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5 THEMES OF GEOGRAPHY DEFINITION OF GEOGRAPHY ge·og·ra·phy 1 : a science that deals with the description, distribution, and interaction of the diverse physical, biological, and cultural features of the earth's surface 2 Source-Merriam Webster Collegiate Dictionary IN PLAIN ENGLISH Geography is the study of the earth and everything on it. 3 WHERE DID THE 5 THEMES COME FROM? The 5 Themes of Geography were started by the National Geographic Society to fulfill a need for geographers (people who study the earth and everything on it) to categorize everything they learn. These 5 themes are easy to remember. Just remember: MR. HELP 4 5 THEMES OF GEOGRAPHY 5 MOVEMENT •Movement includes the movement of people, things (such as goods), as well as communications (the movement of ideas). •We can describe the type of communications a place has and the main forms of transportation, as well as what goods are exported and imported. 6 MOVEMENT ~more~ As people, goods and ideas move from place to place they can change a place’s characteristics. Example: If communists invaded and overtook the United States, our country’s geography would change. 7 REGION Regions are areas that can be grouped together by a set of things special to that region, such as areas speaking the same language, or having the same religion or physical characteristics. Loosely defined regions are regions that are grouped together in general terms. Example: There are things such as the North, the Far East and Middle East. California is in the western region of the United States. Can you think of other regions in the United States? 8 HUMAN-ENVIRONMENTAL INTERACTION This is about the relationship between people and their environment. It answers many important questions: How do people use their environment? How have people changed the environment? How has the environment affected the people? 9 HUMAN-ENVIRONMENTAL INTERACTION How do people use their environment? Using trees for firewood, rivers to fish & transport goods. How have people changed the environment? Building dams across rivers, clearing forests to plant crops. How has the environment affected the people? People in cold climates wear insulated clothes to keep warm. It affects the way people transport things. 10 LOCATION Location tells you where a place is. It is divided into 2 parts: Absolute & Relative Relative: This is the place’s location compared to another place. Example: Windsor Locks is 50 miles from New Haven. Florida is in the southern United States. 11 LOCATION (continued) Absolute: Is shown by an address. It gives an exact position. Example: 7 Center Street, Windsor Locks, CT. On a globe or map it is shown by longitude and latitude lines. Latitude lines run parallel to the equator, longitude lines run north and south between the north and south poles. The equator is at 0 degrees, while the poles are 90 degrees north and south. Example: New York is located at 40 degree North, 73 degree West. 12 PLACE A place is described by its physical and/or human characteristics. Physical: landforms, climate, vegetation, rivers, soil. Human: things that have changed due to the people who live there (roads, buildings), customs, political systems, economy, etc. 13 Things to think about Movement – What does movement involve besides transportation? Region – What other regions are there in the United States? How are they different? Human Environmental – How do people in Windsor Locks modify their environment to accommodate them? How do people in Windsor Locks adapt to their environment in terms of what they wear and how they build their homes? 14 More things to think about Location – What is the difference between absolute and relative location? Give an example of relative location involving Windsor Locks. Place – What makes a place different from another place? 15 Five Themes of Geography Quiz A key to the quiz follows the last slide. You may continue answering each question until the correct answer is found. Question 1 Which of the following is NOT a geography theme? A. movement B. human-environmental interaction C. region D. people 17 Question #2 Which of the following is an example of Human-Environmental Interaction? A. walking in the woods B. watching TV C. playing Gameboy D. rainforest clearing 18 Question #3 Which of the following helped create the themes of geography? A. Geographica Institute B. National Geographic C. National Council for Social Studies D. Social Studies Teachers of America Society 19 Question 4 Which of the following is an example of PLACE A. Deep South B. McDonalds C. Dodge County Middle School D. Skating rink 20 Question #5 Which of the following is NOT an example of Location? A. Springfield, Missouri B. Dodge County Middle School C. Georgia D. the hills 1103 Herman Ave Eastman, GA 31023 21 Question #6 Which of the following is an example of region? A. Georgia B. South America C. United States D. The Midwest 22 Question #7 What is the name of a person who studies the earth and everything on it? A. Photographer B. Cartographer C. Geographer D. Mapographer 23 Key 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) D D B A B D C 24 Making Sense of it All Now that you have found out a little about the five themes, how can you use them? Imagine for a minute that you are a newspaper reporter. An important discovery of a lost land has been made, and you have the chance to be the first person to interview the returning explorers. Make a list of the questions that you might ask. Remember, the five themes and ask the most important questions from each. Here are some questions to get you started: Where is it? Where exactly is that? What does it look like? Is it prone to any type of natural disaster? 25