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HSN ‘98 ‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주 IP over Wireless ATM 1998. 2. 13. 김용진 한국전자통신연구원 1 HSN ‘98 ‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주 2 Outline Background Mobile IP IP over ATM Location Management in WATM IP over Wireless ATM HSN ‘98 ‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주 Background Motivation Increase of IP service demands # of hosts on the Internet has doubled per year # of web servers has doubled every 20 weeks From best efforts service to QoS guaranteed real-time multimedia services (-> ATM) Information infrastructure based on ATM technology Needs for development of new services Needs for supporting legacy communication services (-> IP) Communication evolution into wired/wireless integrated environment Rapid increase of mobile phone service users Needs for mobile multimedia services (-> Mobile ATM) 3 HSN ‘98 ‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주 IP Mobility Support over ATM MIP over ATM = MIP + IPOA IP over WATM = IPOA + WATM 4 Mobility support in IP layer Connectionless oriented mobility support Mobility support in ATM layer Connection oriented mobility support HSN ‘98 ‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주 Mobile IP Internet RFCs 5 RFC 2002 : IP Mobility Support RFC 2003 : IP Encapsulation within IP RFC 2004 : Minimal Encapsulation within IP RFC 2005 : Applicability Statement for IP Mobility Support RFC 2006 : The Definitions of Managed Objects for IP Mobility HSN ‘98 ‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주 Mobility Problems and Solutions Mobility problems A name is a location-independent id An address reflects a host’s point of attachment to the network In IP, DNS(Domain Name System) is used for name-to-address translation In MIP, the binding is a function of time -> IP layer needs mobility control Network layer solution architecture Two-tier addressing Two internet addresses with each mobile host (Home address, Care-of address) - Home address for protocol processing - Care-of address for routing 6 HSN ‘98 ‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주 MIP Components Home address MN Internet HA R Home network ..2 FA 128. 8. 128 R CN Care-of address 7 ..3 Foreign network MN HSN ‘98 ‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주 Mobility Control MN FA HA Encapsulation Decapsulation 8 HSN ‘98 ‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주 Routing Optimization Location directory LD Address translation agent S Home network Foreign network f Cache Source g MH 9 HSN ‘98 ‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주 IP vs. ATM IP 10 ATM Connectionless Currently No QoS Destination based routing Future, scalability Problem Moderate overhead Mobile IP Variable packet size Multicast/broad cast Connection Oriented QoS Support Fast Switching Scalable High overhead for IP over ATM Wireless ATM Fixed packet size Yes but requires VC mesh or MCS HSN ‘98 ‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주 IP over ATM IPOA Paradigm Layered Model LAN Emulation (ATM Forum) Multi-protocol over ATM (ATM Forum) 11 Classical IP over ATM (IETF) Next Hop Resolution Protocol (IETF) Integrated Model IP & Tag Switching (IETF) I-PNNI (ATM Forum) HSN ‘98 ‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주 12 Characteristics of Layered Model IP overlays ATM with layer 3 (layered routing) ARP (IP, ATM) is required IP routing protocol in IP routers ATM routing protocols are used Modifications in ATM control SW are not required Inefficient multicasting Standardized Specs. HSN ‘98 ‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주 Characteristics of Integrated Model 13 Integrated routing protocol ARP (IP, ATM) is not required ATM routing protocols are not used Modifications in ATM control SW are required Efficient multicasting Standardized Specs. are in progress HSN ‘98 ‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주 Comparison : Route Selection IP IP ATM Classic NHRP OSPF OSPF OSPF OSPF OSPF PNNI OSPF PNNI OSPF PNNI OSPF PNNI MPLS 14 I-PNNI OSPF I-PNNI OSPF OSPF HSN ‘98 ‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주 15 Comparison :Internode Communication Protocols Type of MPLS communication Address resolution NHRP I-PNNI Routing OSPF OSPF I-PNNI /PNNI Signaling PNNI TDP, IFMP,... NHRP I-PNNI HSN ‘98 ‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주 IP over WATM (I) IPaddr(= AP) --> (ATMvisiting_addr = AP) i) IPaddr -- ARP -> ATMhome_addr -- MC(t) -> ATMvisiting_addr ii) IPaddr ----- ARP*(t) -------> ATMvisiting_addr 16 HSN ‘98 ‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주 IP over WATM (II) IP Over WATM = IPOA + WATM NHRP (X) MPLS Mobility Control MC(t) (X) I-PNNI cf) MIP over ATM NHRP Home agent MPLS Foreign agent I-PNNI 17 HSN ‘98 ‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주 Location Management in WATM LM enables the network to communicate with MN by managing the information about the location of the MN LM = Mobile tracking + Mobile locating Mobile Tracking Mobile Locating 18 Network elements updating procedure about the location of mobile entities Mobile tracking = Mobile registration + updating The procedure by which a network node determines the location of the MT for the delivery of incoming calls May be executed explicitly prior to call setup or may be an integral part of the call setup procedure HSN ‘98 ‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주 Two Approaches for the LM in WATM 19 Mobile PNNI scheme LR scheme HSN ‘98 ‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주 Mobile PNNI Scheme Extension of the PNNI routing protocol to support MN No explicit “search” procedure prior to call setup 20 Use of the PNNI routing protocol for reachability information Scope parameter for the restriction of RI update Connection setup combined with mobile locating Requires additional routing optimization process HSN ‘98 ‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주 PNNI Routing Protocol Overview Hierarchical peer groups with Peer Group Leaders(PGLs) and Logical Group Nodes(LGNs) Exchange of information for topology, load and reachability by using Protocol Topology State Packet (PTSP) Reachability summarized and advertised by PGLs A l=1 ATM sw itch B Peer group leader A.1 l=2 B.2 B.1 B.1.5 A.1.4 B.3 B.1.4 B.3.6 A.2.1 B.2.2 A.1.3 l=L B.2.3 A.1.2 A.2.2 B.1.1 B.1.2 B.2.1 B.3.5 B.3.4 B.1.3 A.1.1 21 A.2 B.3.1 B.3.2 B.3.3 HSN ‘98 ‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주 PNNI Extension Enhancement of the PNNI routing protocol for the exchange of reachability information of mobile users Three new parameters are defined 22 Scope S is used to set the stop point for reachability information propagation Ancestors-are-sibling level aij of nodes i and j is the level at which the ancestors of the two nodes i and j belong to the same peer group The neighborhood Gi of a node i is defined to include all nodes j such that aij >= S HSN ‘98 ‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주 Power on/off registration Mobile Tracking Mobile registers at switch n Send registration to home swtich Yes Send registration to home switch ; Send registration to old switch to set a pointer at the old switch to forward calls to new location (if home = old, only one registration is needed) 23 Registration resulting from a move from mode o to new node n New location outside the neighborhood of the old location ? ano < S No Send registration to old switch to set a pointer at to the old switch to forward calls to new location HSN ‘98 ‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주 Connection Setup/Mobile Locating Calling party is within the called mobile’s neighborhood acv >= S Calls arrives at the origination switch Call arrival was after reachability update is complete No Yes Yes Call is routed directly to the mobile Call is routed to the old location and then to the current location of the mobile 24 Calling party is outside the called mobile’s neighborhood acv < S Called mobile is in its home No neighborhood ? ahv >= S Call arrival was Call arrival was after reachability update is complete Yes Yes after home switch receives registration following a move or the home is the old location No No Call is routed to the home switch and then to the current location of the mobile Call is routed to the home switch, then to the old location and finally to the current location of the mobile HSN ‘98 ‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주 LR Scheme Application of cellular LR scheme to PNNI-based hierarchical ATM networks 25 Hierarchical LR DBs Scope parameter for the restriction of LR provisioning level Isolate effect for mobility from PNNI routing protocol Explicit “search” procedure prior to call setup HSN ‘98 ‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주 LR Architecture A.L l=S=2 A.1.L l=L A.2.L B.1.L B.1.5 A.1.4 B.L B.2.L B.3.L B.1.4 B.3.6 A.2.1 B.3.5 B.2.2 A.1.3 B.2.3 B.3.4 B.1.3 A.1.1 A.1.2 A.2.2 BS 26 B.1.2 B.2.1 BS A.1.2.5 A.1.1.4 B.1.1 A.2.2.5 B.3.1 B.3.2 B.2.2.5 B.3.3 ATM switch Location Register A.1.2.3 HSN ‘98 ‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주 Mobile Tracking in the LR Scheme Mobile registers at switch Power on/off registration at switch n Yes Updates are propagated from Lth level LR to Sth level LR ; Home LR is informed about the current Sth level LR. 27 Updated are propagated from Lth level LR to aonth level LR at the new neighborhood ; Cancellations are propagated from Lth level LR to aon + lth level LR at the old neighborhood. Registration resulting from a move from node o to new node n aon >= S No Updates are propagated from Lth level LR to Sth level LR at the new neighborhood ; Home LR is informed about the new Sth level LR ; Cancellations are propagated from Lth level LR to Sth level LR at the old neighborhood. HSN ‘98 ‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주 Mobile Locating in the LR Scheme l=I l=S LOCREQ LOCREQ LOCREQ LOCREQ LOCREQ LOCREQ l=L LOCREQ Calling party’s switch(c) 28 LOCREQ Response Home switch of the called mobile(h) Called mobile’s current switch(v) HSN ‘98 ‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주 Comparison Mobile PNNI LR Address space partition Not required Required Resource allocation for call setup Not optimized Optimized Item Performance Modification of ATM signaling and routing Application to public network 29 Superior in low CMR Superior in high CMR Required Not required Applicable Not applicable HSN ‘98 ‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주 Performance & Cost Issues LM cost = Mobile tracking cost + Mobile location cost Mobile tracking (locating) cost = Computational cost (DB access) + Communication cost (signaling & routing) For performance analysis, exact models of network and mobile node are required 30