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Population
What is Population?
 The collection of people living in a given
geographic area, or space, usually measured by
a census
 Demography
 The study of human populations
 Various aspects of human behavior in
populations are studied in Sociology,
Economics, and Geography
 The study of populations is almost always
governed by the laws of probability

www.census.gov/main/www/popclock.html
World and Population
Statistics
Current World Population: 7.2 Billion
United States Census Bureau
http://www.census.gov/popclock/
World Vital Events Per Time
Unit: 2006

Births
 Year
132,434,587
55,220,152
77,214,435
 Month
11,036,216
4,601,679
6,434,536
 Day
362,834
151,288
211,546
 Hour
15,118
6,304
8,814
 Minute
252
105
147
 Second 4.2
1.8
2.4
Deaths
Natural Increase
Worldwide Population Growth
 Earth’s population hit 1 Billion in the early
1800’s
 As the world industrialized, people grew
more and better food
 Also, people improved their sanitation
methods
 This combination enabled the population
to boom
World Population Growth, in Billions
Number of years to add each billion (year)
First Billion
All of Human History
Second
Third
Fourth
Fifth
(1800)
130 (1930)
30 (1960)
15 (1975)
12 (1987)
12 (1999)
Sixth
14 (2013)
Seventh
Eighth
14 (2027)
21 (2048)
Ninth
Sources: First and second billion: Population Reference Bureau. Third through ninth billion: United Nations, World
Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision (medium scenario), 2005.
World Population Growth Through
Billions
History
12
11
2100
10
9
Old
Stone
7 Age
8
New Stone Age
Bronze
Age
Iron
Age
6
Modern
Age
Middle
Ages
2000
Future
5
4
1975
3
1950
2
1
Black Death —The Plague
1900
1800
1+ million 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D.
years B.C. B.C. B.C. B.C. B.C. B.C. B.C. 1 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Source: Population Reference Bureau; and United Nations, World Population Projections to 2100 (1998).
Projected Population Change, by Country
Percent Population Change, 2005-2050
Source: Population Reference Bureau, 2005 World Population Data Sheet.
Global Population Growth:
A Developing-Country Phenomenon
World population, 1950-2050 (projected)
Source: United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision (2005).
Birth Rates
 Birthrate- the number of
live births per 1,000
population
 In 2000, the highest
birthrate in the world was
more than 54/1000 in
Niger
 Lowest = 8/1000 in Latvia
 World Average = 22/1000
Birth and Death Rates, Worldwide
Rates of birth, death, and natural increase per 1,000 population
40
35
30
25
20
Natural Increase
15
10
5
0
1950- 1955- 1960- 1965- 1970- 1975- 1980- 1985- 1990- 1995- 20001955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Birth rate
Death rate
Source: United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision, 2005.
Fertility Rate
 Shows the average number of children a
woman of childbearing years would have
in her lifetime
 A fertility rate of 2.1 is necessary just to
replace current population
 Today, the worldwide average fertility rate
is about 2.59
Fertility Rates
 What do you think the average number of
babies each woman has in the world? US?
 What do you think the highest average is?
Where?
 CIA - The World Factbook - Guide to
Country Profiles
10 Places With the Lowest Total Fertility
Worldwide
Average number of children per woman, 2000-2005
China, Macao Special Administrative Region
China, Hong Kong Special Administrative
Region
Ukraine
Czech Republic
Slovakia
0.84
0.94
1.12
1.17
1.20
Slovenia
1.22
Republic of Korea
1.23
Republic of Moldova
1.23
Bulgaria
1.24
Belarus
1.24
Source: United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision, 2005.
Questions to Consider
 Why is the world’s population increasing
but the growth rate is decreasing?
 Why is the world’s population growing so
quickly?
 What problems/implications does this
growth bring about?
Mortality Rate
 Also called the death rate
 Number of deaths per
1,000 people
 Generally, a society is
considered healthy if it
has a low mortality rate
 However, some healthy
nations have higher
mortality rates because
they have large numbers
of elderly people
Birth and Death Rates, Worldwide
Rates of birth, death, and natural increase per 1,000 population
40
35
30
25
20
Natural Increase
15
10
5
0
1950- 1955- 1960- 1965- 1970- 1975- 1980- 1985- 1990- 1995- 20001955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Birth rate
Death rate
Source: United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision, 2005.
Life Expectancy
 How long a person is expected to live
 Which countries do you think have the
highest and lowest life expectancy at
birth?
 GeoHive
 List actual
Trends in Life Expectancy, by Region
Life Expectancy at Birth, in Years
82
80
77
76
72
65
67
75
65
49
Africa
Asia
Latin America
and the
Caribbean
2000-2005
More Developed
Regions
2045-2050
Source: United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision (medium scenario), 2005.
World
Infant Mortality Rate
 Geographers also look at infant mortality
rates
 Infant Mortality Rate
 Shows the number of deaths among infants
under age 1 per 1,000 live births
 In the 1800’s, the worldwide I.M.R. was
300/1,000
Human Population Growth Rate
Population Pyramid
 Another way to analyze populations is to use a
population pyramid
 PP = a graphic device that shows sex & age
distribution of a population
 Allows geographers to examine how events in
society, such as wars, famine, or epidemics, affect
the population of a country or region
Age Distribution of the World’s Population
Population Structures by Age and Sex, 2005
Millions
Less Developed
Regions
More Developed
Regions
Age
Male
300 200 100
Female
0
100 200 300
80+
75-79
70-74
65-69
60-64
55-59
50-54
45-49
40-44
35-39
30-34
25-29
20-24
15-19
10-14
5-9
0-4
Male
300
100
Source: United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision, 2005.
Female
100
300
Population Density
 The average number of people who live in





