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The Five Themes of Geography
Why Study Geography in a
class about World History?
• It affects where people live
(Settlement patterns)
• It affects how people live then
and now
• It affects/affected the outcome
of major historical events.
The 5 Themes of Geography
1. Location
2. Movement
3. Region
4. Place
5. Human/ Environment Interaction
Theme # 1: Location
Where is it??
Location:
• There are two types of LOCATION!!
• Absolute
• Relative
Absolute Location:
• Absolute Location is found by
using…
• Two specific line types
• Latitude
• Longitude
Absolute Location:
• Latitude Lines
AKA (Parallels)
Or Lines of Flatitude
Latitude lines are drawn from:
East to West
Latitude lines measure:
North to South
Absolute Location:
• The Major Line of LATITUDE is the:
• Equator
0’ degrees
• It splits the Earth into:
• the Northern and
Southern Hemispheres
Define Hemisphere:
• Half of a globe
(in our case the Earth)
Absolute Location:
• Other important lines:
• 66 1/2 * North = Arctic Circle
• 66 1/2 * South = Antarctic Circle
They are important because:
These areas get the least amount
of sunlight. Part of the year
there is no sunlight and the
other part of the year there
is no darkness.
Absolute Location:
• Longitude Lines
AKA (Meridians)
Latitude lines are drawn from:
North to South
Latitude lines measure:
East to West
Absolute Location:
• Other important lines of LATITUDE:
• 22 1/3 * North = Tropic of Cancer
• 22 1/3 * South = Tropic of Capricorn
• They are important because:
They get the most direct
sunlight making these areas
the hottest places on Earth
Absolute Location:
• The Major Line of LONGITUDE is the:
• Prime Meridian
0’ degrees
• It splits the Earth into:
• the Eastern and
Western Hemispheres
Absolute Location:
• Can you find an
ABSOLUTE LOCATION
Using Latitude & Longitude?
Here are some examples how a latitude and
longitude maps look..
Absolute Location:
30*N
15*W
45*S
45*E
30*S
60*W
15*N
30*E
30*N
60*W
45*N
45*E
60*S
60*W
60*N
30*W
30*S
15*E
60*S
75*E
Absolute Location:
World Latitude & Longitude
Activity
Relative Location:
• Where an area is depending on where
another area is!
Figure out where Mr. K’s desk is in relation
to something else in the room!
Theme # 2: Movement
• How are people linked together?
Movement:
• Movement is……..…
• How people in one area contact
people in other areas.
• How ideas, people or goods move.
• Examples: Immigration/Emigration,
Transportation, Communication, and
Goods.
Movement:
• What can move??
Movement:
• How can things move??
Movement:
• Through movement we connect all of
our world together.
• This is called globalization!
• When we are interdependent on each
other for our economy, culture,
politics, socialization, and
technology.
Theme # 3: Region
• Areas defined by its characteristics.
• What does it have in common?
Region:
• A region describes:
• Areas that have common characteristics.
• These can include Sports teams,
buildings, or items identifiable to an area.
• Regions can be:
BIG
or
small
Region:
• There are two types of Regions
• Formal
• Functional
Region:
• Formal Regions is an. . .
•
Area in which a certain characteristic is
found throughout the area
• Example: City, State, Country, Continent
• Example. The Pacific Northwest, the Northeast, the
South, the west coast, etc…
Region:
• Functional Regions
• Have one central place and is
surrounded by the areas it affects
• Example: Hershey, PA or Seattle Wa
Theme # 4: Place
What is it like to live there?
Place:
Place:
What is it like?
Place:
Place:
Each PLACE on Earth has it own:
DISTINCT CHARACTERISTICS
Two types:
Human
Or
Physical
(something that makes it different than any other place in
the world)
Place:
• Physical Features:
• The Earth is covered in 30 % land
• All landforms are described by their elevation
• Elevation is the height above sea level
• There are 4 main types of landforms they are:
1.Mountains
2.Hills
3.Plateaus
4.Plains
Place:
• Physical Features:
• Another physical feature is also an areas
climate.
– What affects climate?
• There are 3 major climate regions.
• Tropical
• Temperate (Mid-Latitude)
• Polar
Place:
All climate regions are affected by:
1. Sun
2. Water
3. Wind
Temperate:
Polar:
• Everything North of the Arctic Circle
& Everything South of the Antarctic
Circle
Polar:
•
•
•
•
No sunlight during part of the year
No darkness during part of the year
Very cold
Few people live here
Human characteristics of Place
• Language
• Religion
• Architecture
• Cultural identifiers
(dress/traditions
Ceremonies, etc)
• Economic, social and political
organization.
Human/Environment Interaction:
(HEI)
• How we interact / adapt to
our environment?
(Positively or negatively)
HEI:
• Human/Environment Interaction
explains:
–How people use and change their
environment
HEI:
• The environment influences how:
• We live and adapt to our
surroundings.
• Examples:
Does the environment affect where we do these
activities? (how are people adapting to the
environment?
HEI:
• When ever people come in contact
with something they:
• Change it!
• Examples are:
Good
» Bad
» Both
»
HEI = Global Warming
• A negative effect of people
interacting with their
environment.
HEI = Global Warming
1979
2005
What is happening because of global warming?
HEI: Global Warming
• What can we do to help??
Location:
A
I
Location:
Location:
Q A
A
II
Q
Q
Can you place the
geographic
term
with
Can you
place
the
the
correct
geographic term with
geographic
the theme!?!?
correct
geographic theme!?!?
Geographic
Themes
Geographic
Geographic
Themes
Themes
Region:
C Region:
F
K
C
F
K
Movement:
Movement:
D
D
L
L
M
M
Equator
Equator
Building
Building
roadsroads
Southwest
Southwest Asia Asia
Visiting
another
country
Visiting
another
country
an island
On anOn
island
Western
Western
US US
veryclimate
hot climate
A veryAhot
Planting
Planting
cropscrops
longitude
longitude
Place:
E
G
OPlace:
P E
G
O
P
Human/Environmen
t Interaction:
B
Human/Environmen
Human/Environmen
H
tt Interaction:
Interaction:
J
B
B
N
H
H
J
J
N
N
Cutting
Cuttingdown
down
forests
forests
Your
Yourneighborhood
neighborhood
Changing
Changingyour
your
address
address
Written
Writtenletters
letters
Building
Building
new
new
houses
houses
Areas
Areaswith
withlittle
little
rainfall
rainfall
Swiss
Swisschalets
chalets
&&
high
high
mtsmts
= =
Switzerland
Switzerland
Texas
Texasisissouth
south
of of
Oklahoma
Oklahoma