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Wireless Web Access
Survey Report
John Lautmann
Uma Chandrasekar
Course Number
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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
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Agenda
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Wireless Advantage
Challenges in wireless implementation
Wireless Web Architectures
WAP
I-Mode
Comparison of WAP and I-Mode
Wireless LAN
Bluetooth
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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
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Wireless Advantage
• potential benefits through more flexible,
mobile and personal channels of
communication.
• An opportunity to fundamentally transform
customer relationships
– Creative wireless solutions enable users to
access information whenever and however they
want.
– Company can “push” data to customers in realtime
• “Any device, Anytime, anywhere” mantra
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Challenges in Wireless
Implementation
• On the equipment side
– Less powerful CPUs
– Less memory (ROM and RAM)
– Restricted power consumption
– Smaller displays
– Different input devices (e.g., a phone keypad,
voice input, etc.)
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Challenges in Wireless
Implementation
• On the network side
– Less bandwidth
– More latency
– Less connection stability
– Less predictable availability
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Wireless Web Architectures
Tier 1
Tier 3
Tier 2
Web
Client
Device
Wireless
Browser
Receiving
Wireless
Tower
Gateway
HTTP
Advantages
Disadvantages
• Fast time to market
• Unusable without network
• Simple development effort
• Poor usability
• Works on all devices
• Poor performance
Server
• Poor battery life
Browser-based wireless architecture
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Wireless Web Architectures
Tier 1
Tier 2
Tier 3
Client Device
Thick client
Sync
Engine
Wireless
Local data
Receiving
Sync
Tower
Server
Advantages
Disadvantages
• Always available
• Complex development effort
• Good usability
• Slow time to market
• Good performance
• Client software
distribution/support
• Good battery life
Web
Server
• Unavailable for cell phones
Thick Client Solutions
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Wireless Web Architectures
Tier 1
Tier 2
Tier 3
Client Device
AvantGo
client
Wireless
Local
Content
Receiving
AvantGo
Tower
Server
Advantages
Disadvantages
• Always available
• Very poor usability
• Fast time to market
• Client software
distribution/support
• Good performance
• Simple development effort
Web
Server
• Unavailable for cell phones
Hybrid Solutions
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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
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What is WAP?
• An open, global standard that empowers
mobile users with wireless devices to
easily access and interact with information
and services instantly.
• A standard created by wireless and
Internet companies around the world to
make accessing the Internet as easy and
convenient as using a cellular phone
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WAP – An extension of the
Internet Model
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WAP Architecture
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WAP Offers
Bearer Independence
• Allows Applications developed once to
work across all networks -- today and
tomorrow
• Protects the Carrier’s investment in
wireless data as networks evolve
• Enables Mobile Device Manufacturers to
use
common code across product lines
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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
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WAP Provides
Device Independence
• Allows applications developed once to work
across devices from small handsets to powerful
PDAs
• Promotes consistent user experience across all
of a carrier’s handset offerings
• Encourages wealth of applications for handset
manufacturers that implement the standard
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WAP provides a “microbrowser”
optimized for wireless devices
• Requiring minimal RAM, ROM,
Display, CPU and keys
• Providing carriers with
consistent service UI across
devices
• Providing Internet compatibility
• Enabling wide array of available
content and applications
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Converging With
An XML World
• WAP is already prepared for convergence
• Understanding the “module” effect
Content availability increases because less
code is needed to render sites properly
instead of re-writing whole sites
• WAP complies with W3C’s recently approved
XHTML standard
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So - Why WAP?
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An open industry-established world standard
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Based on Internet standards including
XML and IP
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Committed to by handset manufacturers
representing over 95% of the world market
across all technologies
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Supported by network operators representing
over 200 million subscribers
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WAP Benefits
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WAP delivers revenue opportunities for carriers
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WAP offers a broad market for developers
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WAP means increased sales for device,
infrastructure and gateway manufacturers
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WAP means freedom to the end user
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WAP’s “Killer Apps”
• Location-based services
Real-time traffic reporting
Event/restaurant recommendation
Highly customized ads
Instant messaging-type “buddy” location
• Enterprise solutions
Email access
Database access
A “global intranet”
Information updates “pushed” to WAP devices
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WAP’s “Killer Apps”
• Gaming, Gambling and Entertainment
Online, real-time, multi-player games
Downloadable horoscopes, cartoons, quotes, advice
• “M”-Commerce - Shopping on the go
Instant comparison shopping
Impulse buying
Location-based special offers and sales
• Financial services
Banking, Bill-paying, Stock trading, Funds transfers
• Travel services
Schedules and rescheduling
Reservations
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I-Mode
• In addition to conventional voice communications, users can
access a wide range of sites by simply pressing the i-mode
key.
