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Population What is Population? The collection of people living in a given geographic area, or space, usually measured by a census Demography The study of human populations Various aspects of human behavior in populations are studied in Sociology, Economics, and Geography The study of populations is almost always governed by the laws of probability www.census.gov/main/www/popclock.html World and Population Statistics Current World Population: 7.2 Billion United States Census Bureau http://www.census.gov/popclock/ World Vital Events Per Time Unit: 2006 Births Year 132,434,587 55,220,152 77,214,435 Month 11,036,216 4,601,679 6,434,536 Day 362,834 151,288 211,546 Hour 15,118 6,304 8,814 Minute 252 105 147 Second 4.2 1.8 2.4 Deaths Natural Increase Worldwide Population Growth Earth’s population hit 1 Billion in the early 1800’s As the world industrialized, people grew more and better food Also, people improved their sanitation methods This combination enabled the population to boom World Population Growth, in Billions Number of years to add each billion (year) First Billion All of Human History Second Third Fourth Fifth (1800) 130 (1930) 30 (1960) 15 (1975) 12 (1987) 12 (1999) Sixth 14 (2013) Seventh Eighth 14 (2027) 21 (2048) Ninth Sources: First and second billion: Population Reference Bureau. Third through ninth billion: United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision (medium scenario), 2005. World Population Growth Through Billions History 12 11 2100 10 9 Old Stone 7 Age 8 New Stone Age Bronze Age Iron Age 6 Modern Age Middle Ages 2000 Future 5 4 1975 3 1950 2 1 Black Death —The Plague 1900 1800 1+ million 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. years B.C. B.C. B.C. B.C. B.C. B.C. B.C. 1 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 Source: Population Reference Bureau; and United Nations, World Population Projections to 2100 (1998). Projected Population Change, by Country Percent Population Change, 2005-2050 Source: Population Reference Bureau, 2005 World Population Data Sheet. Global Population Growth: A Developing-Country Phenomenon World population, 1950-2050 (projected) Source: United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision (2005). Birth Rates Birthrate- the number of live births per 1,000 population In 2000, the highest birthrate in the world was more than 54/1000 in Niger Lowest = 8/1000 in Latvia World Average = 22/1000 Birth and Death Rates, Worldwide Rates of birth, death, and natural increase per 1,000 population 40 35 30 25 20 Natural Increase 15 10 5 0 1950- 1955- 1960- 1965- 1970- 1975- 1980- 1985- 1990- 1995- 20001955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 Birth rate Death rate Source: United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision, 2005. Fertility Rate Shows the average number of children a woman of childbearing years would have in her lifetime A fertility rate of 2.1 is necessary just to replace current population Today, the worldwide average fertility rate is about 2.59 Fertility Rates What do you think the average number of babies each woman has in the world? US? What do you think the highest average is? Where? CIA - The World Factbook - Guide to Country Profiles 10 Places With the Lowest Total Fertility Worldwide Average number of children per woman, 2000-2005 China, Macao Special Administrative Region China, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Ukraine Czech Republic Slovakia 0.84 0.94 1.12 1.17 1.20 Slovenia 1.22 Republic of Korea 1.23 Republic of Moldova 1.23 Bulgaria 1.24 Belarus 1.24 Source: United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision, 2005. Questions to Consider Why is the world’s population increasing but the growth rate is decreasing? Why is the world’s population growing so quickly? What problems/implications does this growth bring about? Mortality Rate Also called the death rate Number of deaths per 1,000 people Generally, a society is considered healthy if it has a low mortality rate However, some healthy nations have higher mortality rates because they have large numbers of elderly people Birth and Death Rates, Worldwide Rates of birth, death, and natural increase per 1,000 population 40 35 30 25 20 Natural Increase 15 10 5 0 1950- 1955- 1960- 1965- 1970- 1975- 1980- 1985- 1990- 1995- 20001955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 Birth rate Death rate Source: United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision, 2005. Life Expectancy How long a person is expected to live Which countries do you think have the highest and lowest life expectancy at birth? GeoHive List actual Trends in Life Expectancy, by Region Life Expectancy at Birth, in