Download LTEC 4550 Assignement 3

Brian Lee
LTEC 4550
Network System Administration
Mr. John West
Purpose of this Presentation
Hub - is a device used
to connect multiple
network devices together
and make them behave as
a single network segment.
This device is also
know as an Ethernet hub,
active hub, network hub,
repeater hub, multiport
repeater or just a hub.
Hubs neither provide
security, or identification of
connected devices. This
means that messages
have to be transmitted out
of every port of the hub,
greatly degrading the
efficiency of the network.
The effective range of a
hubs signal is dependent
on the media installed.
The signal could be as
limited to 15 meters for
coaxial cabling or as
efficient as several
kilometers for fiber optic.
A typical, small 4-5 port
unmanaged hub costs
between $10 – $20. The
range is dependent on the
type and speed of the
needed install application.
Historically, the main
reason for purchasing
hubs rather than switches
was their price. This
motivator has largely been
eliminated by reductions in
the price of switches, but
hubs can still be useful in
special circumstances.
Switch - (sometimes
known as a switching hub)
is a computer networking
device that is used to
connect devices together
on a computer network.
Switches exist for
various types of networks
including Fiber Channel,
Asynchronous Transfer
Mode, InfiniBand, Ethernet
and others.
Each connected switch
device can be identified
using a MAC address,
allowing the switch to
regulate the flow of traffic.
This maximizes security
and efficiency of the
network. A switch is often
considered more
"intelligent" than a hub
because of these features.
The effective range of a
switches signal, similarly to a
hub, is dependent on type of
media installed. Typically
between 100 and 300 meters.
The Appendixes detail more
uses and distances
4 -5 port, unmanaged
switches costs the same as
a hub between $10 – $20.
However the next level,
managed, 8 port switch
costs between $15 – $55.
Larger commercial switches
typically with 16 up to 50
ports can cost a few
hundred dollars.
A switch is considered
more advanced than a
hub because a switch will
only send a message to
the device that needs or
requests it, rather than
broadcasting the same
message out of each of
its ports.
Router - is a device that
forwards data packets
between computer
networks, creating an
overlay internetwork. . A
router is connected to two
or more data lines from
different networks.
A router has interfaces
for different physical
types of network
connections, (such as
copper cables, fiber optic,
or wireless transmission).
Routers also contain
firmware for different
networking communication
protocols. Each network
interface port uses this
firmware, or specialized
computer software, to
enable data packets to be
forwarded from one
protocol transmission
media to another.
The effective range of a
router depends on how
the network devices are
connected.
Are they directly wired to
one of the router’s ports as
seen in the diagram?
Or, are they connected
wirelessly through the
router’s antennae?
Wired connection ranges
typically are limited to
between 15 – 100 meters.
Wireless connections
range between 20 – 250
meters distance.
Please use the
corresponding appendix to
address the appropriate
standard’s range.
Home wireless router
cost between $10 – 100.
A Gigabit, built-in firewall
secure router can cost
over $1000.
An example of a router
would be the owner's
cable or DSL modem,
which connects to the
Internet through an ISP.
More sophisticated
routers, such as enterprise
routers, connect large
business or ISP networks
up to the powerful core
routers that forward data
at high speed along the
optical fiber lines of the
Internet backbone.
Bridge - A network
bridge, operating at the
data link layer, may
interconnect a small
number of devices in a
home or the office. This is
a trivial case of bridging, in
which the bridge learns
the MAC address of each
connected device.
A bridge works by
connecting like networks
effectively extending or
bridging individual network
segments. Bridging is
distinct from routing which
allows the networks to
communicate independently
as separate networks.
Single bridges also can
provide extremely high
performance in
specialized applications
such as storage area
networks.
The effective range of a
bridge signal is dependent
on the media installed.
The minimum signal
media limit would be 15
meters versus several
kilometers over fiber optic.
This device costs the
same and is marketed as
an unmanaged switch or
hub. The prices range
between $10 – $55.
Classic bridges may also
interconnect using a
spanning tree protocol that
disables links so that the
resulting local area
network is a tree without
loops. In contrast to
routers, spanning tree
bridges must have
topologies with only one
active path between two
points.
Gateway - is a node (a
router) on a TCP/IP
network that serves as an
access point to another
network. A “default”
gateway is the node on
the computer network that
the network software uses
when an IP address does
not match any other
routes in the routing table.
A default gateway
provides an entry point and
an exit point in a network.
In home computing
configurations, an ISP
often provides a physical
device which both
connects local hardware
to the Internet and serves
as a gateway. Such
devices include DSL
routers and cable routers.
In organizational
systems, a gateway is a
node that routes the traffic
from a workstation to
another network segment.
The default gateway
commonly connects the
internal networks and the
outside network (Internet).
In such a situation, the
gateway node could also
act as a proxy server and
a firewall.
The gateway is also
associated with both a
router, which uses
headers and forwarding
tables to determine
where packets are sent,
and a switch, which
provides the actual path
for the packet in and out
of the gateway.
If you have an external
hardware-based gateway,
as the picture depicts,
then the range is based on
any other wired or
wireless network
component. Please use
the corresponding
appendix to address the
appropriate standard’s
range. However, most
modern gateways are built
into a company’s internet
router
A separate gateway
device typically costs
between $45 - $100.
This is the same price
range as most gateway
enabled internet routers.
Firewall - is a software or
hardware-based network
security system that
controls the incoming and
outgoing network traffic by
analyzing the data packets
and determining whether
they should be allowed
through or not, based on an
applied rule set.
A firewall establishes a
barrier between a trusted,
secure internal network
and another network
(e.g., the Internet) that is
not assumed to be
secure and trusted.
On inspecting all
packets for improper
content, firewalls can
restrict or prevent
outright the spread of
networked computer
worms and Trojan virus’.
The effective range of a
firewall would be defined
by the distance travelled
by the data packets being
analyzed. The sky is the
limit in the case of an
Internet-based data
packet!
An external hardware
security appliance will
cost between $65 - $500.
An enterprise-ready,
gigabit bundled firewall
appliance can start at
$10,000 up to $100,000
Firewalls often have
network address
translation (NAT)
functionality, and the
hosts protected behind a
firewall commonly have
addresses in the "private
address range", as
defined in RFC 1918.
Wireless AP - a wireless
access point (WAP) is a
device that allows wireless
devices to connect to a
wired network using Wi-Fi,
or related standards.
A WAP normally
connects directly to a wired
Ethernet connection and
the WAP then provides
wireless connections using
radio frequency links for
other devices to utilize that
wired connection.
The WAP usually
connects to a router (via
a wired network) as a
standalone device,
however it can also be an
integral component of the
router itself.
The effective range of
a wireless access point
is determined by
environmental
interference, frequency
used, and 802.11
standard programmed.
Wireless access point
(WAP) prices range based
on features exactly similar
to routes because typically
routers will have wireless
capabilities built into them
and vice versus.
Therefore, basic home
WAP prices range from
$25 - $100. While featurerich wireless routers
based on the all-new
802.11ac standard start at
$100 - $275.
Overall Network
Diagram
World Wide Web
Firewall
Router
Switch
Wireless
Access Point
Terminal
Terminal
Hub
Bridge
Hub
Terminal
Terminal
Terminal
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