Download CHAP10 - Lyle School of Engineering

10.
ENTERPRISE
NETWORKING
&
THE INTERNET
10.1
INFORMATION SYSTEM
BUSINESS
CHALLENGE
MANAGEMENT
INFORMATION
INFORMATION
BUSINESS
SYSTEM
SOLUTIONS
TECHNOLOGY
COMPLETE CHANGE OF MINDSET
SUCCESSFUL INTERNET BUSINESS MODEL
ORGANIZATION
10.2
CENTRALIZATION VS. DECENTRALIZATION
ENTERPRISE NETWORK
• HARDWARE; SOFTWARE;
TELECOMMUNICATIONS, DATA
RESOURCES
• MORE COMPUTING POWER ON THE
DESKTOP
• NETWORK LINKING SMALLER
NETWORKS
*
10.3
INTERNETWORKING
• LINK NETWORKS
• EACH RETAINS IDENTITY
• INTO INTERCONNECTED NETWORK
*
10.4
CLIENT / SERVER MODEL
SPLITS PROCESSING
• CLIENT
• SERVER
*
10.5
CLIENT
• USER POINT - OF - ENTRY
• COMPUTER / WORKSTATION /
LAPTOP
• USER INTERACTS WITH CLIENT
• THRU GRAPHICAL USER
INTERFACE (GUI)
• ENTER & RETRIEVE DATA
• ANALYZE & REPORT
*
10.6
SERVER
• COMPUTER SATISFIES USER’S
NEEDS
• NOT VISIBLE TO USER
• PROCESSING
• ACCESS TO DATABASES
*
10.7
TYPES OF CLIENT/SERVER
COMPUTING
•
•
•
•
•
10.8
Distributed Presentation
Remote Presentation
Distributed Logic
Remote Data Management
Distributed Database
*
INTERNET SERVICE
PROVIDER (ISP)
COMMERCIAL ORGANIZATION
WITH PERMANENT CONNECTION TO
INTERNET
SELLS TEMPORARY CONNECTIONS
TO SUBSCRIBERS
*
10.9
INTERNET CAPABILITIES
CAPABILITY
FUNCTIONS SUPPORTED
E -MAIL
PERSON -TO-PERSON MESSAGING; DOCUMENT SHARING
USERNET NEWSGROUPS ELECTRONIC BULLETIN BOARDS
CHATTING
INTERACTIVE CONVERSATIONS
TELNET
LOG ON ONE COMPUTER, WORK ON ANOTHER
GOPHERS
LOCATE TEXT USING HIERARCHY OF MENUS
ARCHIE
SEARCH DATABASES FOR FILES AVAILABLE FOR DOWNLOADING
WAIS
LOCATE FILES IN DATABASES USING KEYS
FTP
TRANSFER FILES FROM COMPUTER TO COMPUTER
WORLD WIDE WEB
HYPERTEXT LINKS TO RETRIEVE/FORMAT/DISPLAY INFORMATION
10.10
INTERNET ADDRESS
[email protected]
INDIVIDUAL OR
ORGANIZATION NAME
HOST
COMPUTER
DOMAIN
LOCATION
10.11
PEOPLE-TO-PEOPLE COMMUNICATION
•
•
•
•
E-MAIL: International “Post Office”
USENET: On-line Forums on a Topic
LISTSERV: e-mail Discussion Groups
CHATTING: Live, Interactive
Conversations
• “FLAMING”: Rude, Discourteous Behavior
*
10.12
RETRIEVAL ON THE INTERNET
• FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL (FTP):Easy Tool for
Transferring Remote Files
• ARCHIE: Tool for Key-word Searches of
Databases; Provides File Names
• GOPHER: Character-oriented tool; Locates Text
Thru Easy-to-use Menus
• VERONICA: Searches for Key Words in Gopher
• WIDE AREA INFORMATION SERVERS (WAIS):
Tool for Key-word Searches of Databases;
Requires Database Names
*
10.13
WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)
• STANDARDS TO STORE, RETRIEVE,
FORMAT, DISPLAY INFORMATION
• CLIENT-SERVER ARCHITECTURE
• GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE
• DYNAMIC LINKS TO OTHER
DOCUMENTS (“hot links”)
• EXPLOSION IN BUSINESS USE
*
10.14
WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)
• HYPERTEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE
(HTML):Hypertext Tool to Create
Dynamic Links to Same or Other
Documents
• BROWSER: Tool Supports Graphics,
Hyperlinks, to Navigate Web
• SEARCH ENGINE: Tool for Locating
Sites, Information on Internet / WWW
10.15
*
WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)
• HOME PAGE: WWW Text / Graphics
Screen; Welcomes User; Introduces
Organization; Starting Screen for
Document
• WEB SITE: All WWW Pages
Maintained by an Organization.
