Download Chp 12

Unit #4: Europe
Chp 12: Physical Geography of
Europe
Take Five…
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What is the main type of physical
landform that is predominant in
Europe?
? How can a little tiny country BE a
country?
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What makes a country?
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Common DEFENDABLE borders
Military
Stable Political system
Stable Economic system
17 of the world’s smallest countries each contain less than 200 square
miles in area. If we combined the land area of these 17 countries, we
would have a country just a bit larger than the state Rhode Island.
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Vatican City - 0.2 square miles - The world's smallest state, the
Vatican has a population of 770, none of whom are permanent
residents. The tiny country which surrounds St. Peter's Basilica is
the spiritual center for the world's Roman Catholics (over 1 billion
strong). Also known as the Holy See, Vatican City is surrounded by
Rome, Italy.
Monaco - 0.7 square miles - The tiny state of Monaco lies along
the French Riviera on the French Mediterranean coast near Nice.
An impressive 32,000 people live in this state known for its Monte
Carlo casinos and Princess Grace. It has been independent off-andon since the 13th century.
Nauru - 8.5 square miles - The 13,000 residents of the Pacific
island Nauru rely on diminishing phosphate deposits. The state
became independent in 1968 and was formerly known as Pleasant
Island.
Tuvalu - 9 square miles - Tuvalu is composed of 9 coral atolls
along a 360 mile chain in Polynesia. They gained independence in
1978. The former Ellice Islands are home to 12,000.
San Marino - 24 square miles - Located on Mt. Titano in north
central Italy, San Marino has 29,000 residents. The country claims
to be the oldest state in Europe, having been founded in the fourth
century.
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Liechtenstein - 62 square miles - This microstate of
34,000 is located on the Rhine River between
Switzerland and Austria in the Alps.
Marshall Islands - 70 square miles - The atolls
(including the world's largest, Kwajalein), reefs, and 34
islands (population 58,000) gained independence in
1986; they were formerly part of the Trust Territory of
Pacific Islands (and administered by the United States).
Saint Kitts and Nevis - 104 square miles - This
Caribbean country of 39,000 gained independence in
1983. Nevis is the smaller island of the two and is
guaranteed the right to secede.
Seychelles - 107 square miles - The 81,000 residents
of this Indian Ocean island group have been
independent of the United Kingdom since 1976.
Maldives - 115 square miles - Only 200 of the 2000
Indian Ocean islands which make up this country are
occupied by 340,000 residents. The islands gained
independence from the U.K. in 1965.
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Malta - 122 square miles - This island is just south of the Italian
island of Sicily. It became independent from the United Kingdom in
1964 and the British military were completely gone by 1979. The
population is 400,000.
Grenada - 133 square miles - This Caribbean country (population
90,000) became independent of the U.K. in 1974. It's located quite
close to Venezuela.
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines - 150 square miles - 117,000
people live on these Windward Caribbean islands which gained
independence from Britain in 1979.
Barbados - 166 square miles - About 280,000 people live on this
Caribbean island, the farthest east of the Lesser Antilles. Barbados
obtained independence from the U.K. in 1966.
Antigua and Barbuda - 171 square miles - This Caribbean nation
of 69,000 has been independent from the United Kingdom since
1981. The three islands which compose this country rely on tourism
(as do many of the Caribbean countries and territories).
Andorra - 180 square miles - The independent Principality of
Andorra is co-governed by the President of France and the Spain's
Bishop of Urgel. With just over 70,000 people, this mountainous
tourist destination tucked in the Pyrenees between France and Spain
has been independent since 1278.
Palau - 191 square miles - Palau (also known as Belau) was a Trust
Territory of Pacific Islands. It was formerly known as the Carolines
and is composed of more than 200 islands in the Pacific; the
population is about 20,000. It became independent in 1994.
Say What???
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6 of the world’s 17 smallest
countries are located in Europe
Sec 1: Landforms and Resources
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What is a peninsula?
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Land that is surrounded by water on 3
sides
Europe is essentially a series of
large peninsulas
Northern Peninsula—Scandinavian
Peninsula
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Norway & Sweden
Bordered by Norwegian Sea, North
Sea and Baltic Sea
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Fjords—U shaped valleys that connect
to the sea and filled with seawater after
the glaciers melted
Provide harbors
Scandinavian Peninsula--Norway and
Sweden
Jutland Peninsula
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Forms part of Denmark and
Germany
It is surrounded by the North Sea
and the Baltic Sea
Jutland
Peninsula
Iberian Peninsula
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Spain and Portugal
Surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean,
the Bay of Biscay and the
Mediterrean Sea
The Pyrenees Mountains separate
the Iberian Peninsula from the rest
of Europe
Iberian Peninsula
Italian Peninsula—The Boot…
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Italy & Vatican City
Surrounded by Tyrrhenian Sea,
Ionia Sea and Adriatic Sea
Italian
Peninsula
Vatican City
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Home to the Pope
Home to the Pope’s staff
Home to the Sistine Chapel
Vatican City
Vatican City
Sistine
Chapel
Vatican Guards—Swiss Guards
Soooo…why Swiss Guards you say?
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"The Helvetians (Swiss soldiers) are
a people of warriors, famous for the
valour of their soldiers."
1506 protected Pope Julius II
Pope Julius II granted them the title
of "Defenders of the Church's
freedom"
The rest is history…
Balkan Peninsula
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The Balkan States
Surrounded by the Adriatic Sea, the
Mediterrean Sea and the Aegean
Sea
Balkan Peninsula
Take Five…
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Which mountain range cuts Italy off
from the rest of Europe?
Which mountain range restricts
movement between France to Spain
and Portugal?
Which mountain range divides the
eastern and western portions of
Italy?
Mountain ranges
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Mountains in Europe act as walls
separating different groups of people and
ultimately different countries
Alps (Spreading across France, Italy,
Germany, Switzerland, Austria & the
northern Balkan Peninsula)
Pyrenees (Between France and Spain)
Apennine (Italy)
Balkan Mountains (Balkan States)
Alps
Wally Points…
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What’s the difference between
mountains and uplands?
Uplands
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Lower mountains or hills
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Kjolen in Scandinavia
Brittany in France
Meseta in Spain (plateau)
Central Uplands in Germany
Massif Central in France
Rivers
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Danube (Dan u bu)—longest river in
Europe-beginning in Black Forest
(Germany) flowing to the Black Sea
Rhine (Germany)
Seine (Sign)—(France)
Elbe (Denmark-Czech Republic)
Po (Italy)
Danube
Rhine
Seine River
Elbe
Po
Take Five…
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Name one pro and one con for the
European plains landforms.
Fertile Plains
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Pro
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Con
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Plains make for easy invasion
Northern European Plain
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Flatland has fertile soil and is ideal for farming
France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Denmark,
Germany & Poland
Other plains regions
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Sweden, Hungary, N. Italy
Take Five…
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Complete the Skill Builder questions
on page 276.
Natural Resources
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Abundant natural resources
including coal and iron
Oil and natural gas
Agriculture—grains, grapes, olives
etc
Timber
Disparity of natural resources
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Not all countries in Europe have
abundant or even the same natural
resources
Example: oil and natural gasses are
available in some areas, but others,
such as Ireland use peat as an
energy resource
Take Five…
Sec #2: Climate and vegetation
European Union