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Transcript
THE 5 THEMES OF GEOGRAPHY Chapter 1 Arctic Ocean Asia Pacific Ocean North America Europe Atlantic Ocean Africa Indian Ocean South America Antarctica Australia THE FIVE THEMES OF GEOGRAPHY • • • • • Location Place Human-Environment Interaction Movement Regions LOCATION Where are we? • Absolute Location – A latitude and longitude (global location) or a street address (local location). – Paris France is 48o North Latitude and 2o East Longitude. – The White House is located at 1600 Pennsylvania Ave. • Relative Location – Described by landmarks, time, direction or distance. From one place to another. – Go 1 mile west on main street and turn left for 1 block. Latitude and Longitude How do we find places on maps? Latitude What is Latitude? • • • • Lines of Latitude run horizontally Latitude is measured in degrees. The Equator is 0 degrees Latitude. Lines of Latitude Are used to locate places and measure distances North or South of the Equator. Longitude • Lines of Longitude run vertically. • They are also called Meridians. • The Prime Meridian is found in Greenwich, England. • The Prime Meridian is 0 degrees Longitude. • Lines of Longitude are used to locate places and measure distances East or West of the Prime Meridian. Time Zones • Time zones differ from their neighboring time zones by 1 hour. • The continental U.S. has 4 time zones, Eastern, Central, Mountain, and Pacific. • The International Dateline was established following the 180th meridian, where ever we cross it the date advances 1 day ( if you are going west), or goes back 1 day (if you are going east). Time Zones • In the Spring we shift the clocks 1 hour ahead. This is called Daylight Saving Time. (Arizona and Hawaii DO NOT observe DST) • In the Fall we shift the clocks 1 hour back. U.S. Time Zones PLACE What is it like there, what kind of place is it? • Human • Physical Characteristics Characteristics • What are the main languages, customs, and beliefs. • How many people live, work, and visit a place. • Landforms (mountains, rivers, etc.), climate, vegetation, wildlife, soil, etc. HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION • How do humans and the environment affect each other? – We depend on it. • People depend on the Mississippi River for water and transportation. – We modify it. • People modify our environment by heating and cooling buildings for comfort. – We adapt to it. • We adapt to the environment by wearing clothing suitable for summer (shorts) and winter (coats), rain and shine. MOVEMENT • How are people, goods, ideas moved from place to place? – Human Movement • Trucks, Trains, Planes – Information Movement • Phones, computer (email), mail – Idea Movement • How do fads move from place to place? TV, Radio, Magazines MOVEMENT • Nearly everywhere, people are interdependent, relying on each other for goods, services, and ideas REGIONS • How are Regions similar to and different from other places? – Formal Regions • Regions defined by governmental or administrative boundaries (States, Countries, Cities) • Regions defined by similar characteristics (Corn Belt, Rocky Mountain region, Chinatown). – Functional Regions • Regions defined by a function (newspaper service area, cell phone coverage area). – Vernacular Regions (Not in your book) • Regions defined by peoples perception (middle east, the south, etc.) Remembering the 5 themes • If you can’t remembering what they are just ask for HELP!!! • M – Movement • R – Regions • HE – Human Environment interaction • L – Location • P - Place Geography Skills Handbook Parts of Maps Parallels and Meridians Types of Maps Comparing Maps and Globes Map Projections Graphs, Charts, and Diagrams KEY KEY COMPASS ROSE SCALE BAR 1. 2. What line of longitude passes close to Bordeaux? What city is located east of 5◦E and south of 45◦ N? General Purpose Maps Physical Maps show landforms and bodies of water.. General Purpose Maps Political Maps show national and regional boundaries and cities. Special Purpose Map These maps emphasize a single idea about an area. Imagine the Earth as an orange, and the globe as its peel. Shapes are correct, but the sizes and distances are wrong. The further away from the Equator you get, the more distorted the sizes get. Graphs These are charts uses to present data visually. Bar Graph: shows comparisons; makes highs and lows stand out clearly. Line Graph: shows a change between two variables. Circle Graph (pie chart): uses percentages to show how parts of the whole compare to one another. Pictograph: uses pictures of the subject to present information. Tables: present information in a organized manner.