*
10.16
WWW NEEDS
• FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE:
Consistent Link to Internet / WWW
• STRUCTURAL ARCHITECTURE:
Internal Arrangements of all Files
• NAVIGATIONAL ARCHITECTURE:
Consistent Linkages Within
Document and to Others
*
10.17
WWW ADDRESS
http//www.datamation.com
GO TO WEB
WEB SITE
NAME
TYPE OF
ORGANIZATION
10.18
ELECTRONIC COMMERCE
• DOING BUSINESS ELECTRONICALLY
• AUTOMATION OF BUSINESS - TO BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS
*
10.19
NEW BUSINESS MODELS
• CATALOG SITE: Electronic Catalog for Online Sales
• ONSALE: On-line auction uses e-mail
• ELECTRIC MINDS: Cyberspace
Community features Technology & Culture
• TRIPOD: Career Info for College Students
*
10.20
INTERNET BENEFITS TO
ORGANIZATION
• REDUCES COMMUNICATION COSTS
• ENHANCES COMMUNICATION;
COORDINATION
• ACCELERATES KNOWLEDGE
DISTRIBUTION
• ELECTRONIC COMMERCE
10.21
INTRANET
• INTERNAL NETWORK
• WWW TECHNOLOGY
• FIREWALL: Security System to Prevent
Invasion of Private Networks
• OVERCOMES COMPUTER PLATFORM
DIFFERENCES
• OFTEN INSTALLED ON EXISTING
NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE
*
10.22
EXTRANET
PRIVATE INTRANET ACCESSIBLE TO
SELECT OUTSIDERS
LINK ORGANIZATION TO
• IMPORTANT CLIENTS
• BUSINESS PARTNERS
• TOP EXECUTIVES & BOARD MEMBERS
*
10.23
APPLICATIONS OF INTRANETS & EXTRANETS
MANAGEMENT: Regular Progress Reports,
Minutes of Meetings, Assignments
COMMUNICATION: Group Collaboration
REFERENCE: Access to Manuals,
Directories, Data
SALES & MARKETING: Updates on Orders
PURCHASING: Check new Products,
Catalogs, Place Orders
CUSTOMER SERVICE: Single Access Point
HUMAN RESOURCES: Training, Policy
10.24
*
BENEFITS & LIMITATIONS OF
INTRANETS & EXTRANETS
BENEFITS:
• Standard Documents Always Current,
Available. Less Expensive than Paper
• Can Create, Coordinate New Documents
• Virtual Conferencing
• Project, Order Tracking Simplified
*
10.25
BENEFITS & LIMITATIONS OF
INTRANETS & EXTRANETS
LIMITATIONS:
• Can’t Replace Large TPS Programs (e.g.:
Payroll; Accounting; Production /
Operations; Marketing)
• Too Slow for High-Speed Data Transfer
• Not yet as Functional as Groupware
• Require Tight Security Control and Careful
Management Planning
*
10.26
INTERNET CHALLENGES
• SECURITY: Exposure to Thieves &
Vandals; Hackers Steal, Use Passwords;
Not Yet Safe for Large Business
Transactions
• TECHNOLOGY: Lack of Uniform
Standards; Transfer of Graphics, Video
can be Costly
• LEGAL ISSUES: Need More Laws
Governing Electronic Commerce; Are email Contracts, Electronic Signatures
Legal?
10.27
*
CONNECTIVITY
MEASURE OF ABILITY OF
COMPUTING DEVICES TO PASS &
SHARE INFORMATION WITHOUT
HUMAN INTERVENTION
OPEN SYSTEMS: Software Able to
Function on Different Computer
Platforms. Nonproprietary Operating
Systems, Applications, Protocols
*
10.28
CONNECTIVITY FOR NETWORKS
• REFERENCE MODEL: Generic
Framework for Thinking About a
Problem
• PROTOCOL: Statement of How
Specific Task will be Performed
• STANDARD: Approved Reference
Models & Protocols; Determined by
Standard-setting Groups
*
10.29
TRANSMISSION CONTROL
PROTOCOL / INTERNET PROTOCOL
(TCP / IP)
REFERENCE MODEL DEVELOPED BY
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE IN 1972
1. APPLICATION: Provides Screen
Presentations
2. TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL
(TCP): Breaks Data into Datagrams
3. INTERNET PROTOCOL (IP): Breaks,
Sends Datagrams as Smaller IP Packets;
Can Repeat Transmission to Increase
10.30Reliability
TRANSMISSION CONTROL
PROTOCOL / INTERNET PROTOCOL
(TCP / IP)
4. NETWORK INTERFACE: Handles
Addressing and Interface Between
Computer & Network
5. PHYSICAL NET: Defines Electrical
Transmission Characteristics for Sending
Signal Along Networks to Destination
*
10.31
OPEN SYSTEM INTERCONNECT
(OSI)
INTERNATIONAL REFERENCE MODEL
FOR LINKING DIFFERENT TYPES OF
COMPUTERS & NETWORKS. LAYERS:
1. PHYSICAL: Transmission of Data over
Medium
2. DATA LINK: Packaging, Transfer of
Packets; Error Checking
3. NETWORK: Routing Packets Over WAN
*
10.32
OPEN SYSTEM INTERCONNECT
(OSI)
4. TRANSPORT: Ensures Reliable Data
Delivery
5. SESSION: Establishes Communication
Links on Network
6. PRESENTATION: Code Conversion for
Data Presentation
7. APPLICATION: Specialized User
Functions (e.g.: Operating System; File
Transfer; e-mail)
10.33
*
INTEGRATED SERVICES DIGITAL
NETWORK (ISDN)
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD FOR
TRANSMITTING VOICE, VIDEO, DATA.
WIDE RANGE OF SERVICE
OVER PUBLIC TELEPHONE LINES.
DEVELOPED LATE 1970s BY
CONSULTATIVE COMMITTEE ON
INTERNATIONAL TELEGRAPHY &
TELEPHONY (CCITT)
10.34
*
PROBLEMS POSED BY
ENTERPRISE NETWORKING
•
•
•
•
CONNECTIVITY PROBLEMS
LOSS OF MANAGEMENT CONTROL
ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGES
HIDDEN COSTS OF CLIENT / SERVER
COMPUTING
• NETWORK RELIABILITY & SECURITY
*
10.35
SOME SOLUTIONS
•
•
•
•
MANAGING THE CHANGE
EDUCATION & TRAINING
DATA ADMINISTRATION DISCIPLINE
PLANNING FOR CONNECTIVITY
*
10.36
10.
ENTERPRISE
NETWORKING
&
THE INTERNET
10.37