
Top 10 cities in the world - 1800
World Urbanization Patterns
1900 – almost 14% (238 million) of the world was
urbanized (world’s population – 1.7 billion) – 12
cities with population over 1 million
Top 10 cities in the world - 1900
City
Population
1
London, UK
6,480,000
2
New York, USA
4,242,000
3
Paris, France
3,330,000
4
Berlin, Germany
2,707,000
5
Chicago, USA
1,717,000
6
Vienna, Austria
1,698,000
7
Tokyo, Japan
1,497,000
8
St. Petersburg,
Russia
1,439,000
9
Manchester, UK
1,435,000
10
Philadelphia, USA
1,418,000
Top 10 cities in the world - 1900
World Urbanization Patterns
1950 – 30% (766,955,141) of the world
2,556,517,137 people lived in urban areas – 83
cities with a population over 1 million
Top 10 cities in the world - 1950
City
Population
1
New York, USA
12,463,000
2
London, UK
8,860,000
3
Tokyo, Japan
7,000,000
4
Paris, France
5,900,000
5
Shanghai, China
5,406,000
6
Moscow, Russia
5,100,000
7
Buenos Aires,
Argentina
5,000,000
8
Chicago, USA
4,906,000
9
Ruhr, Germany
4,900,000
10
Calcutta, India
4,800,000
Top 10 cities in the world - 1950
World Urbanization Patterns
2008 – 3.3 billion people (50%) lived in urban areas
(world’s population - 6.7 billion) – ~450 cities with
population over 1 million
Top 10 cities in the world - 2010
City
Population
1
Seoul, South Korea
10,231,000
2
Sao, Paulo, Buenos Aries
10,009,000
3
Mumbai, India
9,925,000
4
Jakarta, Indonesia
9,373,000
5
Karachi, Pakistan
9,339,000
6
Moscow, Russia
8,297,000
7
Istanbul, Turket
8,260,000
8
Mexico City, Mexico
8,235,000
9
Shanghai, China
8,214,000
10
Tokyo, Japan
4,800,000
Top 10 cities in the world - 2010
Top 10 cities in the world - 2020
City
Population
1
Karachi, Pakistan
15,500,000
2
Shanghai, China
14,900,000
3
Mumbai, India
13,900,000
4
Beijing, China
12,460,000
5
Delhi, India
12,100,000
6
Buenos Aries, Argentina
11,655,000
7
Manila, Philippines
11,550,000
8
Seoul, South Korea
11,153,000
9
Sao Paulo, Brazil
11.038,000
10
Moscow, Russia
10,524,000
Top 10 cities in the world - 2020
World Urbanization Patterns
Urban areas 1950- 2050
Of all urbanized areas 76% are found in developed
countries & 24% are found in undeveloped
countries
World Urbanization Patterns
Virtually all population growth expected between
2000-2030 will be concentrated in the urban
areas of the world
During the 30 year period, urban population is
expected to increase by 2 billion persons, the
same number that will be added to the whole
population of the world
World Urbanization Patterns
Today there are 3.3 billion people living in urban areas and
this number is expected to increase to 4.9 billion by
2030
World population is 6.1 billion and is expected to increase
to 8.1 billion by the year 2030
Between 2000-2030 the world’s urban population will grow
at an average annual rate of 1.8% (almost double the
rate expected for total population growth in the world,
1%)
This rate will see the world’s urban population double in 38
years
Urbanization