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A survey of commercial tools
for intrusion detection
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Introduction
Systems analyzed
Methodology
Results
Conclusions
Cao er Kai. INSA lab. 2003.09
1. Introduction
Intrusion Detection Systems
generic ID architecture
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Common Intrusion Detection Framework
(CIDF) - DARPA (Defense Advanced
Research Projects Agency)
• Event generators (E-boxes)
• Event analyzers (A-boxes)
• Event databases (D-boxes)
• Event response units (R-boxes)
event generators
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obtain information from sources and
transformed into a standard format (gido)
event analyzers
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statistical analysis and pattern recognition
searching
event databases
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storage of events and information (gidos)
response units
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initiate the proper response
2. Systems analyzed
3. Methodology
Comparison criteria
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Granularity of data processing
Source of audit data (raw events)
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network-based : Ethernet (see all traffic)
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host-based : security logs
Detection method
1.
2.
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IPSEC
rule based
anomaly based
Response to detected intrusions
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passive
active
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System organization
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Security : withstand attacks againstitself
Degree of interoperability
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Exchange of audit data records
Exchange of audit data records
Exchange of misuse patterns or statistical information about
user activities
Exchange of alarm reports and event notifications
Manageability
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Centralized : data analysis
Distributed : data collection
HP Openview , BMC Patrol
Adaptivity
System and network infrastructure requirements
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TCP/IP
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Classification of comparison criteria
4. Results
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Functional aspects
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Granularity of data processing
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real-time
T-Sight
Source of audit data (Raw events)
host-based (H)
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both host-based and network-based (NW/H)
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network-based (NW)
switched networks
network encryption
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Response to detected intrusions
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Passive responses
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Active response
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sending e-mails, paging or displaying alert messages.
network-based systems : terminating transport level sessions
Host-based systems : control processes, terminate network sessions
Interfaces to network management applications : SNMP (send traps)
Interfaces to network elements : firewall control sessions/connections
Service availability aspects
Legal aspects : “returning fire”
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Degree of interoperability
1.
2.
3.
4.
Exchange of audit data records
Exchange of security policies
Exchange of misuse patterns or statistical
information about user activities
Exchange of alarm reports, event notifications
and response mechanisms
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Adaptivity (customization)
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Detection method
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Adding new intrusion patterns
Adopting rules for site specific protocols and
applications
Rule based detection
anomaly based detection
Detection capabilities
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Physical and data-link layer
Network and transport layer
Operating Systems
Applications, databases, management and
support systems, office automation
Security aspects
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1.
2.
3.
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6.
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Confidentiality of audit data
Integrity of audit data : using encryption
Confidentiality of the detection policy
Integrity of detection policy
Protection of response mechanisms
Availability
Encrypted communication channels
Heartbeat functions
Stealth behavior
Access control
Weaknesses of network-based systems
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Architectural aspects
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System organization
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distributed environment
single host or network segment
System and network infrastructure
requirements
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Operating systems
Network technology
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Operational aspects
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Performance aspects
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Communication overhead
network-based intrusion detection, the overhead is
caused by the distribution of audit data and the
communication between the various subsystems of
the IDS.
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Computational overhead
host-based IDS execute and collect audit data on
the target they monitor.
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Management aspects
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Configuration management
management of the detection capability and the corresponding response
mechanisms
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Security management
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Access security
Audit trails and security alarms
Security of management
1.
2.
3.
4.
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Authenticity
Integrity
Confidentiality
Availability
Management interfaces
Management model
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Many-to-Many
One-to-Many
One-to-one
5. Conclusions

The role of IDS in corporate security
infrastructures:
IDS are not a substitute for other security services
such as firewalls, authentication servers etc
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Host-based versus network-based IDS.
Security of IDS
Lack of modularity and interoperability
Background of vendors
RealSecure
RealSecure
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Architecture:
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RealSecure Engines
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Network interface
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Packet Capture Module
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Ethernet, fast Ethernet, FDDI and Token-ring
Windows NT: network service
Solaris: Data Link Provider Interface
Filter Module
Attack recognition Module
Response Module
RealSecure
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RealSecure Agents
RealSecure Manager
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Central real-time alarm
Central data management
Central engine configuration
Intruder Alert
Intruder Alert
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Architecture
Interface console
 Manager
interface console and manager only runs on
Windows NT/95
 Agents
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Intruder Alert
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Intruder Alert Domains: groups of
agents/hosts
Intruder Alert Policies
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Drop & Detect Policies
Detect and respond Policies
Custom-configurable Policies
Carte Blanche
NetRanger
NetRanger
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Architecture
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Sensors
Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Token Ring and
FDDI
Director
Post office
Stake Out I.D
Stake Out I.D
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Architecture
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Network Observation
Intrusion Detection
Evidence logging
Alert Notification
Incident Analyzer/Reporter
Kane Security Monitor
Kane Security Monitor
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Architecture
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Monitoring Console
Collection Auditor and Alerting Engine
Intelligent Agents
Session Wall-3
Session Wall-3
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Architecture
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Network Usage Reporting
Network Security
WEB and Internal Usage Policy Monitoring
and Controls
Company Preservation
Entrax
Entrax
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Architecture
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Command Console
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Assessment Manager
Alert Manager
Detection Policy Editor
Audit Policy Editor
Collection Policy Editor
Report Manager
Target Agent
CMDS (Computer Misuse
Detection System)
SecureNET PRO
CyberCop
CyberCop
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Architecture
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CyberCop Sensors
CyberCop Management Server
INTOUCH INSA
T-sight
NIDES
ID-Trak
SecureCom
POLYCENTER
Network Flight Recorder