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Planning the Addressing Structure Working at a Small-to-Medium Business or ISP – Chapter 4 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 1 Objectives Describe how IP Addressing is implemented in the LAN Subnet a given network to allow for efficient use of IP address space Explain how Network Address Translation (NAT) and Port Address Translation (PAT) are used in a network © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 2 Running out of Space? As we learned in the first course IP addresses are in short supply due to an initial design that just did not anticipate the number of Internet users we have today. Subnetting, the dividing of a network into smaller networks, provides us with a short-term solution to the long-term problem of not enough IP addresses. How serious is the problem of not enough addresses? © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 3 Running out of Space? China, for example, has fewer addresses than Stanford University. Why? When addresses were first being distributed, Stanford (one of the original universities) kept large numbers for themselves. What will be the long-term solution? IPv6 - an addressing scheme with 128 bits versus the current 32-bit addresses we have today. Asia may be the first continent to adopt IPv6 on a large scale. Asia has the most severe shortage, a growing population, and no way to get additional IPv4 addresses. © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 4 And Now for Something Completely Different! Convert these numbers to Decimal 1. 00011011 2. 10101010 3. 01101111 4. 11000000 5. 01010101 6. 00100000 7. 11101101 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 5 IP Addressing Structure Practice converting 8-bit binary to decimal © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 6 IP Addressing Structure Convert decimal to 8-bit binary © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 7 IP Addressing Structure Practice converting decimal to 8-bit binary © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 8 Section 4.1 Implementation of IP Addressing in the LAN Review the purpose of an IP address Review IP address hierarchical structure Review the classes of IP addresses © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 9 IP Addressing Structure Describe the dotted decimal structure of a binary IP address and label its parts © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 10 IP Addressing Structure Describe the general role of 8-bit binary in network addressing and convert 8-bit binary to decimal © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 11 Classify and Define IPv4 Addresses Name the three types of addresses in the network and describe the purpose of each type © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 12 Classify and Define IPv4 Addresses Determine the network, broadcast and host addresses for a given address and prefix combination © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 13 Classify and Define IPv4 Addresses Determine the network, broadcast and host addresses for a given address and prefix combination © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 14 Classify and Define IPv4 Addresses Name the three types of communication in the Network Layer and describe the characteristics of each type © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 15 Classify and Define IPv4 Addresses Define public address and private address © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 16 Classify and Define IPv4 Addresses Name the three types of communication in the Network Layer and describe the characteristics of each type © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 17 Classify and Define IPv4 Addresses Identify the historic method for assigning addresses and the issues associated with the method © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 18 Determine the network portion of the host address and the role of the subnet mask Describe how the subnet mask is used to create and specify the network and host portions of an IP address © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 19 Determine the network portion of the host address and the role of the subnet mask Use the subnet mask and ANDing process to extract the network address from the IP address © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 20 Determine the network portion of the host address and the role of the subnet mask Use ANDing logic to determine an outcome © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 21 Determine the network portion of the host address and the role of the subnet mask Observe the steps in the ANDing of an IPv4 host address and subnet mask © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 22 Calculating Addresses Use the subnet mask to divide a network into smaller networks and describe the implications of dividing networks for network planners © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 23 Calculating Addresses Use the subnet mask to divide a network into smaller networks and describe the implications of dividing networks for network planners © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 24 A Subnetting Example © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 25 Implementation of IP Addressing in the LAN Describe classful subnetting including how subnet masks are used in calculations for addressing and routing, and IP address notation for subnet masks © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 26 Implementation of IP Addressing in the LAN Identify the number of subnet bits required for a given network implementation © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 27 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 28 Classless Subnetting CIDR VLSM © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 29 Creating Custom Subnet Masks Communicating between subnets © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 30 Calculating Addresses Extract network addresses from host addresses using the subnet mask © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 31 Assigning Addresses Assigning Addresses can help separate functions © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 32 Calculating Addresses Calculate the number of hosts in a network range given an address and subnet mask © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 33 Using Network Address Translation in a Network Describe the purpose and function of network address translation (NAT) and how it is implemented © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 34 Using Network Address Translation in a Network Define the terms used to describe how packets are transported across a NAT configuration © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 35 Using Network Address Translation in a Network Compare static and dynamic IP NAT and describe when each should be used © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 36 Using Network Address Translation in a Network Describe the purpose and function of Port-based Address Translation (PAT) within a NAT configuration © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 37 Using Network Address Translation in a Network Identify possible issues within a network due to NAT configuration implementation © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 38 Implementation of IP Addressing in the LAN Describe the origin, purpose, and function of IPv6 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 39 Assigning Addresses Identify several changes made to the IP protocol in IPv6 and describe the motivation for migrating from IPv4 to IPv6 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 40 Summary IP addressing can be tailored to the needs of the network design through the use of custom subnet masks. Classless subnetting gives classful IP addressing schemes more flexibility through the use of variable length subnet masks. Network Address Translation (NAT) is a way to shield private addresses from outside users. Port Address Translation (PAT) translates multiple local addresses to a single global IP address, maximizing the use of both private and public IP addresses. © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 41 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 42