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SC ICT Certification
Level 1
09 What Is The Internet?
By Ross Parker
The Internet
• wikipedia.org: “The Internet is a global
system of interconnected computer networks
that interchange data by packet switching
using the standardized Internet Protocol Suite
(TCP/IP). It is a ‘network of networks’...”
The Internet facilitates these applications
The Internet is not IM,
The Internet is not P2P,
The Internet is not Chat,
The Internet is not Email,
The Internet is not The Web:
The Internet is simply a
communications channel!
Visualise It!
Partial map of the Internet based on the January 15, 2005 data found on
opte.org. Each line is drawn between two nodes, representing two IP
addresses. The length of the lines are indicative of the delay between those
two nodes. Lines are colour-coded as follows:
* Dark blue: net, ca, us
* Green: com, org
* Red: mil, gov, edu
* Yellow: jp, cn, tw, au, de
* Magenta: uk, it, pl, fr
* Gold: br, kr, nl
* White: unknown
Source: Matt Britt, Wikimedia Commons
Simplify It!
LAN
LAN
PC
PC
Server
Switch
&
Firewall
PC
Switch
&
Firewall
Printer
The Internet
Why a cloud?
History of the Internet
1945
Vannevar Bush publishes
paper on Memex machine
1957
USSR launches Sputnik
1958
USA forms ARPA
1960
J.C.R. Licklider publishes
"Man-Computer
Symbiosis"
1961
Leonard Kleinrock
publishes “Information
Flow in Large
Communication Nets"
1969
ARPAnet commissioned
by USA DoD: 4 nodes
1966
Larry Roberts publishes
"Towards a Cooperative
Network of Time-Shared
Computers"
1983
IP-capable UNIX
workstations available
1984
DNS Introduced
1,000+ hosts
1988
Internet Relay Chat (IRC)
developed by Jarkko
Oikarinen
1986
Internet Engineering Task
Force (IETF) born
1999
40,000,000+ hosts
2005
350,000,000+ hosts
Theory
1973
Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn
propose “internetwork”
1973
ARPAnet extends to
England and Norway
1971
ARPAnet: 15 nodes w/ 23
hosts
Development
1976
Queen Elizabeth II sends
an email
1979
USENET established
1982
TCP/IP established
Growth
1992
1,000,000+ hosts
1991
World-Wide Web (WWW)
released by CERN; Tim
Berners-Lee
1989
100,000+ hosts
Explosion!
1993
Mosaic breaks! WWW
grows at 341,634% per
annum
1995
Commercial access via
dial-up
1997
Browser wars
Important Strands
• Move from single machines to networked
machines
– WAN first, then LAN
•
•
•
•
Move from isolated networks to internetworks
Move from academic to commercial use
Move from organisational to personal use
Growth in range and richness of applications
Astounding Growth
Can you imagine a bridge that can handle this growth in traffic?
This is robust engineering. And it was a largely open process…
Licensing
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All original work used here is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share
Alike 3.0 Unported license. For more details please look at
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/.
This license has been chosen to permit a high degree of sharing, whilst protecting the
author’s control as to how the content is used.
Please respect this license and use accordingly!
Recycled and borrowed works from other sources are used under appropriate
licenses, which are not affected by this license. The original source is always given.
All original work created by Ross Parker (Sha Tin College, English Schools
Foundation, Hong Kong), except where specified.