• The convenient and useful service lineup includes mobile
banking and ticket reservations.
• I-mode employs packet data transmission (9600bps), so
communications fees are charged by the amount of data
transmitted/received rather than the amount of time online.
• i-mode is compatible with Internet e-mail and can also
transfer mail between i-mode terminals.
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I-Mode Features
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I-Mode Features
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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
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I-Mode Features
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I-Mode Features
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I-Mode Structure
Connecting to sites, receiving messages and transmitting
e-mail are done via the DoCoMo i-mode center.
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Comparison I-Mode & WAP
NTTDoCoMo
(I-Mode)
Industry
Value Chain
By controlling all aspects including
handset specifications and the
interface, branding, and content,
DoCoMo has become the i-mode
value chain.
Technology
versus
Content
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 Content has been at the core of
the service and was in place
before the technology.
 Offers diverse content
categorized into four areas: online transactions, entertainment,
databases and information.
 As of 2000, the service offered
25,100 content sites, 1,100
official and 24,000 unofficial.
European and North American
Mobile Operators
(WAP)
With carriers and content providers
vying for ownership of the consumer, a
fragmented value chain has evolved.
 The WAP standard was
developed and the content
followed.
 Content has focused on financial
and information services.
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Comparison I-Mode & WAP
NTTDoCoMo
(I-Mode)
European and North American
Mobile Operators
(WAP)
 Developers must learn a new
language.
 Limited number of sites written
for WAP.
cHTML vs
WML
Based on language of traditional
Internet, cHTML has made it easy
for developers to create ‘unofficial’
content.
Networks
Packet data network with ‘always’ on Dial-up GSM and other 2G networks
connectivity.
Licensing
costs
Granted spectrum access under
European operators have been laden
government revenue sharing scheme. with the high cost of UTMS licensing
costs.
Billing
System
 Customers are charged flat rate
of ¥300 ($3.00) and the cost of
data transmitted.
i-mode users view 300 to 400 Web
pages a month.
Use
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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
 WAP users are billed for the
about of airtime it takes to receive
data.
WAP users access the Internet less than
once a week
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Comparison I-Mode & WAP
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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
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Wireless Network Characteristics
• Low bandwidth / Wide coverage area
CDPD
• High bandwidth / Short distances
802.11a / 802.11b
Bluetooth
Infrared
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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
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Infrared Lan interconnect
• Can use to sync handheld
devices with Avantgo
• Use Microsoft ActiveSync
to update handheld
• Can connect to internet at
speeds of up to 4Mbps
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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
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Wireless Network
Evolution
Generation Wireless Technology
1G
AMPS advanced mobile phone system
2G
TDMA time division multiple access
CDMA code division multiple access
2.5G
3G
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GSM global system for mobile comm.
Enhanced TDMA, CDMA, GSM
Cdma2000 Qualcom
W-CDMA wideband CDMA
© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
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Wireless Network Speed
Comparison
Technology
Speed
CDPD
19.2 Kbps
Infrared IRDA
115 Kbps
Bluetooth
723 Kbps
802.11b
11 Mbps
802.11a
54 Mbps
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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
(1-4 Mbps extension)
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Wireless
Network Uses
Technology
Function
CDPD
Infrared
Short text bursts – stock quotes
sports scores
Device interconnect, data sync
Bluetooth
Device interconnect, voice
802.11b
Lan replacement, multimedia
802.11a
High Speed Lan replacement
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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
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Summary of Wireless Networks
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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
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Wireless
Network Security
• 802.11b Wired Equivalent Privacy
Protect wireless data to an
equivalent level of privacy of wired
networks
• Uses 40, 64, 128 bit encryption
• WEP2 standard (802.11e) in progress
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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
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Mobile IP enables Wireless
Freedom
• Mobile IP provides users the freedom to
roam beyond their home subnet while
consistently maintaining their home IP
address
• Enables sessions to be maintained in
spite of physical movement between
points of attachment to the Internet or
other networks
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