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Introduction to the Internet Chapter One Evolution of the Internet 1968; U.S. Dept. of Defense; 1980’s ARPANET – Advanced Research Projects Agency Network 1990’s went public World Wide Web HTML – Hypertext Markup Language Standard language of the Internet Not a network itself but a set of software programs Electronic library Each website like a book Each website has pages; web pages Transfer Protocols HTTP – protocol used to transfer web pages to web servers FTP – used to transfer files between comp., allows file transfer without corruption. SMTP – method of sending e-mail POP – Receives e-mail from an incoming mail server Domain Names (DNS) Translates IP addresses into easily recognizable names Example : www.ciwcertified.com 63.72.51.85 Also called the Dotted Quad because they are divided into 4 sections. DNS Read the name from right to left Example : www.ciwcertified.com 63.72.51.85 SERVER (HOST) NAME REG.COMP. NAME DOMAIN CATEGORY Top-level domain DNS – Top Level Domains Com – commercial or company sites Edu – educational institutions Gov – U.S. civilian government Mil – U.S. military Org – clubs, organizations, associations Net – network sites Country Codes & Others Us Mx Ca Au - Australia Fr Ch Uk Virtual Domain Names Provides your company with a private Web address, regardless of where the Web site is hosted. Example: yourcompany.com Can be located even if you type www. Uniform Resource Locator (URL) Specifies not only the location but also the protocol http://www.google.com https://www.paypal.com ICANN - icann.org Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers To reach another person on the Internet you have to type an address into your computer -- a name or a number. That address must be unique so computers know where to find each other. ICANN coordinates these unique identifiers across the world. Without that coordination, we wouldn't have one global Internet. THE BROWSER Short for Web browser, a software application used to locate and display Web pages. Internet Explorer Firefox Safari SEARCH ENGINE A Web site with access to a database of Web sites that a user can search by entering key words. Google, Dogpile, AskJeeves, Yahoo DOWNLOADING The process of transferring files from one computer to another, usually from a Web server to a browser’s computer. Time of download depends on: The size of the Web page (including text, graphics, etc.) The speed of the user’s Internet connection The speed of the Web server and its connection The amount of Internet traffic competing for use of the Internet As a Web page designer, you have no control over the user’s connection. You usually cannot change the server’s speed or how much Internet traffic there is. This leaves the size of your page as the only thing you can really control to affect speed.