Years 82 80 77 76 72 65 67 75 65 49 Africa Asia Latin America and the Caribbean 2000-2005 More Developed Regions 2045-2050 Source: United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision (medium scenario), 2005. World Infant Mortality Rate Geographers also look at infant mortality rates Infant Mortality Rate Shows the number of deaths among infants under age 1 per 1,000 live births In the 1800’s, the worldwide I.M.R. was 300/1,000 Human Population Growth Rate Population Pyramid Another way to analyze populations is to use a population pyramid PP = a graphic device that shows sex & age distribution of a population Allows geographers to examine how events in society, such as wars, famine, or epidemics, affect the population of a country or region Age Distribution of the World’s Population Population Structures by Age and Sex, 2005 Millions Less Developed Regions More Developed Regions Age Male 300 200 100 Female 0 100 200 300 80+ 75-79 70-74 65-69 60-64 55-59 50-54 45-49 40-44 35-39 30-34 25-29 20-24 15-19 10-14 5-9 0-4 Male 300 100 Source: United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision, 2005. Female 100 300 Population Density The average number of people who live in a measurable area, such as a square mile The number is reached by dividing the number of inhabitants in an area by the total amount of land they occupy Geographers use this to understand how heavily populated an area is Which countries do you think are the most densely populated? GeoHive List actual Population Density This number can be misleading for an entire nation Why? Example: U.S. P.D. 1990 Alaska= huge land area, small population 1 person per square mile New Jersey= small land area, large population 1,098 people per square mile Total U.S. Population Density = 70.3 people per square mile Land Area Write what you think the five largest countries(land area) are. GeoHive List actual Population Distribution Of the billions of people in the world, most are not distributed equally across the earth Some lands are not suitable for human habitation Examples? Almost 90% of the world’s population lives in the Northern Hemisphere N.H.- ½ of the planet’s surface, which is north of the equator Population Distribution 1 in 4 people in the world live in East Asia, and 1 in 2 people live in either East Asia or South Asia Factors: Climate Altitude Access to water Urban-Rural Mix Currently, more than ½ of the world’s population lives in rural areas However, this number is changing rapidly More and more people are migrating to cities Particularly, cities with populations of more than one million people Trends in Urbanization, by Region Urban Population 85 Percent 82 76 74 61 55 54 53 47 42 37 37 29 17 15 World Africa Asia 1950 2000 Latin America and the Caribbean More Developed Regions 2030 Source: United Nations, World Urbanization Prospects: The 2003 Revision (medium scenario), 2004. World Population by Country List what you think the top ten populated countries in the world are currently. GeoHive GeoHive List actual Population Density (people/ km²) Rank Country — World 7,230,000,000 43 1 China 1,361,000,000 136 2 India 1,251,000,000 328 3 United States 320,000,000 30 4 Indonesia 256,000,000 126 5 Brazil 204,000,000 21 6 Pakistan 199,000,000 202 7 Nigeria 181,000,000 139 8 Bangladesh 169,000,000 1,002 9 Russia 142,000,000 8 10 Japan 127,000,000 337 Largest Metropolitan Areas List what you think the 10 largest metropolitan areas are in world. GeoHive List Actual GeoHive --2015 Projected GeoHive --1950-2015 Met. Areas Megacities In 1950, New York City was the only World City with more than 10 million residents Today, 26 giant cities are home to a total of more than 250 million people The largest of these is Tokyo 37.6 million inhabitants These huge cities struggle with overcrowded conditions and immense demand for water & sanitation Tokyo Mexico City Seoul, South Korea Shanghai, China Migration The large-scale migration of people from one location to another also alters the distribution of population Reasons for migrating are referred to as: PushPull Factors Immigration Immigration- the movement of people from one nation-state to another Immigration implies long-term permanent residence by the immigrants Tourists are not considered immigrants All of our ancestors immigrated to America from a foreign country Push Factors Push Factors- those that cause people to leave their homeland & migrate or immigrate to another region or country Drought Natural Disasters Political – war, persecution Religious Reasons Economic Opportunity Irish Potato Famine (1845-1849) Natural Disasters Hurricane Katrina Migration Religious Persecution Pull Factors Pull factors draw or attract people to another location