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5 Themes of Geography
Learning Targets:
PG4- I can contrast differences between relative and
absolute location.
HG4 – I can identify the characteristics that define a
region geographically.
1. Location
Where is it at?
 Absolute location gives an exact location to
locate a place. Could use a grid system such
as latitude and longitude or could be
something like a street address.
 Relative location is where a place is in
relation to another place. Uses directional
words to describe (Cardinal & intermediate )or
identifying landmarks, direction, or distance
between places
Absolute location -Antarctica
Absolute location the exact location of a place.
Neumayer, Antarctica
Position: 70°39'S, 08°15'W
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Relative Location - Antarctica
Relative location is where a place is in relation to
another place or explained by identifying landmarks,
direction, or distance between places
Antarctica is located south of the equator or
Antarctica is at the bottom of Earth’s axis
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2. Place
What is it like when you get there?
Characteristics that define a place and explains what makes it different
from other places.
Physical characteristics include a description such
things as the mountains, rivers, beaches, and
animal and plant life of a place.
Human characteristics include the humandesigned cultural features of a place, people,
culture, language, architecture, religion, food and
transportation and communication networks.
Place - Physical characteristics Antarctica
Shining icebergs, deep blue sea, pure white
land that expands toward the horizon, mountains
exposed in ice sheets
There are no trees in Antarctica
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Place -Human characteristics Antarctica
The only people who live there live in research
stations
Mrs. Beaty’s nephew
Cape Shirreff opening
2008
Cape Shirreff,
Livingston Island,
Antarctica
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3. Human-Environment
Interaction
What do the people do to the environment? What
does the environment do for the people?
Explains how humans and the environment interact with each other.
This theme considers how humans adapt to and modify the
environment while depending upon it. Human interaction has both
positive and negative effects on the environment.
Cutting down trees
climate affects our jobs
Human-Environment Interaction
- Antarctica
Antarctica is the biggest pristine (cleanest) area
on Earth. It has little disturbance by human
activities and therefore has little environmental
destruction or pollution.
Human-Environment Interaction
- Antarctica
Since Antarctica is geographically distanced from human activities and
environmental pollution, it is a perfect site to collect baseline data on the
global environment. Antarctica also contains the information on the Earth
since its birth in a particularly good condition.
Mrs. Beaty’s nephew
4. Movement
People and ideas get around!
Humans move, a lot. In addition, ideas, fads,
goods, resources, and communication all travel
distances. This theme studies movement and
migration across the planet.
(When German immigrants
came to the U.S., they
brought the idea of the
frankfurter, which we later
called the hotdog.)
Movement - Antarctica
Most coastal stations have offshore anchorages,
and supplies are transferred from ship to shore by
small boats, barges, and helicopters. A few
stations have a basic wharf facility.
L.M. Gould dropping
off supplies and
research crew at
Palmer
5. Region
What do locations have in common?
Region divides the world into manageable units
for geographic study. Regions have some sort of
characteristic that unifies the area.
Regions are defined in many ways including
area, vegetation, political divisions, etc.
(Tennessee, Virginia, and
Kentucky are all part of the
APPALACHIAN REGION
because they all have the
Appalachian Mountains
running through them.)
Region –Antarctica
South Polar Region is the various lands and
waters surrounding the South Pole; near the
geographic poles
Five Themes of
Geography
1.Location
2.Place
3.Human/Environment Interaction
4.Movement
5.Regions
5 Themes of Geography
Come up with a way to memorize the 5
themes.
LPHMR
Lucky People Have Many Relatives
Show What You Know
• Label each of the following statements as
one of the following: absolute location,
relative location, place, humanenvironment interaction, movement, or
region.
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• 1. During the 1840’s Ireland’s potato crops
failed and Ireland experienced a famine. It
was during this time that many Irish
immigrated to America seeking a better
life.
• Movement
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• 2. The Incas invented terrace gardening.
They carved steps of flat land up the side
of the Andes mountain to create flat land
for farming. The terraces also helped to
keep rainwater from running off. They
reduced erosion. The government built
raised aqueducts to carry water to
farmlands for irrigation.
• Human-Environment Interaction
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• 3. Greenwich, England is located on the
Prime Meridian which is zero degrees
longitude.
• Absolute Location
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• 4. If I had to choose to live somewhere
other than East TN, I think I would like to
live in Hawaii. Hawaii has lush mountains
as well as beautiful beaches. And the
people there seem to be so laid back and
have less worries.
• Place
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• 5. We live in Maryville, TN which is located
in East TN about 20 miles south of
Knoxville, TN.
• Relative Location
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• 6. The history of the Middle East dates
back to ancient times, and throughout its
history, the Middle East has been a major
center of world affairs. It is also the
historical origin of major religions such as
Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. The
Middle East generally has an arid and hot
climate, with several major rivers providing
for irrigation to support agriculture in
limited areas.
• Region
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• 7. Write your own statement that deals
with at least 1 of the 5 Themes of
Geography and ask a friend to answer it.
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