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Operating Systems
Introduction
What we have
A layer of software called the operating system
Windows, Linux, FreeBSD, or Max OS X
GUI (Graphical User Interface)
Where OS fits in
WHAT IS AN
OPERATING SYSTEM?
Huge, complex, and long-lived
Linux or Windows is on the order of five million lines
of code
The Operating System as an Extended Machine
Operating systems
Operating System as a
Resource Manager
Operating systems allow multiple programs to run at
the same time
Resource management includes multiplexing
(sharing) resources
Allocating disk space and keeping track of who is
using which disk blocks is a typical operating system
resource management task.
HISTORY OF
OPERATING SYSTEMS
First Generation (1945-55) Vacuum Tubes
Second Generation (1955-65) Transistors and Batch
Systems
An early batch system
Third Generation (1965-1980) ICs and
Multiprogramming
The IBM 360 was the first major computer line to use
(small-scale) Ics (Integrated Circuits)
CTSS (Compatible Time Sharing System), was
developed at M.I.T.
The Fourth Generation (1980-Present)
Personal Computers
In 1974, when Intel came out with the 8080
CP/M (Control) Program for Microcomputers)
IBM designed the IBM PC
IBM PC/AT, came out in 1983 with the Intel 80286
CPU, MS-DOS
COMPUTER HARDWARE
REVIEW
A typical memory
hierarchy
The structure of a large
Pentium system
Mainframe Operating
Systems
Server Operating Systems
Multiprocessor Operating Systems
Personal Computer Operating Systems
Handheld Computer Operating Systems
Embedded Operating Systems
Sensor Node Operating Systems
Real-Time Operating Systems
Smart Card Operating Systems
OPERATING SYSTEM
CONCEPTS
Processes
Protection
The Shell
Large Memories
Disks
Virtual Memory
OPERATING SYSTEM
STRUCTURE
Structure of the THE
operating system.