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• Chapter 1
• California’s Geography
• Study Guide
Answers:
• I. “California's Location”
•
A. California in the World
•
1. hemispherehalf of the Earth
• 2. equatoran imaginary line on a globe
that divides the Earth into the Northern
& Southern Hemispheres
• 3. prime meridianthe imaginary line on the globe
that divides the Earth into the
Western and Eastern Hemispheres
• 4. Where in the world is California
located?
•
It's located in the U.S., in North
America, in the Northern and Western
Hemispheres.
• B. A Pacific Coast State
•
1. relative locationwhere a place is in relation
to one or more other
places on Earth
• 2. What is California's location in relation to
the Pacific Ocean (relative location)?
California is on the eastern edge
of the Pacific Ocean.
• II. “The Regions of California”
•
A. California's Natural Wonders
•
1. natural regions-
places that share the
same kinds of physical
or natural features
• 2. What is one way that geographers
divide the state of California?
They divide it into four natural
regions.
• B. The Coastal Region
•
1. coastal plainan area of low land with
sandy beaches along the
shoreline
• 2. harborsa place where ships can
dock safely
• 3. How is California's northern coast
different from its southern coast?
•
Its northern coast is rocky with
steep cliffs, but its southern
coast has sandy beaches.
• C. The Mountain Region
•
1. Sierra Nevadathe state's largest mountain range
that stretches north & south across
much of the eastern part of the state
• 2. Cascade RangeCalifornia's northern mountain
range that extends into Oregon and
Washington
• 3. How are the Sierra Nevadas different
from the Coastal Ranges?
The Sierra Nevadas are taller
than the Coastal Ranges.
• D. The Central Valley Region
•
1. tributariessmaller rivers that
feed into larger ones
• 2. deltaland that has been built up from soil
carried by rivers
• 3. fertilerich, good for growing crops
• 4. What are some of the physical features
of the Central Valley?
•
The San Juaquin and Sacramento
Rivers, Sacramento River Delta, and the
Sacramento and San Juaquin Valleys are
just some of the physical features of the
Central Valley.
• E. The Desert Region
•
1. irrigationuse of canals, ditches, or
pipes to carry
water to dry places
• 2. sea levelland that is level with
the surface of the ocean
• 3. What are some of the physical features
of the Desert Regions?
Some of the physical features of the
Desert Region are the Mojave and
Colorado Deserts, the Imperial and
Coachella Valleys, the Salton Sea, and
Death Valley.
• 4. Who was John Muir?
1838-1914 Naturalist and
conservation leader that worked
tirelessly to protect wild areas like
Yosemite & the Hetch Hetchy Valley.
• III. “Climate and Vegetation”
•
A. Weather and Climate
•
1. precipitationwater that falls to Earth's
surface as rain, sleet, hail,
or snow
• 2. climatethe kind of weather a place
has most often, year after year
• 3. How does the location of a place affect
its climate?
In general, temperatures are cooler
for places farther north.
• B. The Coast and Central Valley
•
1. vegetationplant life
• 2. How does the Pacific Ocean affect
climate in California?
It warms the land in winter
and cools it in summer.
• C. The Mountain Region
•
1. How does elevation affect
temperatures in California?
Temperatures drop 3 degrees (F) for
every 1,000 feet of elevation.
• D. Desert Climate
•
1. humidmoist air
• 2. rain shadowthe drier side of the mountain
• 3. How do mountains affect precipitation?
They can create a rain shadow.
• E. Severe Weather
•
1. droughta long time with little
or no rain
• 2. What can happen when a place does
not get enough rain?
Crops can die, and can blow away,
and forest fires and brush fires can
start.
• IV. “Where Californians Live”
•
A. Patterns of Settlement
•
1. physical environmentincludes a place's physical
features, landforms, and
climate
• 2. natural resourcesomething found in nature,
such as water, soil,
and minerals that people
can us to meet their needs
• 3. What kinds of things affect where
people live?
The physical environment, natural
resources, work, transportation, and
culture all can affect where people
live.
• B. Both Urban and Rural
•
1. urbancity areas
• 2. metropolitan areaa larger city together with
nearby cities and suburbs
• 3. suburba town or small city
near a large city
• 4. ruralcountry, houses farther apart
and towns are smaller
• 5. modify-
change to meet needs
• 6. In which areas are California's largest
cities found?
They are found along the coast
and in the Central Valley.
• V. “Life in California”
•
A. Life in the Coastal Region
•
1. adaptedchanged ways to meet
needs/way of life
2. service-
an activity that someone does
for others for pay, such as
serving a meal in a restaurant
• 3. industryall the businesses that make
one product or provide one
kind of service
• 4. How does the Pacific Ocean affect life
in the Coastal Region?
It offers opportunities for work
and outdoor activities.
• B. Earthquakes
•
1.faultscracks in the Earth's
surface along which
movement occurs, causing
earthquakes
• 2. What causes earthquakes?
The movement of rock layers
deep within the
Earth cause earthquakes.
• C. Life in the Central Valley
•
1. growing seasonsthe time of year that best
suits the growth of crops
• 2. How do many people in the Central
Valley earn their living?
They earn their living by farming.
• D. Life in the Mountain and Desert
Regions
1. scarcelimited
• 2. How does climate affect life in the
Mountain and Desert Regions?
It affects what they do for fun, how
they build buildings, and landscape
their yards.