a measurable area, such as a square mile
The number is reached by dividing the
number of inhabitants in an area by the
total amount of land they occupy
Geographers use this to understand how
heavily populated an area is
Which countries do you think are the most
densely populated?
GeoHive
List actual
Population Density
 This number can be misleading for an entire
nation
 Why?
 Example: U.S. P.D.  1990
 Alaska= huge land area, small population
 1 person per square mile
 New Jersey= small land area, large population
 1,098 people per square mile
 Total U.S. Population Density = 70.3 people
per square mile
Land Area
 Write what you think the five largest
countries(land area) are.
 GeoHive
 List actual
Population Distribution
 Of the billions of people in the world, most
are not distributed equally across the earth
 Some lands are not suitable for human
habitation
 Examples?
 Almost 90% of the world’s population lives
in the Northern Hemisphere
 N.H.- ½ of the planet’s surface, which is north
of the equator
Population Distribution
 1 in 4 people in the world
live in East Asia, and 1 in
2 people live in either
East Asia or South Asia
 Factors:
 Climate
 Altitude
 Access to water
Urban-Rural Mix
 Currently, more than ½ of the world’s
population lives in rural areas
 However, this number is changing rapidly
 More and more people are migrating to
cities
 Particularly, cities with populations of more
than one million people
Trends in Urbanization, by Region
Urban Population
85
Percent
82
76
74
61
55
54
53
47
42
37
37
29
17
15
World
Africa
Asia
1950
2000
Latin America
and the
Caribbean
More
Developed
Regions
2030
Source: United Nations, World Urbanization Prospects: The 2003 Revision (medium scenario), 2004.
World Population by Country
 List what you think the top ten populated
countries in the world are currently.
 GeoHive
 GeoHive
 List actual
Population
Density
(people/ km²)
Rank
Country
—
World
7,230,000,000
43
1
China
1,361,000,000
136
2
India
1,251,000,000
328
3
United States
320,000,000
30
4
Indonesia
256,000,000
126
5
Brazil
204,000,000
21
6
Pakistan
199,000,000
202
7
Nigeria
181,000,000
139
8
Bangladesh
169,000,000
1,002
9
Russia
142,000,000
8
10
Japan
127,000,000
337
Largest Metropolitan Areas
 List what you think the 10 largest




metropolitan areas are in world.
GeoHive
List Actual
GeoHive --2015 Projected
GeoHive --1950-2015 Met. Areas
Megacities
 In 1950, New York City was the only World City
with more than 10 million residents
 Today, 26 giant cities are home to a total of
more than 250 million people
 The largest of these is Tokyo
 37.6 million inhabitants
 These huge cities struggle with overcrowded
conditions and immense demand for water &
sanitation
Tokyo
Mexico City
Seoul, South Korea
Shanghai, China
Migration
 The large-scale
migration of people from
one location to another
also alters the
distribution of population
 Reasons for migrating
are referred to as: PushPull Factors
Immigration
 Immigration- the movement of people from
one nation-state to another
 Immigration implies long-term permanent
residence by the immigrants
 Tourists are not considered immigrants
 All of our ancestors immigrated to America
from a foreign country
Push Factors
 Push Factors- those that cause people to
leave their homeland & migrate or
immigrate to another region or country





Drought
Natural Disasters
Political – war, persecution
Religious Reasons
Economic Opportunity
Irish Potato Famine (1845-1849)
Natural Disasters
Hurricane Katrina Migration
Religious Persecution
Pull Factors
 Pull factors draw or attract people to another
location