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Geography
Geography can influence/limit what
people can and cannot do.
• Geography is the study of the Earth and its
features. It also studies human life and
the effects of human activity. Geographic
features have a huge impact on where and
how people live. Relationships to climate,
water, landforms, and mineral deposits
shape how people live and act towards
others
Terms To Know
• 1.Human Geography – examines how geography
MIGRATION:
affects humans.
might people
be on –
the
• Why
2. Physical
Geography
study of landforms
move?
(mountains,
islands, etc.), climate, water,
location,
and
Physical
geography
mineral resources.
describes the
• 3. Political Geography – studies regions
and other
shape
of the land
groupings of people including tribes, ethnic groups,
religious groups, and nation states.
• 4. Migration – examines the movement of humans from
onePolitical
area togeography
another and
what
influenced the movement
can
be
Where people live/settle is an example of human geography
• 5. Trade
movement
of goods
and services from place
looked– at
as the study
of
to place
toof
meet
human
needs
groups
people
within
an
area of land
TRADE:
What are the benefits of trade?
What type of map is this?
What type
of map
is this?
Geographic Term to Know
•
Hemisphere – the northern and southern half
of the Earth is divided by the equator and the
eastern and western half is divided by the prime
meridian
Commerce is another way of saying trade.
More times than not, it is easier to trade by
water than it is by land. Why might that be?
Rivers
• Important avenue for transportation,
commerce, and cultural diffusion. Rivers
are also important for getting water to
In addition to the
dangers
crops (irrigation).
Rivers
mayofalso flood
floods,for crops, but can
which may be good
rapids (waterfalls)
crocodiles,
also destroy
homes and
communities.
and hippos made
Most early societies
near rivers
Nileformed
river travel
riskybecause they
provided a source of fresh water and fertile soil called
silt that was excellent for farming.
The Nile River
• The longest river in
the world is located
in Egypt, which is
in northeast Africa.
It’s annual floods
helps farmers and
led to the rise of
Because most of northeast Africa is
one of the earliestdesert with very little rainfall, most
civilizations.
of the major cities developed along
this vital water way
Mountains
• Mountain ranges can protect
civilizations
invasion
due
Thefrom
Himalaya
mountains
of Asia had a
to their height
andimpact
difficulty
major
on to
the history of both
cross. Mountains can
also
India
and China
isolate people and lead to an
ethnocentric culture (when you
believe yourThe
culture
and way
of it so that ideas,
isolation
makes
life is the best).technology, inventions, religion,
language, etc. cannot be shared
between India
different people
• Ex. Himalayas – separate
from the rest of Asia
Deserts
• Large areas of sand.
Deserts are dry (arid) and
hot. It is very difficult to
grow crops and vegetation
is limited. Deserts also
isolate and protect
civilizations because it is
difficult to travel and trade.
The Sahara desert made the
sharing
of technology,
• Ex. Sahara
Desert
in
Africainventions,
– largest inreligion
the and
world.
It is the
size
of thefor the
language,
very
difficult
continental
States!!
peopleUnited
of North
Africa.
Plateau
• A large area of high land
that usually is covered
by plains and flat terrain.
• Ex. Deccan Plateau in
India – contains mineral
resources and most of
the Indian population
lives on the edge of it in
river valleys with heavy
rain.
Plains
• An extensive, level,
usually treeless
area of land.
Savannas in Africa
and the Pampas in
Central and South
America are plains.
The plains can be a In the movie the Lion King,
good place to raise Simba and his pride lived in
this grassy plain.
crops and animals.
Sea
The
• A relatively large area of salt Mediterranean
water completely or partially Sea – located
between Africa,
enclosed by land.
Europe, and
Asia was a
major artery of
trade,
transportation,
Think of the
and cultural
Mediterranean as a
diffusion.
“super highway” of the
ancient on world
Peninsula
•
A piece of land
that projects into a
body of water.
• Ex. Korea (Country
in Asia) is a
peninsula
surrounded by the
Sea of Japan, the
Yellow Sea, and
the Korea Bay and
Strait.
Peninsulas
enjoy both the
advantages and
disadvantages
of the water.
Easier to travel
& trade, but also
more difficult to
defend.
Peninsulas
enjoy
Common Geography
Terms
•
•
both the
advantages and
Peninsula – piece of land disadvantages
with water of
on
the water. Easier
sides
to travel & trade,
Archipelago – group of islands
but also more
difficult to defend.
3
Regions of the World - unified by physical or
human characteristics such as language,
culture, economic activity, or a political
system.
Question:
Did you know there are seven
continents in the world? Can you
name them?
The main directions we use are called cardinal
directions and they are north (N), south (S), east
(E), and west (W). On most maps, north is at the
top. South is at the bottom. East is on the right. West
is on the left.
The compass rose shows us the in between
directions. They are called intermediate directions.
NE means northeast
SE means southeast
SW means southwest
NW means northwest
Know the difference!
LATITUDE
• Lines on a map or
globe running east &
west
LONGITUDE
• Lines on a map or
globe running north
& south
The Equator
• The equator is
located at 0
degrees
latitude. The
equator divides
Generally
climate along the
the
planetthe
into
equator is hot, humid, and very
therainy.
Northern
It is an excellent place
andforSouthern
farming in most cases.
Hemispheres.
Prime Meridian
• The lines of
longitude divide the
earth into Eastern
and Western
hemispheres. The
Prime Meridian
divides the world
into eastern and
western
hemispheres.
The Geography of Rochester
• How does the
geography of
Rochester
impact the way
we live?